Journal of Clinical Dentistry

OBJECTIVES: An in vitro study was performed to detect occlusal caries lesions of extracted permanent human molars by electrical conductance measurement with the Ortek ECD™ electronic device, and each tooth was sectioned and biopsied to validate and evaluate results. METHODS: Thirty-nine permanent molars were extracted. Thirteen were freshly erupted and had little opportunity to develop lesions. Twenty-six were in the mouth longer and likely to be carious. After extraction and storage in a mild disinfectant, each tooth was thoroughly rinsed with distilled water and positioned upright to enable its electrical conductance measurement...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of three tongue hygiene regimens on oral malodor. METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized, parallel design study with three treatment groups. Subjects were randomly assigned to perform tongue hygiene with either the Philips Sonicare TongueCare+ BreathRx regimen (STC), Listerine Cool Mint antiseptic rinse (LCM), or tongue brushing with an ADA reference manual toothbrush (MTB). Tooth brushing was standardized for all subjects during the study period, and no other oral or breath hygiene measures were allowed...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush on gingivitis and plaque following two and four weeks of home use. METHODS: This was a randomized, parallel-design, single-blind clinical trial. Eligible participants were generally healthy non-smoking manual toothbrush users aged 18-65 years, with a plaque score of = 1.8 per Lobene and Soparkar Modified Plaque Index (MPI) following a 3-6 hour plaque accumulation period, and mild to moderate gingivitis defined as a Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) = 1 on at least 20 sites...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of powered and manual tooth brushing on plaque and gingivitis following two and six weeks of home use. METHODS: This was a randomized, three-arm, parallel-design clinical trial. Eligible participants were manual toothbrush users who were generally healthy non-smokers, aged 18-65 years, with a plaque score of = 1.8 per Lobene and Soparkar Modified Plaque Index (MPI), and mild to moderate gingivitis, defined as a Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) = 1 on at least 20 sites...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of the Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Smart and Oral-B Genius 8000 powered toothbrushes on gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and supragingival plaque reduction following 42 days of home use. METHODS: This was a randomized, parallel, examiner-blinded, prospective clinical trial with two treatment groups. Eligible participants were generally healthy volunteers who were manual toothbrush users, non-flossers, 18-65 years of age. The subject panel included non-smokers with = 50 sites of gingival bleeding according to the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and a supragingival plaque score of = 1...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two home use oral hygiene regimens on plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding on subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. METHODS: This was a randomized, parallel, single-center clinical trial. Eligible study subjects fit the following profile: age 12-65 years; nonsmoker; plaque score of = 2.0 per Bonded Bracket Index (BBI) on dentition with fixed orthodontic hardware; minimum of 10 orthodontic brackets in each arch or on all teeth from first molar to first molar; presenting with mild to moderate gingivitis, defined as a score of = 1 on at least 20 sites per Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI)...

OBJECTIVES: To develop a transferable, simple screening method to evaluate the effect of pH of oral care products on oral hard tissues. METHODS: The method reported here is based on the assessment of oral hard surface changes produced by oral care products measured via Vickers Surface Microhardness (SMH). Two variations of this screening test method were developed, one including the use of salivary pellicle and human teeth and a second using bovine substrates with artificial saliva...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar-free tablets containing sodium tripolyphosphate 2% or sodium tripolyphosphate 0.65%, compared to a no-tablet control in preventing the formation of extrinsic stains over a 12- week period of regular unsupervised use preserving daily oral hygiene with dentifrice and usual tooth brushing. METHODS: This was a single-center, examiner-blind, randomized, 12-week crossover clinical trial...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the use of a manual toothbrush plus water flosser to a manual toothbrush alone on clinical signs of inflammation. METHODS: Seventy-two subjects were randomized into two groups and completed this four-week, single-blind, parallel, clinical trial. Group 1 used a Waterpik®Water Flosser (WF) once daily and brushed with a manual toothbrush twice a day. Group 2 brushed twice a day with a manual toothbrush only (MT)...

OBJECTIVES: This randomized, examiner-blind, crossover clinical study compared the plaque removal efficacy of three experimental toothpastes containing 20%, 35%, and 50% w/w sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) with commercial toothpastes containing 67% and 0% w/w NaHCO3 (positive and negative controls, respectively). METHODS: Fifty-six adults with a mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TPI) score of = 2.00 at screening and at the first treatment visit (pre-brushing) were randomized to a supervised single, timed (one minute) brushing with a 0%, 20%, 35%, 50%, or 67% w/w NaHCO3-containingtoothpaste...

OBJECTIVES: Denture adhesives can improve function, retention, stability, and bite force in well-fitting dentures. This single-center, randomized, five-arm, examiner-blind, crossover clinical study aimed to compare three experimental adhesives ("Adhesive 1," "Adhesive 2," "Adhesive 3") with slightly different formulations and a commercially marketed "Positive control" with a "No Adhesive" arm using incisal bite force measurements over 12 hours in subjects with a moderately well- to well-fitting maxillary denture...

OBJECTIVES: These studies aimed to assess the short-term (12-hour, single use) and long-term (four weeks, continuous use) efficacy of a new Dual Zinc plus Arginine dentifrice against intra-oral halitosis versus a negative control. METHODS: Two clinical studies were conducted to assess the dentifrice: a four-week, continuous use parallel design versus a negative control and a single use crossover design versus a negative control. Both studies used organoleptic and hedonic odor judge scores measured 12 hours overnight after product use as the primary efficacy variable...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this independent, double-blind clinical study was to assess the efficacy of a new Dual Zinc plus Arginine dentifrice (Colgate-Palmolive Co., New York, NY, USA) containing zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate) 0.96%, 1.5% arginine, and 1450 ppm F as sodium fluoride in a silica base for the 12-hour overnight oral malodor reduction after three weeks of product use, relative to that of a regular fluoride dentifrice containing 1450 ppm F as sodium fluoride in a silica base (Colgate-Palmolive Co...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this single-center, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized six-month clinical study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a new Dual Zinc plus Arginine dentifrice (Colgate-Palmolive Co., New York, NY, USA) containing zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate) 0.96%, 1.5% Arginine, and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride in a silica base in reducing established dental plaque and gingivitis over a six-month period, relative to that of a regular fluoride dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride in a silica base (Colgate- Palmolive Co...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of two new fluoride toothpastes with Dual Zinc plus Arginine to the effects of a fluoride control toothpaste in reducing bacteria in oral biofilm on teeth and in multiple soft tissue locations, as well as in saliva, 12 hours after 14 and 29 days of product use. METHODS: A randomized, single-center, three-cell, double-blind, parallel-group design was employed. The study protocol was approved by an Institutional Review Board. One hundred eighty adult subjects who met inclusion and exclusion criteria and signed an informed consent form were enrolled in the study...

OBJECTIVES: To develop flavors for oral care formulations containing zinc oxide, zinc citrate and L-arginine that are stable for the toothpaste shelf life, mask the unpleasant astringency and metallic off notes of the base, have an appealing taste which pleases global consumers, stimulate regimen compliance, and therefore help deliver whole mouth health benefits to people throughout the world. METHODS: For stability evaluation, flavor materials were formulated in Dual Zinc plus Arginine base and these samples were subjected to accelerated aging which consists of exposure to a temperature of 49°C for 6 weeks...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate bioavailability enhancement of zinc on model oral surfaces and in oral biofilms in vitro through strategic formulation with two sources of zinc and L-arginine. METHODS: To modulate the bioavailability of active zinc ions in a zinc citrate dentifrice, an additive research strategy was pursued. A series of zinc citrate dentifrice formulations were prepared with increasing replacement of zinc citrate with zinc oxide (a water insoluble source of zinc ions) to generate a Dual Zinc active system...

A comprehensive mechanical plaque control program - designed, monitored, and reinforced by dental professionals - can help patients achieve excellent oral hygiene and oral health. However, this approach to prevention is impractical for many individuals, so dental caries and periodontal disease are highly prevalent globally. Experts recently agreed that a toothpaste with fluoride and a plaque control agent can augment mechanical procedures to simultaneously prevent caries and periodontal disease. Notwithstanding this, it is timely to rethink prevention and oral health promotion...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the gingival health efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush, a stannous fluoride dentifrice, and dental floss in adults with mild-to-moderate gingivitis. METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, two-treatment, eight-week parallel group study in adults with at least 20 gingival bleeding sites. Eligible subjects were randomized equally to one of two groups: experimental oral hygiene group that included an Oral-B® oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with round brush head (D20/EB20), Crest® stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice (SnF2 1100 ppm F, NaF 350 ppm F), and Oral-B® Glide® floss; or regular oral hygiene control group that included a regular manual toothbrush (Oral-B® Indicator 35) and Crest® anti-cavity sodium fluoride dentifrice (NaF 1450 ppm F)...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this combined in vitro and in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of tooth whitening using a mixture of Self- Assembling Peptide Matrix (SAPM) and hydroxyapatite (HA). METHODS: The mixture was applied on stained bovine teeth, and the tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer; mean changes in L*a*b values between measurements were expressed as DE. Additionally, the nature of the surface layer was investigated by ATRFTIR and EDX...