Journal of X-ray Science and Technology

PURPOSE: To compare image quality, iodine intake, and radiation dose in overweight and obese patients undergoing abdominal computed tomography (CT) enhancement using different scanning modes and contrast medium. METHODS: Ninety overweight and obese patients (25 kg/m2≤body mass index (BMI)<  30 kg/m2 and BMI≥30 kg/m2) who underwent abdominal CT-enhanced examinations were randomized into three groups (A, B, and C) of 30 each and scanned using gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) +320 mgI/ml, 100 kVp + 370 mgI/ml, and 120 kVp + 370 mgI/ml, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Dental health issues are on the rise, necessitating prompt and precise diagnosis. Automated dental condition classification can support this need. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning methods and multimodal feature fusion techniques in advancing the field of automated dental condition classification. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A dataset of 11,653 clinically sourced images representing six prevalent dental conditions-caries, calculus, gingivitis, tooth discoloration, ulcers, and hypodontia-was utilized...

PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the dosimetry and treatment efficiency of TaiChiB-based Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) plans applying to treat two-lung lesions with one overlapping organs at risk. METHODS: For four retrospective patients diagnosed with two-lung lesions each patient, four treatment plans were designed including Plan Edge, TaiChiB linac-based, RGS-based, and a linac-RGS hybrid (Plan TCLinac, Plan TCRGS, and Plan TCHybrid). Dosimetric metrics and beam-on time were employed to evaluate and compare the TaiChiB-based plans against Plan Edge...

BACKGROUND: The environmental impact on industrial X-ray tomography systems has gained its attention in terms of image precision and metrology over recent years, yet is still complex due to the variety of applications. OBJECTIVE: The current study explores the photothermal repercussions of the overall radiation exposure time. It shows the emerging dimensional uncertainty when measuring a stainless steel sphere by means of circular tomography scans. METHODS: The authors develop a novel frame difference method for X-ray radiographies to evaluate the spatial changes induced in the projected absorption maps on the X-ray panel...

AIM: This study assessed the myocardial infarction (MI) using a novel fusion approach (multi-flavored or tensor-based) of multi-parametric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) at four sequences; T1-weighted (T1W) in the axial plane, sense-balanced turbo field echo (sBTFE) in the axial plane, late gadolinium enhancement of heart short axis (LGE-SA) in the sagittal plane, and four-chamber views of LGE (LGE-4CH) in the axial plane. METHODS: After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 115 patients (83 with MI diagnosis and 32 as healthy control patients), were included in the present study...

OBJECTIVE: It seems that dose rate (DR) and photon beam energy (PBE) may influence the sensitivity and response of polymer gel dosimeters. In the current project, the sensitivity and response dependence of optimized PASSAG gel dosimeter (OPGD) on DR and PBE were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We fabricated the OPGD and the gel samples were irradiated with various DRs and PBEs. Then, the sensitivity and response (R2) of OPGD were obtained by MRI at various doses and post-irradiation times...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been applied to various medical tasks and produced encouraging results. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of deep RL for denoising simulated deep-silicon photon-counting CT (PCCT) data in both full and interior scan modes. PCCT offers higher spatial and spectral resolution than conventional CT, requiring advanced denoising methods to suppress noise increase. METHODS: In this work, we apply a dueling double deep Q network (DDDQN) to denoise PCCT data for maximum contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and a multi-agent approach to handle data non-stationarity...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness. However, because the data distribution of classes is not always balanced, it is challenging for automated early DR detection using deep learning techniques. In this paper, we propose an adaptive weighted ensemble learning method for DR detection based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Specifically, we develop an ensemble learning model based on three advanced deep learning models for higher performance. To better utilize the cues implied in these base models, a novel decision fusion scheme is proposed based on the Bayesian theory in terms of the key evaluation indicators, to dynamically adjust the weighting distribution of base models to alleviate the negative effects potentially caused by the problem of unbalanced data size...

Accurate segmentation of industrial CT images is of great significance in industrial fields such as quality inspection and defect analysis. However, reconstruction of industrial CT images often suffers from typical metal artifacts caused by factors like beam hardening, scattering, statistical noise, and partial volume effects. Traditional segmentation methods are difficult to achieve precise segmentation of CT images mainly due to the presence of these metal artifacts. Furthermore, acquiring paired CT image data required by fully supervised networks proves to be extremely challenging...

 Breast cancer is one of the cancers with high morbidity and mortality in the world, which is a serious threat to the health of women. With the development of deep learning, the recognition about computer-aided diagnosis technology is getting higher and higher. And the traditional data feature extraction technology has been gradually replaced by the feature extraction technology based on convolutional neural network which helps to realize the automatic recognition and classification of pathological images...

In the medical field, computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used examination method, but the radiation generated increases the risk of illness in patients. Therefore, low-dose scanning schemes have attracted attention, in which noise reduction is essential. We propose a purposeful and interpretable decomposition iterative network (DISN) for low-dose CT denoising. This method aims to make the network design interpretable and improve the fidelity of details, rather than blindly designing or using deep CNN architecture...

The time response characteristic of the detector is crucial in radiation imaging systems. Unfortunately, existing parallel plate ionization chamber detectors have a slow response time, which leads to blurry radiation images. To enhance imaging quality, the electrode structure of the detector must be modified to reduce the response time. This paper proposes a gas detector with a grid structure that has a fast response time. In this study, the detector electrostatic field was calculated using COMSOL, while Garfield++ was utilized to simulate the detector's output signal...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of body composition changes (BCC) measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for evaluating the survival of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), nomograms combined BCC with clinical prognostic factors (CPF) were constructed to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with LACC were retrospectively selected...

In the X-ray single-grating imaging system, the acquisition of frequency information is the key step of phase-contrast and scattering information recovery. In the process of information extraction, it is easy to lead to the degradation of imaging quality due to the Moire Artifact, thus limiting the development and application of X-ray single-grating imaging system. In order to address the above problems, in this article, based on the theoretical analysis of the generation principle of Moire Artifact in imaging system, the advantages and disadvantages of grating rotation method are analyzed, and a method of suppressing Moire artifacts by adjusting grating projection frequency is proposed...

OBJECTIVE: Try to create a dose gradient function (DGF) and test its effectiveness in reducing radiation induced lung injury in breast cancer radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiotherapy plans of 30 patients after breast-conserving surgery were included in the study. The dose gradient function was defined as DGH=VDVp3, then the area under the DGF curve of each plan was calculated in rectangular coordinate system, and the minimum area was used as the trigger factor, and other plans were triggered to optimize for area reduction...

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 is a serious and highly contagious disease caused by infection with a newly discovered virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVE: A Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system to assist physicians to diagnose Covid-19 from chest Computed Tomography (CT) slices is modelled and experimented. METHODS: The lung tissues are segmented using Otsu's thresholding method. The Covid-19 lesions have been annotated as the Regions of Interest (ROIs), which is followed by texture and shape extraction...

BACKGROUND: In many developing countries, a significant number of breast cancer patients are unable to receive timely treatment due to a large population base, high patient numbers, and limited medical resources. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes a breast cancer assisted diagnosis system based on electronic medical records. The goal of this system is to address the limitations of existing systems, which primarily rely on structured electronic records and may miss crucial information stored in unstructured records...

BACKGROUND: To reduce radiation dose and subsequent risks, several legislative documents in different countries describe the need for Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). Spinal radiography is a common and high-dose examination. Therefore, the aim of this work was to establish the DRL for Computed Tomography (CT) examinations of the spine in healthcare institutions across Jordan. METHODS: Data was retrieved from the picture archiving and communications system (PACS), which included the CT Dose Index (CTDI (vol) ) and Dose Length Product (DLP)...

BACKGROUND: The gangue content in coal seriously affects the calorific value produced by its combustion. In practical applications, gangue in coal needs to be completely separated. The pseudo-dual-energy X-ray method does not have high sorting accuracy. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to propose a novel multi-dimensional coal and gangue X-ray sorting algorithm based on CdZnTe photon counting detectors to solve the problem of coal and gangue sorting by X-ray. METHODS: This complete algorithm includes five steps: (1) Preferred energy bins, (2) transmittance sorting, (3) one-dimensional R-value sorting, (4) two-dimensional R-value sorting, and (5) three-dimensional R-value sorting...

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