Eye

BACKGROUND: Twelve ocular surface disease experts convened to achieve consensus about Demodex blepharitis (DB) using a modified Delphi panel process. METHODS: Online surveys were administered using scaled, open-ended, true/false, and multiple-choice questions. Consensus for questions using a 1 to 9 Likert scale was predefined as median scores of 7-9 and 1-3. For other question types, consensus was achieved when 8 of 12 panellists agreed. Questions were randomized, and results of each survey informed the following survey...

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficacy of avacincaptad pegol (ACP), a C5 inhibitor, for geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over an 18-month treatment course. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was an international, prospective, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 2/3 clinical trial that consisted of 2 parts. In part 1, 77 participants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive monthly intravitreal injections of ACP 1 mg, ACP 2 mg, or sham...

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with higher odds of chronic diseases, with many individuals living with more than one illness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between deprivation and severity of glaucoma at diagnosis, an important risk factor for glaucoma blindness. METHODS: A retrospective study of 472 consecutive patients referred by community optometrists to the glaucoma clinic at a university hospital was performed. Glaucoma severity was determined by standard automated perimetry mean deviation (MD) in the worse eye...

PURPOSE: Assess short-term real-world outcomes in neovascular aged-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with novel faricimab. METHODS: Retrospective case series of nine patients with nAMD (11 eyes) treated with faricimab between May and November 2022. Treatment-naïve patients and non-naïve patients underwent logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) DRI OCT-1 Triton (Topcon Corp, Tokyo, Japan), ultra-widefield (UWF) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) (California Optomap, Optos plc, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK)...

We present a novel comprehensive literature review of studies of the psychosocial functioning (PF) and quality of life (QoL) of patients with childhood glaucoma and their caregivers. Our findings demonstrate variable study quality and approach, as well as inconsistent results relating to the association of glaucoma-specific factors and sociodemographic variables with measured PF and QoL. Future studies should focus on the development of culturally cognizant and standardized assessment tools, execution of multi-center longitudinal studies with global representation, evaluation of PF and QoL among siblings and childhood glaucoma providers, and implementation of interventions to improve patient and caregiver PF and QoL...

PURPOSE: To investigate the anatomical and functional outcomes and specifically, the effect of 360-degree barrier-laser, in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (PRD). METHODS: We conducted a single-centre retrospective, continuous and comparative study on eyes that had undergone PPV with focal-retinopexy (laser or cryotherapy) versus 360-laser for PRD repair between 2011-2020 at a single tertiary vitreoretinal centre in the UK...

BACKGROUND: Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) are first-line therapy for macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Appropriate management for RVO with good visual acuity at diagnosis has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to analyse the visual and anatomic outcomes from anti-VEGF treatment among RVO patients with good vision at baseline. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients diagnosed with macular oedema secondary to RVO from January 2012 to February 2021 at a tertiary ophthalmic centre...

BACKGROUND: In most cases, glaucoma patients require long-term medical and/or surgical treatment. Preference studies investigate how different aspects of glaucoma management, such as health or process outcomes, are valued and herewith help stakeholders make care more responsive to patients' needs. As, to our knowledge, no overview of these studies is currently available, this study aims to systematically review and critically appraise these studies. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using keywords for stated-preference studies and glaucoma up to October 2021...

PURPOSE: To report the clinical course of corneal ulceration/perforation in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of patients diagnosed with Sjogren's syndrome (primary and secondary) and corneal ulceration over past 8 years at tertiary eye care network. Assessed parameters were demographics, clinical details, microbiological profile, types of intervention and their outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-six eyes of 44 patients (11 males; mean age, 50 years) had corneal ulceration (28 eyes) or perforation (18 eyes) at the time of presentation...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ocular syphilis is a vision-threatening disease that can lead to permanent blindness if left untreated. The global re-emergence of syphilis warrants greater investigations into the visual prognosis of eyes affected by this potentially devastating disease. This systematic review investigates the impact of HIV on visual acuity (VA) outcomes in ocular syphilis. METHODS: A literature search of Medline, PubMed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and Cochrane Reviews was conducted for studies published between 01 January 2011 and 19 March 2022, reporting non-aggregate initial and post-treatment VA data of eyes with ocular syphilis and corresponding HIV status in patients ≥ 18 years...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the safety profile and the surgical outcomes in a large cohort of subjects undergoing early vitrectomy for unexplained fundus-obscuring vitreous haemorrhage (FOVH). METHODS: Retrospective, single-centre case series of 186 consecutive eyes presenting between January 2018 and February 2020. Primary outcomes included change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), rate of intra-operative retinal tears or retinal detachment (RD), baseline proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), association of demographics with clinical outcomes, and rate of significant adverse events characterised by reoperation...

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is an ocular imaging technology that has emerged as a non-invasive tool to evaluate retinal microvascular changes in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease. While several studies have reported on the presence of pathologic retinal microvascular alterations in PD, the utility of OCT-A as a biomarker for PD evaluation is still unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to explore the current evidence for the role of OCT-A in PD published up until June 2022...

BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: DRAKO (NCT02850263) was a 24-month, prospective, observational, multi-centre cohort study that enrolled patients diagnosed with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) including central involvement. The study aimed to evaluate standard of care intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) treatment in the UK. This analysis describes the 12-month outcomes for patients with prior anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for DMO other than IVT-AFL (C2), and 2-year outcomes for both anti-VEGF treatment-naïve patients (C1) and C2 patients...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is a commonly performed transplant procedure used in the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the differences in visual acuity outcomes, endothelial cell density (ECD) and complications between two forms of EK, ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). METHODS: A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify studies reporting comparative results of UT-DSAEK versus DMEK...

OBJECTIVE: To search for and critically appraise the psychometric quality of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) developed or validated in optic neuritis, in order to support high-quality research and care. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE(Ovid), Embase(Ovid), PsycINFO(Ovid) and CINAHLPlus(EBSCO), and additional grey literature to November 2021, to identify PROM development or validation studies applicable to optic neuritis associated with any systemic or neurologic disease in adults...

BACKGROUND: One of the core aims of the European Union of Medical Specialists is to harmonize training across Europe by creating European Training Requirements for all medical specialties including Ophthalmology. The theoretical part is already defined by the EBO, however as ophthalmology also includes surgical skills, we herein propose a surgical minimum curriculum for ophthalmology residents in Europe. METHODS: National and international ophthalmic training curricula which are publicly available in English were reviewed and compared...

Visual electrophysiology affords direct, quantitative, objective assessment of visual pathway function at different levels, and thus yields information complementary to, and not necessarily obtainable from, imaging or psychophysical testing. The tests available, and their indications, have evolved, with many advances, both in technology and in our understanding of the neural basis of the waveforms, now facilitating more precise evaluation of physiology and pathophysiology. After summarising the visual pathway and current standard clinical testing methods, this review discusses, non-exhaustively, several developments, focusing particularly on human electroretinogram recordings...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between cystoid macular oedema (CMO) measured in preterm infants using hand-held spectral domain optical coherence tomography (HH SD-OCT), with gestational age at birth (GA), birthweight (BW), diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the presence or absence of the external limiting membrane (ELM). METHODS: We conducted a prospective mixed cross-sectional/longitudinal observational study of 112 participants (23 to 36 weeks GA; n = 25 with, and n = 87 without, CMO)...

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