journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38038834/occurrence-of-ochratoxin-a-in-breast-milk-and-urine-samples-of-nursing-mothers-in-bangladesh
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aporajita Das Trisha, Jaasia Momtahena Hafsa, Akibul Hasan, Ahsan Habib, Humaira Rashid Tuba, Gisela H Degen, Nurshad Ali
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent nephrotoxin with carcinogenic properties and, thus, of concern as a food contaminant. Since food contaminant data are scarce in Bangladesh, we applied human biomonitoring to gain more insights into OTA exposure in the country's population. OTA concentrations in human milk and urine samples of nursing mothers were determined with the aim to assess also exposure to this mycotoxin in breastfed infants. Breastfeeding mothers (n = 74) from three districts of Bangladesh (Sylhet, Cumilla, and Mymensingh region) participated in this study...
December 1, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37968430/rapid-analysis-of-insecticidal-metabolites-from-the-entomopathogenic-fungus-beauveria-bassiana-331r-using-uplc-q-orbitrap-ms
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jong-Cheol Kim, In Min Hwang, Ho Myeong Kim, Seulbi Kim, Teak Su Shin, Soo-Dong Woo, Hae Woong Park
Beauveria bassiana, a representative entomopathogenic fungus, is increasingly being utilized as an eco-friendly pest management alternative to chemical insecticides. This fungus produces a range of insecticidal secondary metabolites that act as antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents. However, detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis related to these compounds remains scarce, we developed a method for the rapid analysis of these metabolites. Eight secondary metabolites (bassianin, bassianolide, beauvericin, beauveriolide I, enniatin A, A1, and B, and tenellin) were efficiently extracted when B...
November 16, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37957461/adsorption-of-aflatoxin-b-1-by-different-antimycotoxin-additives-bentonite-clinoptilolite-and-beta-glucans-extracted-from-yeast-cell-wall
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luara Medianeira de Lima Schlösser, Cristina Tonial Simões, Janine Alves Sarturi, Cristiane Rosa da Silva, Isadora Fabris Laber, Dison Stracke Pfingsten Franco, Carlos Augusto Mallmann
The present study aims to evaluate and compare antimycotoxin additives (AMAs) composed of bentonite (AMA 1), clinoptilolite (AMA 2), and beta-glucans extracted from yeast cell wall (AMA 3), with respect to their ability to bind Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) using the isothermal models of Freundlich, Langmuir, and BET. The additives were submitted to an in vitro adsorption experiment with AFB1 (0.05-4 mg L-1 ), using solutions of pH 3 and pH 6, with an inclusion rate of 0.5%, and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. At pH 3, for the seven concentrations evaluated, AMA 1 obtained adsorption rates (99...
November 14, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37953416/the-c-8-s-isomers-of-ergot-alkaloids-a-review-of-biological-and-analytical-aspects
#24
REVIEW
Jensen E Cherewyk, Barry R Blakley, Ahmad N Al-Dissi
Ergot alkaloids are secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi and contaminate cereal crops and grasses. The ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea are the most abundant worldwide. The metabolites exist in two configurations, the C-8-R-isomer (R-epimer) and the C-8-S-isomer (S-epimer). These two configurations can interconvert to one another. Ergot alkaloids cause toxic effects after consumption of ergot-contaminated food and feed at various concentrations. For bioactivity reasons, the C-8-R-isomers have been studied to a greater extent than the C-8-S-isomer since the C-8-S-isomers were considered biologically inactive...
November 13, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37847468/estrogen-receptor-%C3%AE-interaction-of-zearalenone-and-its-phase-i-metabolite-%C3%AE-zearalenol-in-combination-with-soy-isoflavones-in-her%C3%AE-hela-9903-cells
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dino Grgic, Barbara Novak, Elisabeth Varga, Doris Marko
Risk assessment primarily relies on toxicological data of individual substances, with limited information on combined effects. Recent in vitro experiments using Ishikawa cells, an endometrial carcinoma cell line expressing both estrogen receptor isoforms, demonstrated interactive effects of phyto- and mycoestrogens. The mycoestrogens, zearalenone (ZEN), and α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) exhibited significantly enhanced estrogenic responses in the presence of isoflavones (ISF), depending on substance ratios and concentrations...
October 17, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37794205/aflatoxin-m1-decreases-the-expression-of-genes-encoding-tight-junction-proteins-and-influences-the-intestinal-epithelial-integrity
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lal Krishan Kumar, Surya Kant Verma, Rajeev Chandel, Meet Thumar, Dheer Singh, Suneel Kumar Onteru
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a mycotoxin that is commonly found as a milk contaminant, and its presence in milk has been linked to cytotoxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute cytotoxic effects of AFM1 on intestinal Caco-2 cells. Initially, we checked the morphology and viability of Caco-2 cells after treatment with different concentrations of AFM1 (5 ng/L, 50 ng/L, 250 ng/L, 500 ng/L, 1000 ng/L, and 2000 ng/L) for different time intervals (6 h, 12 h, and 24 h)...
October 4, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37782431/curcumin-alleviates-afb1-induced-nephrotoxicity-in-ducks-regulating-mitochondrial-oxidative-stress-ferritinophagy-and-ferroptosis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haiyan Liu, Ying He, Xinglin Gao, Tong Li, Baoxin Qiao, Lixuan Tang, Juan Lan, Qian Su, Zhiyan Ruan, Zhaoxin Tang, Lianmei Hu
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an extremely toxic mycotoxin that extensively contaminates feed and food worldwide, poses a major hazard to poultry and human health. Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric, has attracted great attention due to its wonderful antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, effects of curcumin on the kidneys of ducks exposed to AFB1 remain unclear. Additionally, the underlying mechanism between AFB1 and ferroptosis (based on excessive lipid peroxidation) has not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin against AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity in ducklings...
October 2, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37665548/correction-fusaric-acid-inhibits-proliferation-and-induces-apoptosis-through-triggering-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-in-mcf-7-human-breast-cancer-cells
#28
Jun Zhang, Huikai Yuan, Wei Li, Shuo Chen, Siwen Liu, Chunyu Li, Xiaoqiang Yao
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 4, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37665547/co-occurrence-of-mycotoxins-and-other-fungal-metabolites-in-total-mixed-rations-of-cows-from-dairy-farms-in-punjab-pakistan
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felipe Penagos-Tabares, Mubarik Mahmood, Muhammad Zafar Ullah Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Amjad Talha, Muhammad Sajid, Kanwal Rafique, Saima Naveed, Johannes Faas, Juan Ignacio Artavia, Michael Sulyok, Anneliese Müller, Rudolf Krska, Qendrim Zebeli
After India and the USA, Pakistan is the third country leading in global dairy production, a sector of very high socioeconomic relevance in Asia. Mycotoxins can affect animal health, reproduction and productivity. This study analysed a broad range of co-occurring mycotoxins and fungal secondary metabolites derived from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and other fungal species. To complete this, a validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was employed, detecting 96 of > 500 tested secondary fungal metabolites...
September 4, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37523055/a-comparative-review-on-methods-of-detection-and-quantification-of-mycotoxins-in-solid-food-and-feed-a-focus-on-cereals-and-nuts
#30
REVIEW
Alaa Abou Dib, Jean Claude Assaf, Espérance Debs, Sami El Khatib, Nicolas Louka, André El Khoury
Many emerging factors and circumstances urge the need to develop and optimize the detection and quantification techniques of mycotoxins in solid food and feed. The diversity of mycotoxins, which have different properties and affinities, makes the standardization of the analytical procedures and the adoption of a single protocol that covers the attributes of all mycotoxins a tedious or even an impossible mission. Several modifications and improvements have been undergone in order to optimize the performance of these methods including the extraction solvents, the extraction methods, the clean-up procedures, and the analytical techniques...
July 31, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37470898/individual-and-combined-effects-of-deoxynivalenol-don-with-other-fusarium-mycotoxins-on-rainbow-trout-oncorhynchus-mykiss-growth-performance-and-health
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paraskevi Koletsi, Geert F Wiegertjes, Elisabeth A M Graat, Marijn de Kool, Philip Lyons, Johan W Schrama
This study assessed whether the toxicological effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium graminearum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are altered by the co-exposure to a mixture of toxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (FUmix ). This FUmix contained fusaric acid and fumonisin B1 , B2 and B3 . Four diets were formulated according to a 2 × 2 factorial design: CON-CON; CON-FUmix ; DON-CON; and DON-FUmix . Diets with and without DON contained on average 2700 and 0 µg/kg feed, respectively...
July 20, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37466908/the-nephrotoxin-ochratoxin-a-impairs-resilience-of-energy-homeostasis-of-human-proximal-tubule-cells
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gerald Schwerdt, Michael Kopf, Michael Gekle
Despite a long history of research, the mode of action of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is still not clear. Based on our observation that OTA-exposed cells consume more glucose and produce more lactate than control cells, with this study, we want to suggest another possible mode of action of OTA, involving cellular metabolism and mitochondria. We exposed human proximal tubule cells (HK2 cells) to OTA and studied its influence on mitochondrial performance as well as on the expression of energy homeostasis-involved routing proteins (AMPK and TXNIP) and on glucose transporting and metabolizing proteins...
July 19, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37442904/major-fusarium-species-and-mycotoxins-associated-with-freshly-harvested-maize-grain-in-uruguay
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Del Palacio, B Corallo, M Simoens, Jacqueline Cea, I de Aurrecoechea, I Martinez, A Sanchez, S Stewart, D Pan
Fusarium species are common fungal pathogens of maize. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides, among others, can cause maize ear rot, and they are also mycotoxin producers. The aims of this work were to determine the frequency and diversity of Fusarium species in Uruguayan maize kernels, evaluate the toxigenic potential of the isolates, determine toxin contamination levels on freshly harvested grain, and assess the sensitivity of main Fusarium species against fungicides. Fusarium verticillioides was the most frequent species isolated, followed by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto...
July 14, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37423938/real-life-exposure-to-fusarium-toxins-deoxynivalenol-and-zearalenone-triggers-apoptosis-and-activates-nlrp3-inflammasome-in-bovine-primary-theca-cells
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guodong Cai, Hilda M Guerrero-Netro, Jianchun Bian, Isabelle P Oswald, Christopher Price, Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
Cattle are deemed less susceptible to mycotoxins due to the limited internal exposure resulting from rumen microbiota activity. However, the significant amounts of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) frequently detected in bovine follicular fluid samples suggest that they could affect ovarian function. Both mycotoxins trigger several patterns of cell death and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the intestine. In vitro studies have reported a number of adverse effects on bovine oocytes...
July 10, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37400696/fusaric-acid-inhibits-proliferation-and-induces-apoptosis-through-triggering-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-in-mcf-7-human-breast-cancer-cells
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jun Zhang, Huikai Yuan, Wei Li, Shuo Chen, Siwen Liu, Chunyu Li, Xiaoqiang Yao
Breast cancer has replaced lung cancer to be the leading cancer in the world. Currently, chemotherapy is still the major method for breast cancer therapy, but its overall effect remains unsatisfactory. Fusaric acid (FSA), a mycotoxin derived from fusarium species, has shown potency against the proliferation of several types of cancer cells, but its effect on breast cancer cells has not been examined. Therefore, we explored the possible effect of FSA on the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and uncovered the underlying mechanism in the present study...
July 3, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37351768/structure-elucidation-and-biological-activities-of-perylenequinones-from-an-alternaria-species
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Kiefer, Marcel Arnholdt, Viktoria Grimm, Leander Geske, Jonathan Groß, Nina Vierengel, Till Opatz, Gerhard Erkel
The KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway is a pivotal cytoprotective regulator against oxidative stress which plays an important role in the development of many inflammatory diseases and cancer. Activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor by oxidative stress or electrophiles regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent transcription of antioxidative, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory proteins. Therefore, modulators of the KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE pathway have received considerable interest as therapeutics to protect against diseases where oxidative stress constitutes the underlying pathophysiology...
June 23, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37332076/determination-of-mycotoxins-and-their-dietary-exposure-assessment-in-pale-lager-beers-using-immunoaffinity-columns-and-uplc-ms-ms
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan Martiník, Rastislav Boško, Zdeněk Svoboda, Sylvie Běláková, Karolína Benešová, Marek Pernica
The use of contaminated raw materials can lead to the transfer of mycotoxins into the final product, including beer. This study describes the use of the commercially available immunoaffinity column 11+ Myco MS-PREP® and UPLC-MS/MS for the determination of mycotoxins in pale lager-type beers brewed in Czech Republic and other European countries. The additional aim of the work was to develop, optimize and validate this analytical method. Validation parameters such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy were tested...
June 19, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37328702/the-role-of-chromatin-modifying-enzymes-and-histone-modifications-in-the-modulation-of-p16-gene-in-fumonisin-b-1-induced-toxicity-in-human-kidney-cells
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ecem Fatma Karaman, Mahmoud Abudayyak, Sibel Ozden
Fumonisin B1 (FB1 ) poses a risk to animal and human health. Although the effects of FB1 on sphingolipid metabolism are well documented, there are limited studies covering the epigenetic modifications and early molecular alterations associated with carcinogenesis pathways caused by FB1 nephrotoxicity. The present study investigates the effects of FB1 on global DNA methylation, chromatin-modifying enzymes, and histone modification levels of the p16 gene in human kidney cells (HK-2) after 24 h exposure. An increase (2...
June 16, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37322297/food-aflatoxin-exposure-assessment-in-sichuan-province-china
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bi Zhao, Yi Xu, Yang Song, Yu Zhang, Li Lin
Aflatoxins (AFs) are frequent contaminants in crops worldwide and can cause adverse health effects in exposed humans. Since foods AFs (AFB1 , AFB2 , AFG1 , AFG2 ) contamination in Sichuan Province are unexplored, we conducted a study to assess AFs exposure in the population. In total, 318 samples, including grains, red chilli, red chilli powder, and vegetable protein beverages, were collected from 13 cities of Sichuan Province, China, in 2022. AFs were detected in all types of foods except for wheat flour, the highest incidence was found in red chilli powder (75...
June 15, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37322296/relevance-of-zearalenone-and-its-modified-forms-in-bakery-products
#40
REVIEW
Franz Pfleger, Christine Schwake-Anduschus
Zearalenone is a frequently occurring and well-known mycotoxin developed in cereals before and during the harvest period by Fusarium spp. mainly in maize and wheat. In addition to the main form, various modified forms (phase I and II metabolites) were detected, in some cases in high amounts. These modified forms can be harmful for human health due to their different toxicity, which can be much higher compared to the parent toxin. In addition, the parent toxin can be cleaved from the phase I and II metabolites during digestion...
June 15, 2023: Mycotoxin Research
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