Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry

SIGNIFICANCE: Automated eye tracking could be used to evaluate saccade performance of patients with concussion history, providing quantitative insights about the degree of oculomotor impairment and potential vision rehabilitation strategies for this patient population. PURPOSE: To evaluate the saccade performance of patients with concussion history based on automated eye-tracking test results. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with concussion history, primarily from sports participation, who underwent oculomotor testing based on an eye-tracking technology at the Duke Eye Center vision rehabilitation clinic between June 30, 2017 and January 10, 2022...

SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show significant diurnal variations in accommodative function and the magnitude of the phoria. Therefore, when comparing visual measures in clinical or laboratory settings, performing the visual examination at the same time of day (±1 h) is encouraged. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accommodation, binocular vergence, and pupil behavior on three different times during the day. METHODS: Twenty collegiate students (22...

SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the importance of twilight adaptation for reliable assessment of low-luminance visual acuity and understanding the relationship between low-luminance visual acuity and ocular aberrations. PURPOSE: The human eye experiences reduced visual acuity as luminance decreases owing to reduced retinal and optical resolutions; however, the details are unclear. This study aimed to quantify the effects of refraction, pupil diameter, and ocular aberrations on visual acuity during the transition from high- to low light environments, thereby contributing to the standardization of low-luminance visual acuity measurements...

SIGNIFICANCE: This case series will be the first to illustrates mixed infection from Pythium sp. and fungal species in corneal ulcer. PURPOSE: This case series is aimed to alert all towards the possibility of both Pythium sp. and fungal species infection in case of non-responding corneal ulcer treated with either antifungals or anti-pythium drugs alone. Increased suspicion of mixed infection in case of non-responding fungal/pythium keratitis may facilitate early and prompt management...

SIGNIFICANCE: Determining the anatomic location of insult in cases of concurrent bilateral upgaze palsy with bilateral ptosis can be challenging due to the various overlapping pathways and shared functions. It is more commonly related to bilateral oculomotor nerve palsies and myasthenia gravis. However, the possibility of unilateral cerebrovascular events may be overlooked due to the lack of laterality of disease manifestations. PURPOSE: This report documents the uncommon presentation of bilateral ptosis and upgaze palsy in unilateral hemispheric hemorrhage with the corresponding clinical and anatomical review...

SIGNIFICANCE: Technology plays a crucial role in customizing scleral lenses and improving lens alignment, especially in challenging scleral shapes. Additionally, remote fitting technology allows optometrists to extend their expertise globally, empowering patients to access to customized lenses without travel expenses. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to document the difficulties encountered in fitting a scleral lens in a patient with keratoconus and pronounced scleral toricity...

SIGNIFICANCE: The Waggoner PIP24 (W-PIP24) is a pseudoisochromatic test with a pattern similar to the Ishihara test. This study determined that the W-PIP24 can be used clinically to yield screening results (or sensitivity and specificity) comparable to the Ishihara. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether the W-PIP24 is equivalent to the Ishihara 38 edition pseudoisochromatic test in detecting red-green color vision defects. Also, the performance of each plate of the W-PIP24 in detecting the color vision defects relative to the Ishihara test was determined...

SIGNIFICANCE: Stakeholder engagement has been identified by national health organizations as a crucial step to successful translation of new healthcare treatments. In this clinical report, clinician-stakeholder feedback is presented for the Magnetic Levator Prosthesis (MLP), a promising non-invasive spectacle device which restores eyelid motility with magnetic force. PURPOSE: To evaluate MLP clinical need and translational barriers. METHODS: Ten vision rehabilitation optometrists who attended an educational presentation on the MLP and participated in a hands-on workshop in the fitting of a patient were invited to complete an anonymous online survey...

SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides information about the repeatability of Myopia Master and its agreement with Lenstar LS900, which might be useful for the practitioners involved in myopia management. PURPOSE: Myopia Master is a new optical biometer that measures ocular biometry and refractive error. The purpose of this study is to assess its repeatability (intra-session and short-term inter-session) and its agreement with Lenstar LS900 for the measurement of axial length and corneal curvature...

SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a new method to measure the refractive index of crystalline lens in the human eye in vivo. PURPOSE: Accessing the refractive index of crystalline lenses in the human eye in vivo has long been a challenge. This study aimed to measure the refractive index of a lens in vivo using an anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) system combined with a Scheimpflug imaging system. METHOD: A ray-traceable Scheimpflug imaging was developed and integrated into an AS-OCT system...

SIGNIFICANCE: Some patients show poor visual outcomes following Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty. In such cases, secondary Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty can be performed to achieve complete visual recovery. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a valuable tool for the follow-up of posterior lamellar keratoplasty outcomes and complications. PURPOSE: This study aims to report the clinical outcome of secondary Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty for managing poor visual results in a patient with graft failure after a previous Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, highlighting the importance of AS-OCT in the follow-up of endothelial keratoplasty...

SIGNIFICANCE: This study found that the unique properties of tear film break-up process in eyes with pterygium, which, combined with ocular surface parameters, further revealed specific dynamic mechanism. It suggested the thickness of pterygium was especially valuable in deciding the necessity of surgical management. PURPOSE: To explore the dynamics mechanism of tear film instability in eyes with pterygium. METHODS: A paired-eye controlled cross-sectional study...

SIGNIFICANCE: Keratometry and pachymetry are important for diagnosis and monitoring of keratoconus. Many corneal imaging units exist but comparison to determine repeatability and agreement are paramount for adequate keratoconus management in primary and secondary care. PURPOSE: To evaluate the repeatability and agreement of a Placido disc-based videokeratoscope (Medmont-E300 topographer) used in primary care with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Revo-NX) and Scheimpflug corneal tomography (Pentacam-AXL) in secondary-care...

Exposure to long-wavelength light has been proposed as a potential intervention to slow myopia progression in children. This article provides an evidence-based review of the safety and myopia control efficacy of red light and discusses the potential mechanisms by which red light may work to slow childhood myopia progression.The spectral composition of the ambient light in the visual environment has powerful effects on eye growth and refractive development. Studies in mammalian and primate animal models (macaque monkeys and tree shrews) have shown that daily exposure to long wavelength (red or amber) light promotes slower eye growth and hyperopia development and inhibits myopia induced by form deprivation or minus lens wear...

SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, novel refraction and lens manufacturing technology claims to provide more efficient, higher-resolution refractions and resulting lenses. It is unclear, however, if these benefits are realized and appreciated by the patient. PURPOSE: This study investigated benefits and drawbacks of high-resolution refraction technology over standard, specifically in terms of the refraction, glasses prescription, and participant's perceptions of the technology...

SIGNIFICANCE: The Global Myopia Prevalence and International Levels of Education (MILE) study models national trends in educational performance with myopia prevalence in children; it examines the association of near work with myopia in the form of an ecologic analysis, and also discusses how this may relate to educational frameworks. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between myopia prevalence and national educational performance. METHODS: The prevalence of myopia in the 15-to-19-year age group in 35 regions was obtained from a meta-analysis by Holden et al...

SIGNIFICANCE: Systemic thromboembolic complications are well documented to be associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however, there has been a growing number of reports regarding ocular complications stemming from COVID-19 vaccinations. This case illustrates a clear temporal and possible causal relationship of COVID-19 vaccination with an ocular microvascular disorder, namely retinal vein occlusion. PURPOSE: To report a case of inferotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination...

SIGNIFICANCE: Dry eye disease causes ocular pain, blurred vision, reduced visual quality of life, and reduced workplace performance. This disease is underreported and underdiagnosed despite being highly prevalent in optometric care. PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the vision-related quality of life of dry eye disease patients and the potential benefits of screening for dry eye disease in Norwegian optometric practice. METHODS: This study adopted an observational, prospective, cross-sectional design...

SIGNIFICANCE: The advancing age of the population will require increased access to eyecare services to manage eye diseases and vision correction. Optometric education requires a sound financial plan to manage student debt. This study evaluates the financial inequalities of optometric programs in Canada, and how this may impact the provision of eyecare professionals. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the financial inequities in Optometric education in Canada from the 2020 graduating class...

SIGNIFICANCE: Carotid disease contributes to 15-20% of all ischemic strokes, one of the leading causes of permanent disabilities and mortality globally. With its growing prevalence and the inflicted disability rates, screening for anomalies that precede the onset of its serious complications is of crucial global significance. PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between retinal and choroidal perfusion changes with the degree of stenosis using quantitative Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis...