Gillian R Bentley, Alejandra Núñez-de la Mora, Michele C Freed, Khurshida Begum, Shanthi Muttukrishna, Taniya Sharmeen, Lorna Murphy, Robert T Chatterton, Osul Chowdhury, Richard Gunu, Lynnette Leidy Sievert
Recent studies in social endocrinology have explored the effects of social relationships on female reproductive steroid hormones-estradiol and progesterone-investigating whether they are suppressed in partnered and parous women. Results have been mixed for these hormones although evidence is more consistent that partnered women and women with young children have lower levels of testosterone. These studies were sequential to earlier research on men, based on Wingfield's Challenge Hypothesis, which showed that men in committed relationships, or with young children, have lower levels of testosterone than unpartnered men or men with older or no children...
March 8, 2023: Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective