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Journals Hematology/oncology Clinics of...

Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521686/advances-in-human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-targeted-therapy-in-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers
#1
REVIEW
Jaeyop Lee, Geoffrey Ku
The Trastuzumab for Gastric Cancer (ToGA) trial marked a pivotal moment in the adoption of trastuzumab for treating advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive esophagogastric (EG) cancer. The KEYNOTE-811 trial brought to light the synergistic effect of immune modulation and HER2 targeting. Additionally, the emergence of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) highlighted the potential of new pharmaceutical technologies to extend response, particularly for patients who have advanced beyond initial HER2-targeted therapies...
March 22, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493074/advances-in-immunotherapy-in-esophagogastric-cancer
#2
REVIEW
Khalid Jazieh, Harry Yoon, Mojun Zhu
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are rapidly transforming the care of patients with esophagogastric cancer. Particularly, anti-PD-1 therapy has demonstrated promising efficacy in metastatic and resectable disease. In this review, the authors discuss landmark clinical trials, highlight challenges and opportunities in this field, and propose potential directions for future work.
March 15, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485552/esophagogastric-cancer-the-current-role-of-radiation-therapy
#3
REVIEW
Leila T Tchelebi, Karyn A Goodman
Radiation therapy is an effective treatment modality in the management of patients with esophageal cancer regardless of tumor location (proximal, middle, or distal esophagus) or histology (squamous cell vs adenocarcinoma). The addition of neoadjuvant CRT to surgery in patients who are surgical candidates has consistently shown a benefit in terms of locoregional recurrence, pathologic downstaging, and overall survival. For patients who are not surgical candidates, CRT has a role as definitive treatment.
March 13, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485551/targeted-agents-in-esophagogastric-cancer-beyond-human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2
#4
REVIEW
Eric Mehlhaff, Devon Miller, Johnathan E Ebben, Oleksii Dobrzhanskyi, Nataliya V Uboha
Gastroesophageal cancers are highly diverse tumors in terms of their anatomic and molecular characteristics, making drug development challenging. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular profiles of these cancers have led to the identification of several new biomarkers. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating new targeted agents with promising results. CLDN18.2 has emerged as a biomarker with established activity of associated targeted therapies. Other targeted agents, such as bemarituzumab and DKN-01, are under active investigation...
March 13, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458854/upper-gastrointestinal-cancers-and-the-role-of-genetic-testing
#5
REVIEW
Emily C Harrold, Zsofia K Stadler
Beyond the few established hereditary cancer syndromes with an upper gastrointestinal cancer component, there is increasing recognition of the contribution of novel pathogenic germline variants (gPVs) to upper gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. The detection of gPVs has potential implications for novel treatment approaches of the index cancer patient as well as long-term implications for surveillance and risk-reducing measures for cancer survivors and far-reaching implications for the patients' family. With widespread availability of multigene panel testing, new associations may be identified with germline-somatic integration being critical to determining true causality of novel gPVs...
March 7, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38431494/the-role-of-screening-and-early-detection-in-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers
#6
REVIEW
Jin Woo Yoo, Monika Laszkowska, Robin B Mendelsohn
Upper gastrointestinal cancers are among the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide with exceptionally poor prognosis, which is largely attributable to frequently delayed diagnosis. Although effective screening is critical for early detection, the highly variable incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancers presents challenges, rendering universal screening programs suboptimal in most populations globally. Optimal strategies in regions of modest incidence, such as the United States, require a targeted approach, focused on high-risk individuals based on demographic, familial, and clinicopathologic risk factors...
March 1, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38429197/advances-in-surgery-and-neo-adjuvant-therapy-in-the-management-of-pancreatic-cancer
#7
REVIEW
Mengyuan Liu, Alice C Wei
A multimodality approach, which usually includes chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiotherapy, is optimal for patients with localized pancreatic cancer. The timing and sequence of these interventions depend on anatomic resectability and the biological suitability of the tumor and the patient. Tumors with vascular involvement (ie, borderline resectable/locally advanced) require surgical reassessments after therapy and participation of surgeons familiar with advanced techniques. When indicated, venous reconstruction should be offered as standard of care because it has acceptable morbidity...
February 29, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423933/immunotherapy-a-sharp-curve-turn-at-the-corner-of-targeted-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-biliary-tract-cancers
#8
REVIEW
Layal Al Mahmasani, James J Harding, Ghassan Abou-Alfa
Biliary tract cancers continue to increase in incidence and have a high mortality rate. Most of the patients present with advanced-stage disease. The discovery of targetable genomic alterations addressing IDH, FGFR, HER2, BRAFV600 E, and others has led to the identification and validation of novel therapies in biliary cancer. Recent advances demonstrating an improved outcome with the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy have established a new first-line care standard. In case of contraindications to the use of checkpoint inhibitors and the absence of targetable alterations, chemotherapy remains to be the standard of care...
February 28, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38402138/advances-in-gastric-cancer-surgical-management
#9
REVIEW
Emily E Stroobant, Vivian E Strong
The goal of a gastric cancer operation is a microscopically negative resection margin and D2 lymphadenectomy. Minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopic and robotic) have been proven to be equivalent for oncologic care, yet with faster recovery. Endoscopic mucosal resection can be used for T1a N0 tumor resection. Better understanding of hereditary gastric cancer and molecular subtypes has led to specialized recommendations for MSI-high tumors and patients with pathogenic CDH1 mutations. In the future, surgical management will support minimally invasive approaches and personalized cancer care based on subtype...
February 23, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378297/malignancies-of-the-upper-gastrointestinal-tract
#10
EDITORIAL
David H Ilson
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 19, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278626/proteasome-inhibitors-in-multiple-myeloma-biological-insights-on-mechanisms-of-action-or-resistance-informed-by-functional-genomics
#11
REVIEW
Constantine S Mitsiades
During the last 20 years, proteasome inhibitors have been a cornerstone for the therapeutic management of multiple myeloma (MM). This review highlights how MM research has evolved over time in terms of our understanding of the mechanistic basis for the pronounced clinical activity of proteasome inhibitors in MM, compared with the limited clinical applications of this drug class outside the setting of plasma cell dyscrasias.
January 25, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38272728/dedication
#12
EDITORIAL
Peter Leif Bergsagel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 24, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38262780/role-of-consolidation-and-maintenance
#13
REVIEW
Anupama D Kumar, Ajai Chari
Consolidation therapy consists of short-term therapy after stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma. Key consolidation trials have shown mixed results on whether consolidation should be included after transplant, leading to varied clinical practice. Maintenance therapy consists of long-term, typically fixed-duration or indefinite, therapy. Standard-risk patients typically receive single-agent therapy, whereas high-risk may benefit from doublet therapy and beyond. Adverse events and quality of life concerns should be considered, as optimal duration of maintenance therapy continues to be studied...
January 22, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38233233/immunocompetent-mouse-models-of-multiple-myeloma-therapeutic-implications
#14
REVIEW
Megan Du, Peter Leif Bergsagel, Marta Chesi
Immunocompetent mouse models of multiple myeloma (MM) are particularly needed in the era of T cell redirected therapy to understand drivers of sensitivity and resistance, optimize responses, and prevent toxicities. Three mouse models have been extensively characterized: the Balb/c plasmacytomas, the 5TMM, and the Vk*MYC. In the last year, additional models have been generated, which, for the first time, capture primary MM initiating events, like MMSET/NSD2 or cyclin D1 dysregulation. However, the long latency needed for tumor development and the lack of transplantable lines limit their utilization...
January 16, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38216384/new-therapies-on-the-horizon-for-relapsed-refractory-multiple-myeloma
#15
REVIEW
Nadine Abdallah, Shaji K Kumar
Despite improved treatments, most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) will experience relapse. Several novel agents have demonstrated activity and tolerability in early phase clinical trials. Venetoclax is a B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor with activity in patients with t(11;14) and/or Bcl-2 expression. Iberdomide and mezigdomide are cereblon E3 ligase modulators with higher potency, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activity compared with lenalidomide and pomalidomide. They have shown promising activity in heavily pretreated patients...
January 11, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38199896/molecular-pathogenesis-of-multiple-myeloma-clinical-implications
#16
REVIEW
Francesco Maura, Peter Leif Bergsagel
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of bone-marrow-localized, isotype-switched plasma cells that secrete a monoclonal immunoglobulin and cause hyperCalcemia, Anemia, Renal failure, and lytic Bone disease. It is preceded, often for decades, by a relatively stable monoclonal gammopathy lacking these clinical and malignant features. Both conditions are characterized by the presence of types of immunoglobulin heavy gene translocations that dysregulate a cyclin D family gene on 11q13 (CCND1), 6p21 (CCND3), or 12q11 (CCND2), a maf family gene on 16q23 (MAF), 20q11 (MAFB), or 8q24 (MAFA), or NSD2/FGFR3 on 4p16, or the presence of hyperdiploidy...
January 9, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38195308/impact-of-clonal-heterogeneity-in-multiple-myeloma
#17
REVIEW
Carolina Schinke, Leo Rasche, Marc S Raab, Niels Weinhold
Multiple myeloma is characterized by a highly heterogeneous disease distribution within the bone marrow-containing skeletal system. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanisms underlying clonal heterogeneity and the spatio-temporal evolution of myeloma. We discuss the clinical impact of clonal heterogeneity, which is thought to be one of the biggest obstacles to overcome therapy resistance and to achieve cure.
January 8, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38195306/approach-to-high-risk-multiple-myeloma
#18
REVIEW
Xiaoyi Chen, Gaurav Varma, Faith Davies, Gareth Morgan
Improving the outcome of high-risk myeloma (HRMM) is a key therapeutic aim for the next decade. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to understand in detail the genetic drivers underlying this clinical behavior and to target its biology therapeutically. Advances have already been made, with a focus on consensus guidance and the application of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Cases of HRMM are likely to have impaired prognosis even with novel strategies. However, if disease eradication and minimal disease states are achieved, then cure may be possible...
January 8, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184470/measurable-residual-disease-and-decision-making-in-multiple-myeloma
#19
REVIEW
Benjamin A Derman, Rafael Fonseca
Measurable (minimal) residual disease (MRD) has already proven to be one of the most important prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (MM). Each improvement in the depth of MRD testing has led to superior discrimination of outcomes, and sustained MRD negativity seems to be paramount to durable responses. Peripheral blood assays to assess for MRD are still under investigation but hold promise as complementary tools to bone marrow MRD assays such as next-generation sequencing and flow cytometry. Herein, the authors explore the evidence and potential benefits and drawbacks of MRD-adapted clinical decision-making in MM...
January 6, 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38302306/cereblon-targeting-ligase-degraders-in-myeloma-mechanisms-of-action-and-resistance
#20
REVIEW
Holly Lee, Paola Neri, Nizar J Bahlis
Cereblon-targeting degraders, including immunomodulatory imide drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide alongside cereblon E3 ligase modulators like iberdomide and mezigdomide, have demonstrated significant anti-myeloma effects. These drugs play a crucial role in diverse therapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma (MM), emphasizing their therapeutic importance across various disease stages. Despite their evident efficacy, approximately 5% to 10% of MM patients exhibit primary resistance to lenalidomide, and resistance commonly develops over time...
April 2024: Hematology/oncology Clinics of North America
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