journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516933/ai-vs-academia-experimental-study-on-ai-text-detectors-accuracy-in-behavioral-health-academic-writing
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrey A Popkov, Tyson S Barrett
Artificial Intelligence (AI) language models continue to expand in both access and capability. As these models have evolved, the number of academic journals in medicine and healthcare which have explored policies regarding AI-generated text has increased. The implementation of such policies requires accurate AI detection tools. Inaccurate detectors risk unnecessary penalties for human authors and/or may compromise the effective enforcement of guidelines against AI-generated content. Yet, the accuracy of AI text detection tools in identifying human-written versus AI-generated content has been found to vary across published studies...
March 22, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493503/fabrication-in-a-study-about-honesty-a-lost-episode-of-columbo-illustrating-how-forensic-statistics-is-performed
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Greg Samsa
The three steps of a typical forensic statistical analysis are (1) verify that the raw data file is correct; (2) verify that the statistical analysis file derived from the raw data file is correct; and (3) verify that the statistical analyses are appropriate. We illustrate applying these three steps to a manuscript which was subsequently retracted, focusing on step 1. In the absence of an external source for comparison, criteria for assessing the raw data file were internal consistency and plausibility. A forensic statistical analysis isn't like a murder mystery, and it many circumstances discovery of a mechanism for falsification or fabrication might not be realistic...
March 17, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461464/coi-works-both-ways-investigation-of-misconduct-by-an-independent-research-integrity-organization-is-the-way-to-go
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bor Luen Tang
Resnik, Hosseini and Rasmussen's take on universities having conflict of interest (COI), and should engage an independent research integrity organization in investigating research misconduct (RM) allegations against top officials, is prudent and timely. COI could be conceived either against or for in the processes toward the conviction of a respondent. For the latter, we need look no further than another recent Harvard case involving Francesca Gino.
March 10, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450500/medical-research-without-patents-it-s-preferable-it-s-profitable-and-it-s-practicable
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hans Radder, Joost Smiers
This article addresses the question of the possibility of medical research without patents, a major issue in healthcare research and policy. We discuss and evaluate the relevant scientific, economic, societal, and moral aspects of our system of funding and organizing the research, development, manufacture and sale of prescription drugs. The focus is on the patent practices of big pharmaceutical companies. We analyze and critically assess the main features and impacts of these practices. In a positive sense, we propose an approach to organizing and funding drug research that prioritizes its public interest rather than its privatization through patenting...
March 7, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445637/group-authorship-an-excellent-opportunity-laced-with-ethical-legal-and-technical-challenges
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Hosseini, Alex O Holcombe, Marton Kovacs, Hub Zwart, Daniel S Katz, Kristi Holmes
Group authorship (also known as corporate authorship, team authorship, consortium authorship) refers to attribution practices that use the name of a collective (be it team, group, project, corporation, or consortium) in the authorship byline. Data shows that group authorships are on the rise but thus far, in scholarly discussions about authorship, they have not gained much specific attention. Group authorship can minimize tensions within the group about authorship order and the criteria used for inclusion/exclusion of individual authors...
March 6, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442024/mega-authorship-implications-how-many-scientists-can-fit-into-one-cell
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel S Dotson
The past 20 years has seen a significant increase in articles with 500 or more authors. This increase has presented problems in terms of determining true authorship versus other types of contribution, issues with database metadata and data output, and publication length. Using items with 500+ authors deemed as mega-author titles, a total of 5,533 mega-author items were identified using InCites . Metadata about the items was then gathered from Web of Science and Scopus . Close examination of these items found that the vast majority of these covered physics topics, with medicine a far distant second place and only minor representation from other science fields...
March 5, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414266/responding-to-research-misconduct-allegations-brought-against-top-university-officials
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David B Resnik, Mohammad Hosseini, Lisa Rasmussen
Investigating research misconduct allegations against top officials can create significant conflicts of interest (COIs) for universities that may require changes to existing oversight frameworks. One way of addressing some of these challenges is to develop policies and procedures that specifically address investigation of allegations of misconduct involving top university officials. Steps can also be taken now regardless of whether such a body is created. Federal and university research misconduct regulations and policies may need to be revised to provide institutions with clearer guidance on how to deal with misconduct allegations against top officials...
February 27, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374543/mismatch-in-perceptions-of-the-quality-of-supervision-and-research-data-management-as-an-area-of-concern-results-from-a-university-wide-survey-of-the-research-integrity-culture-at-a-belgian-university
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven De Peuter, K Dierickx, M Meganck, I Lerouge, W Vandevelde, G Storms
Researchers of KU Leuven, a large Belgian university, were invited to complete a bespoke questionnaire assessing their attitudes toward research integrity and the local research culture, with specific emphasis on the supervision of junior researchers. A total of 7,353 invitations were sent via e-mail and 1,866 responses were collected (25.3% response rate), of which 1,723 responses are reported upon here. Some of the findings are relevant to the broader research community. Whereas supervisors evaluated their supervision of junior researchers almost unanimously as positive, fewer supervisees evaluated it as such...
February 19, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369700/limits-of-ethical-non-human-subjects-research-in-an-applied-setting
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adam T Biggs
Ethical research follows numerous rules and regulations to ensure that all human subjects are protected during the collection and dissemination of research outcomes. Nevertheless, there is often a critical distinction drawn between human subjects research and non-human subjects research (NHSR). The latter can also be described as non-research activities, which typically reduces any oversight even if human subjects are involved. Despite the need to conduct ethical NHSR or non-research activities in an applied setting, there are several ways this determination can be used to circumvent regulatory oversight...
February 18, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38361211/bad-apples-or-systematic-problem-is-italy-struggling-with-maintaining-high-level-of-research-integrity
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Pizzolato
The recent scandal involving Prof. Schillaci has raised concerns about the integrity of the Italian academic landscape, highlighting potential deeper issues within the research ecosystem. Despite the existence of comprehensive guidelines for research integrity set by the National Council of Research (CNR) and some prominent universities, the emphasis on educating research personnel about the importance of research integrity remains lacking. Additionally, prevalent issues such as nepotism and the manipulation of metrics for career advancement pose further challenges to fostering a fair and accountable research environment...
February 15, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356147/points-of-departure-and-developing-good-practices-for-responsible-internationalization-in-a-rapidly-changing-world
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tommy Shih
Responsible internationalization is a term increasingly used to promote relationship building in a world shaped by the growing impact of global challenges and geopolitical competition. In these changing global conditions, researchers and universities have learned that they need to adhere to an expanded set of research norms. Today these norms include aspects well known to researchers, such as research integrity, academic freedom, openness, research excellence, and research ethics, but also newer aspects related to societal impact, research security, and science diplomacy...
February 14, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38299475/cancer-researchers-experiences-with-and-perceptions-of-research-data-sharing-results-of-a-cross-sectional-survey
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel G Hamilton, Matthew J Page, Sarah Everitt, Hannah Fraser, Fiona Fidler
BACKGROUND: Despite wide recognition of the benefits of sharing research data, public availability rates have not increased substantially in oncology or medicine more broadly over the last decade. METHODS: We surveyed 285 cancer researchers to determine their prior experience with sharing data and views on known drivers and inhibitors. RESULTS: We found that 45% of respondents had shared some data from their most recent empirical publication, with respondents who typically studied non-human research participants, or routinely worked with human genomic data, more likely to share than those who did not...
February 1, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38290700/identifying-the-factors-influencing-plagiarism-in-higher-education-an-evidence-based-review-of-the-literature
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raj Kishor Kampa, Dhirendra Kumar Padhan, Nalini Karna, Jayaram Gouda
The present study explores the major reasons for committing plagiarism, as reported in published literature. One hundred sixty-six peer-reviewed articles, which were retrieved from the Scopus database, were carefully examined to find out the research studies conducted to explore the most common reasons for academic cheating among students and researchers in different disciplines in higher education. A meta-analysis of collected literature reveals that 19 studies were conducted to identify the perceived reasons of committing plagiarism...
January 30, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38280193/keeping-the-health-of-our-home-planet-in-mind-as-we-do-research
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bor Luen Tang
Climate change stood out as an important ethical issue that is contemplated, at least among early-stage researchers, in Buedo and colleagues' collected views on ethical issues in preclinical research. It is about time that all scientists and researchers, young or old, to stand to be accountable for our contributions toward environmental crises in our work, and conversely to think about how these crises could be mitigated by our research.
January 27, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38265048/the-definition-of-research-misconduct-should-be-stated-in-the-abstract-when-reporting-research-on-research-misconduct
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rafael Dal-Ré, Ana Marušić
Research integrity is the cornerstone for a reliable and trustworthy science. Research misconduct is classically defined as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. To be considered as such, the action must have been committed with the intent to mislead or deceive. There are many other research misbehaviors such as duplication, fake-peer review or lack of disclosure of conflicts of interest, that are often included in the definition of research misconduct in codes, policies, and professional documents. The definition of research misconduct varies among countries and institutions, the seriousness and intentionality of the action...
January 24, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38235967/more-ethics-in-the-laboratory-please-scientists-perspectives-on-ethics-in-the-preclinical-phase
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paola Buedo, Eugenia Prieto, Jolanta Perek-Białas, Idalina Odziemczyk-Stawarz, Marcin Waligora
In recent years there have been calls to improve ethics in preclinical research. Promoting ethics in preclinical research should consider the perspectives of scientists. Our study aims to explore researchers' perspectives on ethics in the preclinical phase. Using interviews and focus groups, we collected views on ethical issues in preclinical research from experienced ( n  = 11) and early-stage researchers (ESRs) ( n  = 14) working in a gene therapy and regenerative medicine consortium...
January 18, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38164053/inverted-u-shaped-relationship-between-team-size-and-citation-impact-mediating-role-of-responsibility-diffusion
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yetong Gan, Jialin Liu, Yixuan Zhao, Mengxiao Zhu, Gaofeng Wang
Despite the increasing prominence of research collaboration, a growing number of studies have confirmed that increasing team size can have limited performance benefits. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon has yet to be established. This study, therefore, quantified responsibility diffusion based on author contribution information and explored its mediating role in the relationship between collaboration size and citation impact (citation count in a four-year window). The results show the following: (1) An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between team size and citation count...
January 2, 2024: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38146595/a-structural-equation-model-for-cyber-academic-dishonesty-in-higher-education-evidence-from-taiwan
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yao-Chung Cheng, Wei-Sho Ho, Shao-Hsun Chang, Kai-Chao Yao, Chih-Cheng Lo
With the continued spread of the rise of online teaching, and the massive use of 3C products (computer, communication, and consumer electronics), the cases of academic plagiarism or using others' works as own works caused by inappropriate use of the Internet are occurring all the time. However, very little research has been conducted on the cyber ethical climate in relation to cyber academic dishonesty. This study investigates the structural relationship between cyber ethical climate, cyber self-efficacy, cyber ethical attitude and cyber academic dishonesty, among university and graduate students, and develops a multiple mediation model...
December 26, 2023: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38117024/ten-years-later-assessments-of-the-integrity-of-publications-from-one-research-group-with-multiple-retractions
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew Grey, Alison Avenell, Mark J Bolland
When a research group has multiple retracted publications and/or research misconduct by a member is evident, there is a risk that its other publications are unreliable, so a comprehensive assessment of the group's publications is advisable. We analyzed the comprehensiveness of assessment of the integrity of 300 publications by a research group with numerous retractions and known research misconduct, for 292 of which we raised concerns to publishers and academic institutions between 3/2013 and 2/2020. By 4/2023, 91 (30%) publications had not been assessed by either publisher or academic institution...
December 20, 2023: Accountability in Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38108298/correlation-between-journal-metrics-based-academic-evaluation-and-researchers-ethics
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lidija Ivanović, Philipp Baaden, Miloš Jovanović, Dragan Ivanović
The "publish or perish" approach has become an integral part of an academic's life when seeking positions, striving for promotions, or competing for funding. This approach often hinges on journal-based metrics which push researchers to seek publication in journals indexed in the Web of Science. Due to the pressure to publish a certain number of publications in journals indexed in the Web of Science, researchers might attempt to find a journal with a lower impact factor, i.e., less popular and visible journals in the scientific community...
December 18, 2023: Accountability in Research
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