Seminars in Ophthalmology

PURPOSE: To present a treatment regimen for Brucellosis endophthalmitis that resulted in a good visual outcome. Additionally, we conducted a literature review on the treatment and visual prognosis of related cases. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old woman with the chief complaint of decreased vision and redness in the right eye was initially diagnosed with noninfectious uveitis and prescribed high-dose steroids which led to transient improvement followed by a decline in vision...

PURPOSE: To quantify the risk of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in fellow-eye phacoemulsification surgery and to determine risk factors. METHODS: We pooled data from 8 United Kingdom sites for patients undergoing bilateral non-simultaneous phacoemulsification. Main outcome measures were the incidence and risk factors of the development of PCR during the fellow-eye phacoemulsification. RESULTS: We included 66,288 patients with a mean age of 75...

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PURPOSE: Understanding the current role and efficacy of endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) compared to ab-interno canaloplasty with or without trabeculotomy (OMNI), combined with cataract extraction and lens implantation (CEIOL), for the management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) is limited. METHODS: All UG patients ≥18 years old with ≥6 months of follow-up data (15.2 ± 5.9 months) after CEIOL combined with either ECP or OMNI from August 2019 to May 2022 at a single academic center were retrospectively reviewed [22 eyes of 15 patients (8 ECP, 14 OMNI)]...

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PURPOSE: The study explores the evolving landscape of cataract diagnosis, focusing on both traditional methods and innovative technological integrations. It aims to address challenges with subjectivity in traditional cataract grading and to evaluate how new technologies can enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. METHODS: The research introduces and examines the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) in automating and improving cataract screening processes...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess the changes and differences in early postoperative binocular accommodative function following femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 120 patients (240 eyes) diagnosed with low-to-moderate and high myopia, who underwent either FS-LASIK or SMILE procedures were included. The assessment encompassed measurements of accommodative facility, accommodation time, relaxation time, and accommodation-to-relaxation ratio using a smart flipper...

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PURPOSE: To emphasise the importance of "soft" observations during lacrimal irrigation in diagnosing lacrimal outflow dysfunction and reporting outcomes of soft factors post-DCR. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients with ≤ 20% of regurgitation on lacrimal irrigation who underwent DCR surgery. A comparative analysis of percentage reflux of saline (RFX), initial mucus in reflux (IMR), patient-reported transit time of saline (PR-TTS), and resistance encountered (RES) during LS was performed...

PURPOSE: To compare the long-term outcomes of mucosal-sparing mechanical endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (MMED) for primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) with or without silicone intubation. METHODS: An 11-year follow-up study of the Silicone intubation in Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (SEND) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at a university-affiliated dacryology clinic from December 2019 to March 2023. Questionnaires on symptoms, anterior segment examination, endoscopic examination with functional endoscopic dye test (FEDT) and FICI grading, and ostial size measurements using Image J software were performed by a masked ophthalmologist...

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BACKGROUND: In the past few decades, the primary management for uveal melanoma has evolved from enucleation to eye-preserving treatments. However, despite achieving a high rate of local tumour control, complications following eye-preserving treatments still occur and are partly responsible for functional loss and secondary enucleation. METHODS: A literature review by a broad international panel. RESULTS: We summarised the current literature on utilizing vitreoretinal (VR) surgery for managing the complications of uveal melanoma...

PURPOSE: Metaplasia, chronic inflammation and subconjunctival fibrosis favor failure of bleb-dependent glaucoma surgery. The aim of the study is to identify the patients at a higher risk of post-surgical failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, open study, performed in the Glaucoma Unit of the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, from April to November 2021, with a minimum follow-up of one year. 38 eyes with ocular hypertension or chronic open-angle glaucoma were included...

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PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between research activity and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding status of the United States (US) academic ophthalmologists. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of bibliometric data was conducted. The NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Reports (rePORTER) website was utilized to identify ophthalmology departments in the US that received NIH funding...

PURPOSE: To identify prevalence of and risk factors for loss to follow up (LTFU) among a national cohort of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) database from 2014 through 2019 to assess LTFU among adult patients with POAG. POAG patients with at least one clinical encounter in 2014 were included. LTFU was defined as exceeding one year without a clinical encounter during the study period...

OBJECTIVE: To present marginal reflex distance (MRD-1) outcomes based on intra-operative quantification of levator aponeurosis advancement. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with unilateral aponeurotic ptosis underwent anterior levator aponeurosis advancement. Distance of advancement intra-operatively was compared with MRD-1 outcomes at the immediate postoperative sitting, approximately 1 week, and 1 month period. Surgical success was defined as a symmetric MRD-1 or an MRD-1 within 1 millimeter of the contralateral eyelid...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological trends, primary ocular diagnosis, and degree of injury severity in pediatric patients after a toy-related ocular trauma. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Study (NEISS), encompassing patients who visited emergency departments over a 5-year period from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, with toy-related ocular injuries...

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PURPOSE: Topical chloramphenicol is one of the most ubiquitous antibiotics used in ophthalmology and oculoplastic surgery globally. It shows broad-spectrum activity against a variety of different pathogenic organisms, is well tolerated on the ocular surface and displays excellent topical pharmacokinetics. Chloramphenicol has been available for purchase over the counter in the United Kingdom since 2005. Despite this, the largest health economy in the world, The United States has had a de-facto moratorium on its use for the past 30 years...