APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica

Endometrial carcinoma is a common malignancy in women and shows increasing incidence. Except for its two main pathogenetic types I and II, the continuing evolution on molecular genetics have led to a new classification system (TCGA), that includes four main molecular subtypes: i) POLE-mutant (ultramutated), ii) hypermutated (MSI), iii) copy-number low / MSS (p53wt) and iv) copy-number high / serous-like (p53mut). The undifferentiated and dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas are rare and clinically aggressive variants, comprising about 10% of the high-grade endometrial carcinomas and 2% of the endometrial carcinomas in general...

Two chronic osteomyelitis patients, a diabetic foot osteomyelitis patient and a fracture related infection patient, all with staphylococci positive microbiology, were examined to confirm the clinical relevance of bacterial invasion of the submicron osteocyte lacuna-canaliculi network (OLCN) in bone tissue. Based on immunohistochemistry and light microscopy both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were identified within the OLCN of all four patients. The findings consolidate that bacterial OLCN invasion is a clinically relevant part of osteomyelitis disease biology, which from experimental porcine infections, seems to be time depending...

AIM: We investigated if diarrhoea-causing bacteria, including Yersinia species, could mimic the symptoms of appendicitis and lead to surgery. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included adult patients undergoing surgery for suspected appendicitis. Rectal swabs were analysed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Yersinia, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, and Aeromonas spp. Blood samples were analysed routinely and with an in-house ELISA serological test for Yersinia enterocolitica antibodies...

Clinically we have been aware of the concept of Candida biofilms for many decades, though perhaps without the formal designation. Just over twenty years ago the subject emerged on the back of progress made from the bacterial biofilms, and academic progress pace has continued to mirror the bacterial biofilm community, albeit at a decreased volume. It is apparent that Candida species have a considerable capacity to colonise surfaces and interfaces and form tenacious biofilm structures, either alone or in mixed species communities...

AIM: Several perioperative scoring systems have been created to predict outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer; however, these rarely include histological parameters. We evaluated histological factors used for patients with liver metastases operated between 2000 and 2019 and compared the results with the Fong score. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Many scoring models for overall disease-free survival (DFS) were established and compared using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models...

BACKGROUND: There is controversy about the likely infectious origin of chronic low back pain, because it has been suggested the possibility of a relationship with infection by Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study is to compare four methods to determine the presence of a likely infection caused by C. acnes in surgical disc samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This work is a cross-sectional observational study in which there are included 23 patients with microdiscectomy indication...

It has long been hypothesized that leukemic cells are able to modulate the fate of resident cells in tumoral microenvironment toward a supporting and immunosuppressive cell for development of tumor. Exosome can be a potential culprit in imposing tumor desire. There are evidences about impact of tumor-derived exosome on different immune cells in different malignancies. However, findings about macrophages are contradictory. Here, we evaluated the potential influence of Multiple myeloma (MM)-cell derived exosome on polarization of macrophages by examining hallmarks for M1 and M2 macrophages...

INTRODUCTION: An abscess is a collection of pus forming a cavity in the tissue, e.g. the skin. They are generally perceived as the result of infection but infection is not mandatory for the diagnosis. Skin abscesses may occur independently (primary) or be part of other diseases such as the recurrent inflammatory skin disease Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS). HS is non-infectious but nevertheless abscesses are a common differential diagnosis. AIM: The purpose of this study is to review the microbiome of bacteria positive primary skin-abscesses in order to explore the reported microbiota...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with rising incidence. Pre- and manifest T1D is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, skewed microbiota composition, and serum dyslipidemia. The intestinal mucus layer protects against pathogens and its structure and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid composition may be compromised in T1D, potentially contributing to barrier dysfunction. This study compared pre-diabetic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice to healthy C57BL/6 mice by analyzing the intestinal mucus PC profile by shotgun lipidomics, plasma metabolomics by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, intestinal mucus production by histology, and cecal microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing...

A diagnostic challenge is presented: Distinguishing ectopic thyroid tissue from metastatic well-differentiated follicular carcinoma in cytological material. Two cases of thyroid tissue in mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Later, the cases were presented in Labquality's nongynecological external quality scheme rounds in the years 2017, 2019, and 2020. The same case was presented two times, both in the 2017 and in the 2020 rounds...

PURPOSE: This study describes, for the first time, the occurrence of an epidemic of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) O111:H21 in a Belgian nursery and describes a practical approach concerning its management. Few data exist in the literature on this type of outbreak. METHODS: Clinical and microbiological investigations were needed to find a link between the cases and identify the causative agent. The microbiological procedure followed was first based on conventional analyses: isolation using selective cultures, identification by MALDI-TOF, antibiogram, determination of the serogroup by agglutination, then whole genome sequencing...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced during most viral infections, and immunohistochemical detection of dsRNA has been proposed as a potential screening marker for viral replication. The anti-dsRNA monoclonal antibody clone 9D5 is more sensitive than the established clone J2 but has not been validated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. This study aimed to test and compare the performance of the anti-dsRNA monoclonal antibodies, 9D5 and J2, in FFPE tissue using an automated staining platform...

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is an increasing concern for the medical profession, as higher numbers of arthroplasty surgeries lead to rising PJI-related costs. Streptococcal PJIs constitute approximately 10% of PJIs, but their genetic features and characteristics remain largely unexplored. Little is known about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates, whether some sequence types (ST) dominate, and whether certain virulence-associated genes are overrepresented. We used whole-genome sequencing of Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n=22), Streptococcus agalactiae (n=10), and S...

Treatment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) frequently includes surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Resistance to RT or CRT remains a major clinical challenge and highlights the need to identify predictive markers for it. We included 71 OTSCC patients treated with surgery combined with RT or CRT. We evaluated the association between tumor budding, tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), depth of invasion (DOI), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) expression, high-endothelial venules (HEVs), and disease-free survival (DFS) using uni- and multivariate analyses...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Liver transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive treatment to avoid organ rejection, increasing the risk of developing de novo cancer after transplantation. We investigated the cumulative incidence of de novo cancer in a cohort of Danish liver transplant recipients. PATIENTS/MATERIAL/ANIMALS AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective cohort study of adult liver transplant recipients transplanted at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, between January 1st , 2010 and December 31st , 2019...

OBJECTIVE: Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Most patients can be cured with surgery, but patients with a metastatic disease show impaired survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 1-5 expression in insulinomas and to correlate the expression profile with clinicopathological variables and with patient outcome. DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved 52 insulinoma patients. After histological re-evaluation, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were processed into tissue microarrays and stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal SSTR1-5 antibodies...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hardware implanted during primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) carries a serious risk for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The formation of bacterial biofilms, which are highly tolerant of antibiotics and host immunity, is recognized as being a major barrier to treatment. It is not known if some components and their surface features are more prone to biofilm than others. This study attempted to map biofilm on different components and features of orthopedic hardware recovered during revision...

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The mechanism by which cranberry-lingonberry juice (CLJ) prevents urinary tract infections (UTI) in children is unknown. We hypothesized that it alters the composition of the gut or urinary microbiome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Altogether 113 children with UTIs were randomly allocated to drink either CLJ or a placebo juice for 6 months. We collected urinary samples at 3 months and fecal samples at 3, 6 and 12 months and used next generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S gene...

Fungal periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to treat, due to important biofilm formation and limited local penetration of systemically administered antifungals. Calcium sulphate (CaSO4 ) might be a promising carrier to increase local concentration of antifungals. We hypothesized that local amphotericin B release from CaSO4 is high enough to significantly contribute to treatment of fungal PJI. We report joint fluid and serum concentrations of amphotericin B after local application with CaSO4 as an implanted resorbable carrier material as adjunct to standard surgical and systemic antifungal treatment in two cases of PJI with Candida spp...