journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37524486/progress-in-the-development-of-kinase-inhibitors-for-treating-asthma-and-copd
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathaniel McClean, Jeffery D Hasday, Paul Shapiro
Current therapies to mitigate inflammatory responses involved in airway remodeling and associated pathological features of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited and largely ineffective. Inflammation and the release of cytokines and growth factors activate kinase signaling pathways that mediate changes in airway mesenchymal cells such as airway smooth muscle cells and lung fibroblasts. Proliferative and secretory changes in mesenchymal cells exacerbate the inflammatory response and promote airway remodeling, which is often characterized by increased airway smooth muscle mass, airway hyperreactivity, increased mucus secretion, and lung fibrosis...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37524485/targeting-the-renin-angiotensin-system-for-respiratory-diseases
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Phyllis X L Gan, W Liao, Kira M Linke, D Mei, X D Wu, W S Fred Wong
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an indispensable role in regulating blood pressure through its effects on fluid and electrolyte balance. As an aside, cumulative evidence from experimental to clinical studies supports the notion that dysregulation of RAS contributes to the pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and pro-fibrotic processes that occur in pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and acute lung injury (ALI). Pharmacological intervention of the various RAS components can be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these respiratory diseases...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37524484/genomic-and-non-genomic-effects-of-glucocorticoids-in-respiratory-diseases
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhao-Yong Lee, Thai Tran
Cortisol is an endogenous steroid hormone essential for the natural resolution of inflammation. Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) were developed and are currently amongst the most widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs in our modern clinical landscape owing to their potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the extent of GC's effects has yet to be fully elucidated. Indeed, GCs modulate a broad spectrum of cellular activity, from their classical regulation of gene expression to acute non-genomic mechanisms of action...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236767/preface
#24
EDITORIAL
Darryl C Zeldin, John M Seubert
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236766/the-role-of-oxylipins-in-nsaid-exacerbated-respiratory-disease-n-erd
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kimberley Cousins, Chien-Chang Chen, Esha Sehanobish, Elina Jerschow
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is characterized by nasal polyp formation, adult-onset asthma, and hypersensitivity to all cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. Oxygenated lipids are collectively known as oxylipins and are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) oxidation products. The most extensively researched oxylipins being the eicosanoids formed from arachidonic acid (AA). There are four major classes of eicosanoids including leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and lipoxins...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236765/role-of-omega-3-and-omega-6-endocannabinoids-in-cardiopulmonary-pharmacology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tiffany Y-C Tang, Justin S Kim, Aditi Das
Endocannabinoids are derived from dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and play an important role in regulation of inflammation, development, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. They elicit this effect via interactions with cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 which are also targeted by plant derived cannabinoid from cannabis. The evidence of the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in cardiopulmonary function comes from studies that show that cannabis consumption leads to cardiovascular effect such as arrythmia and is beneficial in lung cancer patients...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236764/role-of-cytochrome-p450-epoxygenase-and-soluble-epoxide-hydrolase-in-the-regulation-of-vascular-response
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammed A Nayeem, Werner J Geldenhuys, Ahmad Hanif
The role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase has been seen in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. The aberration in CYP450-epoxygenase genes occur due to genetic polymorphisms, aging, or environmental factors, that increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The actual role played by the CYP450-epoxygenases is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxyoctadecaenoic acid (EpOMEs) metabolites (oxylipins) and others, which is involved in vasodilation and myocardial-protection...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236763/lipid-mediators-generated-by-the-cytochrome-p450-epoxide-hydrolase-pathway
#28
REVIEW
Timo Frömel, Jiong Hu, Ingrid Fleming
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway generates a large number of biologically active epoxides and diols from a range of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). While epoxides of arachidonic acid or epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are probably the best studied of these mediators, epoxides of linoleic acid as well as the fish oils; docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid have also been attributed signaling actions. Cell and tissue levels of the PUFA epoxides are largely determined by the sEH and in many cases inflammation and chronic diseases, e...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236762/cytochrome-p450-derived-eicosanoids-in-brain-from-basic-discovery-to-clinical-translation
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine M Davis, Aseel H Ibrahim, Nabil J Alkayed
Cytochrome P450 metabolism of arachidonic acid produces epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETEs). Both classes of eicosanoids play important and opposing roles in brain function and disease. EETs promote vasodilation and exhibit antiinflammatory and cytoprotective properties; their biological action is blunted by metabolism to less active diols by the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). EETs levels are dysregulated in disease states, primarily due to increased activity of sEH. Inhibition of sEH is a promising therapeutic approach for multiple brain disorders including stroke, dementia, subarachnoid hemorrhage and epilepsy...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236761/insights-into-the-role-of-the-resolvin-d2-gpr18-signaling-axis-in-cardiovascular-physiology-and-disease
#30
REVIEW
Matthew Spite, Gabrielle Fredman
Non-resolving inflammation is an underpinning of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation is an active and highly coordinated process that involves the generation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), and other factors including proteins, gases, and nucleotides. SPMs comprise a superfamily of lipid mediators that includes lipoxins, resolvins, maresins and protectins. SPMs act through distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and have been extensively studied in animal models of cardiovascular diseases...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236760/20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic-acid-20-hete-bioactions-receptors-vascular-function-cardiometabolic-disease-and-beyond
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan V Pascale, Alexandra Wolf, Yonaton Kadish, Danielle Diegisser, Melissa-Maria Kulaprathazhe, Danait Yemane, Samir Ali, Namhee Kim, David E Baruch, Muhamad Afiq Faisal Yahaya, Ercument Dirice, Adeniyi M Adebesin, John R Falck, Michal L Schwartzman, Victor Garcia
Vascular function is dynamically regulated and dependent on a bevy of cell types and factors that work in concert across the vasculature. The vasoactive eicosanoid, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a key player in this system influencing the sensitivity of the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, regulating endothelial function, and influencing the renin angiotensin system (RAS), as well as being a driver of vascular remodeling independent of blood pressure elevations. Several of these bioactions are accomplished through the ligand-receptor pairing between 20-HETE and its high-affinity receptor, GPR75...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236759/cardioprotective-mechanisms-of-cytochrome-p450-derived-oxylipins-from-%C3%AF-3-and-%C3%AF-6-pufas
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christi Cho, Theresa Aliwarga, Alexandra M Wiley, Rheem A Totah
The seminal discovery that cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) can oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) sparked a new area of research aimed at discovering the role of these metabolites in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. CYPs metabolize arachidonic acid, an ω-6 PUFA, to alcohols and epoxides with the latter providing cardioprotection following myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy through their anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and antioxidant properties. Despite their protective properties, the use of EETs as therapeutic agents is hampered mainly by their rapid hydrolysis to less active vicinal diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236758/the-roles-of-eicosanoids-in-myocardial-diseases
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zuowen He, Dao Wen Wang
Myocardial disease, the abnormalities of the cardiac muscle, is the leading cause of death in humans. Eicosanoids represent a large spectrum of lipid mediators with critical roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Arachidonic acid (AA) is the major resource of eicosanoids and is metabolized via cyclooxygenases (COXs), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes producing a diverse family of lipid mediators called eicosanoids, including prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs)...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236757/cyclooxygenases-and-platelet-functions
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annalisa Bruno, Stefania Tacconelli, Annalisa Contursi, Patrizia Ballerini, Paola Patrignani
Cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes, i.e., COX-1 and COX-2, are encoded by separate genes and are involved in the generation of the same products, prostaglandin (PG)G2 and PGH2 from arachidonic acid (AA) by the COX and peroxidase activities of the enzymes, respectively. PGH2 is then transformed into prostanoids in a tissue-dependent fashion due to the different expression of downstream synthases. Platelets present almost exclusively COX-1, which generates large amounts of thromboxane (TX)A2 , a proaggregatory and vasoconstrictor mediator...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236756/bioactive-lipids-in-hypertension
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John D Imig
Hypertension is a major healthcare issue that afflicts one in every three adults worldwide and contributes to cardiovascular diseases, morbidity and mortality. Bioactive lipids contribute importantly to blood pressure regulation via actions on the vasculature, kidney, and inflammation. Vascular actions of bioactive lipids include blood pressure lowering vasodilation and blood pressure elevating vasoconstriction. Increased renin release by bioactive lipids in the kidney is pro-hypertensive whereas anti-hypertensive bioactive lipid actions result in increased sodium excretion...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36858781/preface
#36
EDITORIAL
Max Costa
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36858780/breast-carcinogenesis-induced-by-organophosphorous-pesticides
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gloria M Calaf
Breast cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death. The use of organophosphorous pesticides has increased in agricultural environments and urban settings, and there is evidence that estrogen may increase breast cancer risk in women. The mammary gland is an excellent model for examining its susceptibility to different carcinogenic agents due to its high cell proliferation capabilities associated with the topography of the mammary parenchyma and specific stages of gland development...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36858779/the-dark-side-of-nrf2-in-arsenic-carcinogenesis
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew Dodson, Jinjing Chen, Aryatara Shakya, Annadurai Anandhan, Donna D Zhang
Arsenic is an environmental toxicant that significantly enhances the risk of developing disease, including several cancers. While the epidemiological evidence supporting increased cancer risk due to chronic arsenic exposure is strong, therapies tailored to treat exposed populations are lacking. This can be accredited in large part to the chronic nature and pleiotropic pathological effects associated with prolonged arsenic exposure. Despite this fact, several putative mediators of arsenic promotion of cancer have been identified...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36858778/epigenomic-reprogramming-in-ias-mediated-carcinogenesis
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Smitha George, Richard N Cassidy, Wesley N Saintilnord, Yvonne Fondufe-Mittendorf
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metal carcinogen found in the Earth's crust. Millions of people worldwide are chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water and food. Exposure to inorganic arsenic has been implicated in many diseases ranging from acute toxicities to malignant transformations. Despite the well-known deleterious health effects of arsenic exposure, the molecular mechanisms in arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Since arsenic is non-mutagenic, the mechanism by which arsenic causes carcinogenesis is via alterations in epigenetic-regulated gene expression...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36858777/genetic-and-environmental-reprogramming-of-the-sarcoma-epigenome
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne Grand'Maison, Rachael Kohrn, Emmanuel Omole, Mahek Shah, Peter Fiorica, Jennie Sims, Joyce E Ohm
Sarcomas are rare and heterogenous mesenchymal tumors occurring in soft tissue and bone. The World Health Organization Classification of sarcomas comprises more than hundred different entities which are very diverse in their molecular, genetic and epigenetic signatures as they are in their clinical presentations and behaviors. While sarcomas can be associated with an underlying hereditary cancer predisposition, most sarcomas developed sporadically without identifiable cause. Sarcoma oncogenesis involves complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors which are intimately related and intensively studied...
2023: Advances in Pharmacology
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