American Journal of Preventive Medicine

INTRODUCTION: The Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey (NEMS) measures were developed to assess the consumer food environment in stores and restaurants. NEMS tools have been widely used in research and adapted for diverse settings and populations in the 15 years since they were created. This systematic review examines the use and adaptations of these measures and what can be learned from published studies using NEMS tools. METHODS: A comprehensive search of bibliographic databases was conducted from 2007 to September 2021, supplemented by backward searches and communications with authors, to identify research articles using NEMS tools...

INTRODUCTION: Little has previously been reported about the implementation of social risk screening across racial/ethnic/language groups. To address this knowledge gap, the associations between race/ethnicity/language, social risk screening, and patient-reported social risks were examined among adult patients at community health centers. METHODS: Patient- and encounter-level data from 2016 to 2020 from 651 community health centers in 21 U.S. states were used; data were extracted from a shared Epic electronic health record and analyzed between December 2020 and February 2022...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Driving under the influence (DUI) of cannabis is a significant public health concern, that is particularly common in young adults (ages 18-25) and has increased in recent years. Vaping has also dramatically increased particularly among young populations and is frequently used for cannabis administration among young adults. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the positive association between vaping and cannabis DUI among young adults (ages 18-25). METHODS: This study used the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and included young adults aged 18-25...

INTRODUCTION: One in five pregnant individuals report consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) at least once per day. Excess sugar consumption during pregnancy is associated with several perinatal complications. As SSB taxes become increasingly common public health measures to reduce SSB consumption, evidence on the downstream effects of SSB taxes on perinatal health remains limited. METHODS: This longitudinal retrospective study examines whether SSB taxes in five US cities were associated with decreased risk of perinatal complications, leveraging 2013-2019 US national birth certificate data and a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach to estimate changes in perinatal outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Deaths of despair (i.e., suicide, drug/alcohol overdose, and chronic liver disease and cirrhosis) have been increasing over the past 2 decades. However, no large-scale studies have examined geographic patterns of deaths of despair in the U.S. This ecologic study identifies geographic and temporal patterns of individual and co-occurring clusters of deaths of despair. METHODS: All individuals aged ≥10 years who died in the U.S. between 2000 and 2019 and resided within the 48 contiguous states and Washington, District of Columbia were included (N=2,171,105)...

INTRODUCTION: Screening for food insecurity in clinical settings is recommended, but implementation varies widely. This study evaluated the prevalence of screening for food insecurity and other social risks in telehealth versus in-person encounters during the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes in screening before versus after widespread COVID vaccine availability. METHODS: These cross-sectional analyses used electronic health record (EHR) and ancillary clinic data from a national network of 400+ community health centers with a shared EHR...

INTRODUCTION: The high visibility of COVID-19-related discrimination underscores the importance of understanding the psychological harms associated with vicariously and directly experiencing such incidents. In this observational study, both vicariously and directly experienced COVID-19-related discrimination and their association with heightened concerns about discrimination and vigilance were examined in U.S. adults who use commercial tobacco. METHODS: Data were from a nationally representative sample of adults who currently or formerly used commercial tobacco products (N=1,700; mean age = 43 years) from an online survey panel administered in January-February 2021 (analyzed in 2021-2022)...

INTRODUCTION: Despite promising reductions in mortality from infectious diseases, premature death is a still major public health problem in Brazil. However, little is known about which diseases and injury mechanisms are the main causes of premature death. This paper aimed to detail trends in leading causes of death among children and adolescents in Brazil. METHODS: Data were extracted from medical death certificates from the Brazilian Mortality Information System for children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years for 2000 to 2020...

INTRODUCTION: The association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and body composition, and potential variation by sociodemographic factors, is unclear. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional associations of UPF consumption with imaging markers of body fat distribution in a nationally representative sample of US adults, overall and by sociodemographic strata. METHODS: A total of 9,640 men and non-pregnant women aged 20-59 years were included from 4 cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with valid 24-hour dietary recalls and available whole-body DXA scans...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Social determinants are structures and conditions in the biological, physical, built, and social environments that affect health, social and physical functioning, health risk, quality-of-life, and health outcomes. The adoption of recommended, standard measurement protocols for social determinants of health (SDoH) will advance the science of minority health and health disparities research and provide standard SDoH protocols for inclusion in all studies with human participants...

INTRODUCTION: In 2020, suicide was the 12th leading cause of death among adults in the United States. Prior research has shown that one common precipitating circumstance among adult suicide decedents is experiencing intimate partner problems (IPP), such as divorce, separation, romantic break-ups, arguments, conflicts, and intimate partner violence. This study examines how precipitating factors differ between IPP and non-IPP-related suicides. METHODS: In 2022, this study analyzed National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data from adult suicide decedents in 48 states and two territories between 2003 and 2020...

INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional analysis of the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (N=3,604) examines the associations of personal values with tobacco and alcohol control policy support, which may inform policy-related communication efforts. METHODS: Respondents selected which of seven value options they considered most important in their daily life and rated their support for eight proposed tobacco and alcohol control policies (1=strongly oppose, 5=strongly support)...

INTRODUCTION: Since 2005, female firearm suicide rates increased by 34%, outpacing the rise in male firearm suicide rates over the same period. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a natural language processing pipeline to identify a select set of common and important circumstances preceding female firearm suicide from coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement narratives. METHODS: Unstructured information from coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement narratives were manually coded for 1,462 randomly selected cases from the National Violent Death Reporting System...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in e-cigarette uptake and harm perceptions about e-cigarettes among adults who smoke cigarettes in the United States (US). METHODS: Five waves of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013-2019) were used to assess transitions from exclusive cigarette smoking to [1] exclusive e-cigarette use [2] dual use [3] nonuse of either product (N=7,172)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: It is unknown whether and to what extent the duration of smoking abstinence may modify the association between receiving cigarette coupons and smoking relapse in the U.S. This study aims to fill this gap. METHODS: Data were from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study Wave 4 (December 2016-January 2018, baseline) and Wave 5 (December 2018-November 2019, follow-up) surveys. Analysis was conducted in May 2022. The study sample was participants who formerly smoked cigarettes at baseline (N=5,186)...

INTRODUCTION: Youth with incarcerated parents (YIP) experience more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) than other youth, placing them at higher risk for mental health and substance use disorders. Despite their increased risk, these youth may be less likely to access mental health services, particularly given their racial and ethnic makeup. Therefore, this study aimed to assess racial and ethnic disparities in access to mental health services for YIP. METHODS: This secondary data analysis used longitudinal data from 2016 to 2019 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study...

INTRODUCTION: Women with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) is a widely disseminated lifestyle intervention to prevent T2D. While NDPP programs are open to adults of any age, participants are usually older adults. Effectiveness among younger women with prior GDM is largely unknown. METHODS: The NDPP was delivered by lifestyle coaches in a large network of Federally Qualified Health Centers...