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REVIEW
Panteleimon E Papakonstantinou, Vasiliki Kalogera, Dimitrios Charitos, Dimitrios Polyzos, Dimitra Benia, Athina Batsouli, Konstantinos Lampropoulos, Sotirios Xydonas, Dhiraj Gupta, Gregory Y H Lip
Anticoagulation therapy (AT) is fundamental in atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment but poses challenges in implementation, especially in AF populations with elevated thromboembolic and bleeding risks. Current guidelines emphasize the need to estimate and balance thrombosis and bleeding risks for all potential candidates of antithrombotic therapy. However, administering oral AT raises concerns in specific populations, such as those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), coagulation disorders, and cancer due to lack of robust data...
January 14, 2024: Blood Reviews
#22
REVIEW
Susan K Parsons, Angie Mae Rodday, Jenica N Upshaw, Carlton D Scharman, Zhu Cui, Yenong Cao, Yun Kyoung Ryu Tiger, Matthew J Maurer, Andrew M Evens
Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare, but highly curative form of cancer, primarily afflicting adolescents and young adults. Despite multiple seminal trials over the past twenty years, there is no single consensus-based treatment approach beyond use of multi-agency chemotherapy with curative intent. The use of radiation continues to be debated in early-stage disease, as part of combined modality treatment, as well as in salvage, as an important form of consolidation. While short-term disease outcomes have varied little across these different approaches across both early and advanced stage disease, the potential risk of severe, longer-term risk has varied considerably...
January 14, 2024: Blood Reviews
#23
REVIEW
Xiaoyi Chen, Mihir Shukla, Shella Saint Fleur-Lominy
In the recent few decades, outcomes in patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies have been steadily improving. However, the improved prognosis does not distribute equally among patients from different backgrounds. Besides cancer biology, demographic and geographic disparities have been found to impact overall survival significantly. Specifically, patients from underrepresented minorities including Black and Hispanics, and those with uninsured status, having low socioeconomic status, or from rural areas have had worse outcomes historically, which is uniformly true across all major subtypes of hematological malignancies...
January 8, 2024: Blood Reviews
#24
REVIEW
Khaled M Musallam, M Domenica Cappellini, Thomas D Coates, Kevin H M Kuo, Hanny Al-Samkari, Sujit Sheth, Vip Viprakasit, Ali T Taher
α-Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by decreased synthesis of α-globin chains that results in an imbalance of α and β globin and thus varying degrees of ineffective erythropoiesis, decreased red blood cell (RBC) survival, chronic hemolytic anemia, and subsequent comorbidities. Clinical presentation varies depending on the genotype, ranging from a silent or mild carrier state to severe, transfusion-dependent or lethal disease. Management of patients with α-thalassemia is primarily supportive, addressing either symptoms (eg, RBC transfusions for anemia), complications of the disease, or its transfusion-dependence (eg, chelation therapy for iron overload)...
January 3, 2024: Blood Reviews
#25
REVIEW
Hanaa Fatoum, Robert Zeiser, Shahrukh K Hashmi
Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGvHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity among transplant recipients. The efficacy of second-line treatments varies widely based on many factors, including wide differences in the organ overall response-rate response and in the current era where multiple agents are approved, and optimal sequencing of drugs based on organ ORR is unknown. We aimed to evaluate outcomes based on ORRs to the most common agents for the treatment of steroid-refractory/steroid-dependent cGvHD by conducting a systematic literature review...
January 2024: Blood Reviews
#26
REVIEW
Thomas Moulinet, Anthony Moussu, Ludovic Pierson, Simona Pagliuca
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune condition, due to peripheral platelet destruction through antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, and megakaryopoiesis alteration. This condition may be idiopathic or triggered by drugs, vaccines, infections, cancers, autoimmune disorders and systemic diseases. Recent advances in our understanding of ITP immunobiology support the idea that other forms of thrombocytopenia, for instance, occurring after immunotherapy or cellular therapies, may share a common pathophysiology with possible therapeutic implications...
January 2024: Blood Reviews
#27
REVIEW
Taylor R Brooks, Paolo F Caimi
The available treatments for relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have experienced a dramatic change since 2017. Incremental advances in basic and translational science over several decades have led to innovations in immune-oncology. These innovations have culminated in eight separate approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with R/R DLBCL over the last 10 years. High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT-ASCT) remains the standard of care for transplant-eligible patients who relapse after an initial remission...
January 2024: Blood Reviews
#28
REVIEW
Vishaka Gorur, Kamil R Kranc, Miguel Ganuza, Paul Telfer
Gene modification of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a potentially curative approach to sickle cell disease (SCD) and offers hope for patients who are not eligible for allogeneic HSC transplantation. Current approaches require in vitro manipulation of healthy autologous HSC prior to their transplantation. However, the health and integrity of HSCs may be compromised by a variety of disease processes in SCD, and challenges have emerged in the clinical trials of gene therapy. There is also concern about increased susceptibility to haematological malignancies during long-term follow up of patients, and this raises questions about genomic stability in the stem cell compartment...
January 2024: Blood Reviews
#29
REVIEW
Hanny Al-Samkari
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common complication of antineoplastic therapy, resulting in antineoplastic therapy dose reductions, treatment delays, treatment discontinuation, and morbid bleeding events. Despite several decades of research into thrombopoietic growth factors in CIT, there are presently no available U.S. FDA- or EMA-approved agents to treat CIT. However, a respectable body of evidence has been published evaluating the thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) for the management and prevention of CIT in patients with solid tumors, and critical studies are ongoing with the TPO-RAs romiplostim and avatrombopag...
January 2024: Blood Reviews
#30
REVIEW
Amal El-Beshlawy, Hany Dewedar, Salwa Hindawi, Salam Alkindi, Azza A Tantawy, Mohamed A Yassin, Ali T Taher
β-Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenetic diseases worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence in the Middle East region. As such, we have developed long-standing experience with disease management and devising solutions to address challenges attributed to resource limitations. The region has also participated in the majority of clinical trials and development programs of iron chelators and more novel ineffective erythropoiesis-targeted therapy. In this review, we provide a practical overview of management for patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia, primarily driven by such experiences, with the aim of transferring knowledge to colleagues in other regions facing similar challenges...
January 2024: Blood Reviews
#31
REVIEW
Hussien Ahmed H Abdelgawad, Rachel Foster, Mario Otto
Hemophilia A, an X-linked genetic disorder, is characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of clotting Factor VIII. The treatment landscape has substantially changed by introducing novel extended half-life factor VIII (EHL-FVIII) replacement therapies such as efanesoctocog Alfa and non-factor replacement therapy such as emicizumab. These agents signal a shift from treatments requiring multiple weekly infusions to advanced therapies with long half-lives, offering superior protection against bleeding and improving patient adherence and quality of life...
December 23, 2023: Blood Reviews
#32
REVIEW
Evan Lang, Frits van Rhee
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare disease, and it is likely underdiagnosed because of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. While the disease leads to significant morbidity and mortality, its causes are not yet fully elucidated. There have been significant advances in diagnosis and treatment of iMCD in the past decade, including the approval of the anti-IL-6 antibody siltuximab. In this review, we provide an update of the many new developments and publications surrounding iMCD...
December 5, 2023: Blood Reviews
#33
Myrthe J van Dijk, Jonathan R A de Wilde, Marije Bartels, Kevin H M Kuo, Andreas Glenthøj, Minke A E Rab, Eduard J van Beers, Richard van Wijk
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 2, 2023: Blood Reviews
#34
REVIEW
Sonali P Barwe, E Anders Kolb, Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a 10- to 20-fold greater predisposition to develop acute leukemia compared to the general population, with a skew towards myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). While ML-DS is known to be a subtype with good outcome, patients who relapse face a dismal prognosis. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in DS (DS-ALL) is considered to have poor prognosis. The relapse rate is high in DS-ALL compared to their non-DS counterparts. We have a better understanding about the mutational spectrum of DS leukemia...
November 25, 2023: Blood Reviews
#35
REVIEW
Zhiyan Liu, Longtu Li, Hanxu Zhang, Xiaocong Pang, Zhiwei Qiu, Qian Xiang, Yimin Cui
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) combines with heparin to form an antigen that could produce IgG antibodies and participate in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). PF4 has attracted wide attention due to its role in novel coronavirus vaccine-19 (COVID-9)-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and cognitive impairments. The electrostatic interaction between PF4 and negatively charged molecules is vital in the progression of VITT, which is similar to HIT. Emerging evidence suggests its multiple roles in hematopoietic and angiogenic inhibition, platelet coagulation interference, host inflammatory response promotion, vascular inhibition, and antitumor properties...
November 23, 2023: Blood Reviews
#36
REVIEW
Joaquín Jerez, Marta Santiago
Genomic advancements have yielded pivotal insights into hematological neoplasms, particularly concerning germline predisposition mutations. Following the WHO 2016 revisions, dedicated segments were proposed to address these aspects. Current WHO 2022, ICC 2022, and ELN 2022 classifications recognize their significance, introducing more mutations and prompting integration into clinical practice. Approximately 5-10% of hematological neoplasm patients show germline predisposition gene mutations, rising with risk factors such as personal cancer history and familial antecedents, even in older adults...
November 20, 2023: Blood Reviews
#37
REVIEW
Bingwen Eugene Fan, Bryan Song Jun Yong, Ruiqi Li, Samuel Sherng Young Wang, Min Yi Natalie Aw, Ming Fang Chia, David Tao Yi Chen, Yuan Shan Neo, Bruno Occhipinti, Ryan Ruiyang Ling, Kollengode Ramanathan, Yi Xiong Ong, Kian Guan Eric Lim, Wei Yong Kevin Wong, Shu Ping Lim, Siti Thuraiya Binte Abdul Latiff, Hemalatha Shanmugam, Moh Sim Wong, Kuperan Ponnudurai, Stefan Winkler
Artificial intelligence (AI) and its application in classification of blood cells in the peripheral blood film is an evolving field in haematology. We performed a rapid review of the literature on AI and peripheral blood films, evaluating the condition studied, image datasets, machine learning models, training set size, testing set size and accuracy. A total of 283 studies were identified, encompassing 6 broad domains: malaria (n = 95), leukemia (n = 81), leukocytes (n = 72), mixed (n = 25), erythrocytes (n = 15) or Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 1)...
November 19, 2023: Blood Reviews
#38
REVIEW
Sandhya R Panch, Li Guo, Ralph Vassallo
Platelet transfusion refractoriness due to HLA alloimmunization presents a significant medical problem, particularly among multiply transfused patients with hematologic malignancies and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants. HLA compatible platelet transfusions also impose significant financial burden on these patients. Recently, several novel mechanisms have been described in the development of HLA alloimmunization and platelet transfusion refractoriness. We review the history of platelet transfusions and mechanisms of HLA-sensitization and transfusion refractoriness...
November 2023: Blood Reviews
#39
REVIEW
Alessandro Bosi, Wilma Barcellini, Francesco Passamonti, Bruno Fattizzo
Despite recent advancements, treatment of cytopenia due to bone marrow failures (BMF) and myeloid neoplasms remains challenging. Androgens promote renewal and maturation of blood cells and may be beneficial in these forms. Here we report a systematic review of androgens use as single agent in hematologic conditions. Forty-six studies, mainly retrospective with various androgen types and doses, were included: 12 on acquired aplastic anemia (AA), 11 on inherited BMF, 17 on myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and 7 on myelofibrosis...
November 2023: Blood Reviews
#40
REVIEW
Maximilian Stahl, Jan Philipp Bewersdorf, Zhuoer Xie, Matteo Giovanni Della Porta, Rami Komrokji, Mina L Xu, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Justin Taylor, David P Steensma, Daniel T Starczynowski, Mikkael A Sekeres, Guillermo Sanz, David A Sallman, Gail J Roboz, Uwe Platzbecker, Mrinal M Patnaik, Eric Padron, Olatoyosi Odenike, Stephen D Nimer, Aziz Nazha, Ravi Majeti, Sanam Loghavi, Richard F Little, Alan F List, Tae Kon Kim, Christopher S Hourigan, Robert P Hasserjian, Stephanie Halene, Elizabeth A Griffiths, Steven D Gore, Peter Greenberg, Maria E Figueroa, Pierre Fenaux, Fabio Efficace, Amy E DeZern, Naval G Daver, Jane E Churpek, Hetty E Carraway, Rena Buckstein, Andrew M Brunner, Jacqueline Boultwood, Uma Borate, Rafael Bejar, John M Bennett, Andrew H Wei, Valeria Santini, Michael R Savona, Amer M Zeidan
The guidelines for classification, prognostication, and response assessment of myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) have all recently been updated. In this report on behalf of the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS) we summarize these developments. We first critically examine the updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of MDS. We then compare traditional and molecularly based risk MDS risk assessment tools. Lastly, we discuss limitations of criteria in measuring therapeutic benefit and highlight how the International Working Group (IWG) 2018 and 2023 response criteria addressed these deficiencies and are endorsed by the icMDS...
November 2023: Blood Reviews
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