Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging : TMRI

BACKGROUND: Skeletal bone age assessment for medical reasons is usually performed by conventional x-ray with use of ionizing radiation. Few pilot studies have shown the possible use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PURPOSE: To comprehensively evaluate feasibility and value of MRI for skeletal bone age (SBA) assessment in healthy male children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 63 male soccer athletes with mean age of 12...

This report presents imaging from a mediastinal mass in a patient with colon cancer. At baseline and surveillance chest computed tomography examinations, it was characterized as a pericardial cyst. However, during chemotherapy, complications arose and this mass was further characterized with a chest MRI. It was then decided to be removed, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a hemangioma.

This report presents imaging from a mediastinal mass in a patient with colon cancer. At baseline and surveillance chest computed tomography examinations, it was characterized as a pericardial cyst. However, during chemotherapy, complications arose and this mass was further characterized with a chest MRI. It was then decided to be removed, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a hemangioma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare observer confidence for myocardial scar detection using 3 different late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) data sets by 2 observers with different levels of experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one consecutive patients, who were referred for 3D dark-blood LGE MRI before implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation or ablation therapy and who underwent 2D bright-blood LGE MRI within a time frame of 3 months, were prospectively included...

Functional 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) is a derivative of dynamic MRS imaging. This modality links physiologic metabolic responses with available activity and measures absolute or relative concentrations of various metabolites. According to clinical evidence, the mitochondrial glycolysis pathway is disrupted in many nervous system disorders, especially Alzheimer disease, resulting in the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and an increased rate of lactate production. Our study evaluates fMRS with J-editing as a cutting-edge technique to detect lactate in Alzheimer disease...

Functional 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) is a derivative of dynamic MRS imaging. This modality links physiologic metabolic responses with available activity and measures absolute or relative concentrations of various metabolites. According to clinical evidence, the mitochondrial glycolysis pathway is disrupted in many nervous system disorders, especially Alzheimer disease, resulting in the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and an increased rate of lactate production. Our study evaluates fMRS with J-editing as a cutting-edge technique to detect lactate in Alzheimer disease...

PURPOSE: Previous work used phantoms to calibrate the nonlinear relationship between the gadolinium contrast concentration and the intensity of the magnetic resonance imaging signal. This work proposes a new nonlinear calibration procedure without phantoms and considers the variation of contrast agent mass minimum combined with the multiple input blood flow system. This also proposes a new single-input method with meaningful variables that is not influenced by reperfusion or noise generated by aliasing...

In this case report we describe the case of a 66-year old man with subacute gait difficulties, with a progression to confusion coma with multiple generalised epileptic seizures during the following days. Biochemical analysis showed hyperglycaemia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing showed a mild lymphocytic pleocytosis and an elevated protein and lactate. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and antiviral therapy where initiated. However, all other CSF testing remained negative. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed remarkably symmetric hyperintense T2 white matter lesions most noticable in the corpus callosum...

OBJECTIVES: 7T small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to analyze the growth characteristics of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). METHODS: A mouse model of HAE was established by intraperitoneal injection of alveolar Echinococcus tissue suspension. Ten mouse models successfully inoculated by ultrasound screening were selected. The mouse model was scanned with T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence by 7T small animal MRI...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: Diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful as part of a postmortem magnetic resonance imaging protocol. However, apart from the effect of temperature on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), normal postmortem ADC changes can influence the interpretation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between normal ADC changes and postmortem intervals (PMIs) and develop a reference standard for postmortem changes after temperature correction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six premature lambs were scanned at different PMIs...

Recent advances in technology, particularly in the field of magnetic resonance imaging, have brought forth new sequences, including vessel wall imaging (VWI). Traditionally, the workup for intracranial vascular pathology has always turned to luminal imaging using computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or digital subtraction angiography. Since its introduction, VWI has enabled researchers and practicing clinicians to better understand disease processes and manage patients to the best standard of care possible...

OBJECTIVES: Automated whole brain segmentation from magnetic resonance images is of great interest for the development of clinically relevant volumetric markers for various neurological diseases. Although deep learning methods have demonstrated remarkable potential in this area, they may perform poorly in nonoptimal conditions, such as limited training data availability. Manual whole brain segmentation is an incredibly tedious process, so minimizing the data set size required for training segmentation algorithms may be of wide interest...

OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in postmortem fetal imaging. Several factors influence the quality of MRI in this setting, such as small size, autolytic and maceration changes, and temperature. Knowing the fetal temperature at the time of scanning can improve the MRI interpretation. Temperature can be calculated using diffusion-weighted imaging with measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, this is complicated by small ventricle size and hemorrhage and, therefore, may be unreliable in postmortem imaging...

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BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) allows noninvasive assessment of intracranial tumor mechanics and may thus be predictive of intraoperative conditions. Variations in the use of technical terms complicate reading of current literature, and there is need of a review using consolidated nomenclature. OBJECTIVES: We present an overview of current literature on MRE relating to human intracranial neoplasms using standardized nomenclature suggested by the MRE guidelines committee...

We present a patient with history of systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with acute chest pain. Electrocardiography, invasive coronary angiography, and cardiac MRI were performed during the course of her evaluation. Invasive coronary angiography demonstrated obstructive disease in the diagonal system and cardiovascular MRI confirmed an anterior infarct consistent with the electrocardiographic findings. However, MRI also revealed focal inferoseptal hypoperfusion inconsistent with electrocardiographic and angiographic findings...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The diagnosis of childhood arteriopathy is complex. We present a Web-based, evidence-backed classification system to return the most likely cause(s) of a pediatric arterial ischemic stroke. This tool incorporates a decision-making algorithm that considers a patient's clinical and imaging features before returning a differential diagnosis, including the likelihood of various arteriopathy subtypes. METHODS: The Vascular Effects of Infection in Pediatric Stroke study prospectively enrolled 355 children with arterial ischemic stroke (2010-2014)...