Journal of Chemotherapy

The low survival rate of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) underscores the critical need for innovative therapeutic agents. While the pharmacokinetics of HDACis have been documented in several hematological neoplasms, there is a notable gap in research regarding their activity against ATL. Given that hypoxia can induce unpredictable effects on lymphoma cells, this study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of MS-275 and novel analogs on ATL cells in hypoxic condition for the first time. Protein-protein interaction and gene set enrichment analyses were performed, the expression of HIF1A and downstream targets were assessed, and molecular docking was conducted on MS-275 and novel analogs with HIF-1α...

The effectiveness of vonoprazan (VPZ)-based regimens in enhancing Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication rates is promising. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of 14-day VPZ-based triple therapy in obese patients infected with HP. A total of 200 obese patients with gastric disorders, confirmed to be HP-positive via gastroscopy and the 13 C urea breath test, were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 118 patients received the 14-day VPZ-based triple regimen (Study group), while 82 patients were treated with the traditional 14-day bismuth-containing proton pump inhibitor-based quadruple regimen (Control group)...

A two-compartmental mathematical pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination of patients receiving CAPD of 4 exchanges for 6 h with 2 L of dialysate used in each cycle was developed to predict daptomycin disposition in 120 h of therapy. The pharmacodynamic target was plasma AUC/MIC equal to or greater than 666. The dose that achieved at least 90% of the probability of target attainment was defined as an optimal dose. Administering intraperitoneal 300 mg daily for 1 exchange daily regimen would be sufficient to treat peritonitis with S...

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associated factors of poor nutrition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after chemotherapy. Concretely, 176 NSCLC patients who attended our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled. Standard-compliant patients were categorized into nutrition group ( n  = 38) and malnutrition group ( n  = 70) according to different nutrition statuses. Baseline characteristics and nutrition level were assessed. Associated factors of poor nutrition were analyzed by logistic regression analysis...

The rapid rise of nosocomial infections and the growing ineffectiveness of frontline antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have put the healthcare sector under unprecedented stress. In this scenario, colistin, an antibiotic of the polymyxin class, has become the last resort treatment option. However, the unrestricted use of colistin in the preceding decades has led to the emergence of colistin-resistant (ColR ) bacterial strains. Unfortunately, comprehensive data on the prevalence of ColR nosocomial pathogens in India are scarce...

To assess the association between the timing of postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was done for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies (cohort studies, case-control studies), reporting outcomes of adult PC patients (aged 18 and above) who underwent surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy at different time points after the operation...

Better in vitro models are needed to identify active drugs to treat pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) patients. We used 3D hanging drop cultures to produce spheroids from five PAC cell lines and tested nine FDA-approved drugs in clinical use. All PAC cell lines in 2D culture were sensitive to three drugs (gemcitabine, docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel), however most PAC (4/5) 3D spheroids acquired profound chemoresistance even at 10 µM. In contrast, spheroids retained sensitivity to the investigational drug triptolide, which induced apoptosis...

Triciribine (TCN) is a tricyclic nucleoside. Its synthesis was first described in 1971. Subsequent studies have indicated that TCN plays a role in inhibiting DNA synthesis and was revealed to possess a higher selectivity for Akt. Although a single dose of TCN demonstrated limited activity in solid tumors at the clinical level, combinations of TCN with various agents, such as specific inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, ErbB inhibitor tipifarnib, IGF1-R inhibitor NVP-AEW541, mTORC1 inhibitor RAD-001, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, PPARγ agonist, 1,25(OH)2D3, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel, have been reported to be efficient against various malignancies such as pancreatic, breast, prostate cancer, insulinoma, gut neuroendocrine tumor, and hepatocellular carcinoma at the preclinical level...

Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (non-ccRCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease group, accounting for approximately 25% of all RCC cases. Due to its rarity and especially heterogeneity, phase III trial data is limited and treatment options generally follow those of clear cell RCC. In the literature, there exists a number of studies with sunitinib, cabozantinib, and everolimus, but data on the efficacy of pazopanib are limited. Our aim in this study was to compare the efficacy of pazopanib and sunitinib, in a multicenter retrospective cohort of non-ccRCC patients...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death, and about 10% of all malignancies are CRC. Cancer stem cells are considered main culprits in CRC treatment resistance and disease recurrence. This study explored the effects of tripartite motif containing 24 (TRIM24) and zinc finger protein, X-linked (ZFX) on CRC cell stemness and 5-FU resistance. A 5-FU-resistant cell line (HT29-5-FU) was constructed for functional analysis of CRC 5-FU-resistant cells. qRT-PCR and western blot (WB) were employed to analyze mRNA and protein levels of ZFX in 5-FU resistant cells and sensitive cells...

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly in patients who exhibit stable disease (SD) following first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anlotinib, a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as maintenance therapy in this patient cohort. This retrospective, single-center study enrolled patients with advanced NSCLC who showed SD after receiving a combination of first-line chemo-immunotherapy for 4 cycles, then add anlotinib to subsequent standard maintenance therapy, continuing treatment until disease progression or the occurrence of intolerable toxic side effects...

Ganciclovir, a guanine analogue, is used intravenously (IV) first-line for the prophylaxis and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in solid organ transplant recipients. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of ganciclovir are highly variable, with myelosuppression occurring at high concentrations. Ganciclovir is primarily renally excreted as the parent compound, and clearance is significantly reduced in renal impairment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common post-operative complication of cardiac transplantation, reducing the clearance of ganciclovir...

The area under the curve (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio was used as an indicator of the clinical efficacy of vancomycin. However, the target AUC/MIC has not been set for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CNS), and the effectiveness of vancomycin in strains with high MIC is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the vancomycin MIC and therapeutic efficacy in patients with MR-CNS bacteremia. The primary outcome was the difference in treatment failure rate when the MR-CNS vancomycin MIC was 1 or 2 µg/mL...

We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate neurological toxicities with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in cancer patients. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 1 January 2000 to 1 November 2023. Forty-six RCTs and 9529 patients were included. PARPis could increase the risk of all-grade headache [risk ratio (RR), 1.22; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.14-1.30; P  < 0.00001], dizziness (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.28-1.53; P  < 0...

New therapies and vaccines changed the management of COVID-19. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe characteristics, in-hospital mortality and its predictors in patients with moderate/severe COVID-19, considering the 4 different pandemic waves and viral variants' prevalence from February 2020 to January 2022. Among 1135 patients included, 873 (77%) had at least one comorbidity, 177 (16%) were immunocompromised. From waves 1 to 4, patients with severe respiratory failure and ICU admission decreased over time ( p  < 0...

To assess the efficacy and safety of capecitabine in treating advanced colon cancer. Patients with advanced colon cancer were randomized into three groups: control group ( n  = 50, daily dose 2,500 mg/m2 ), the medium-dose group ( n  = 50, daily dose 2,000 mg/m2 ), and the low-dose group ( n  = 50, daily dose 1,500 mg/m2 ) capecitabine for 4 cycles(12 weeks). Afterwards, the response rate, quality of life, and adverse reactions of the three groups were collected for comparison...

Our study was carried out to define the efficacy of treatment with sequential chemotherapy lines in patients with epithelioid sarcoma (ES) at referral centres for sarcoma. From 1998 to 2023, 22 patients with ES were treated with chemotherapy and included in the analysis. The median age at the start of palliative treatment was 35 (20-68). The median follow-up was 22.1 months. In the first line, 13 patients (59%) received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and 6 (27%) high-dose ifosfamide. One patient (4...

We analyzed the efficacy and safety of aminoglycosides in a retrospective study of 415 patients with acute appendicitis and 277 patients with acute cholecystitis. The following variables increased the incidence of postoperative complications, defined as surgical site infection, recurrent intraabdominal infection, non-infectious post-operative complication, or death: age ( p  = 0.016 and 0.011), kidney disease ( p  = 0.019 and <0.001), and ASA Score ( p  < 0.001)...

Guidelines historically recommended mono-chemotherapy for the 1st line treatment of elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and poor performance status (PS). Nowadays, there is no clear indication whether chemo-immunotherapy (chemo-IO) combinations can be effectively delivered in this population. We collected induction chemotherapy data in consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with carboplatin-based chemotherapy regimens plus pembrolizumab, to compute the received dose intensity (RDI) from standard regimens or patient-tailored regimens modified due to age, comorbidities and PS...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.