journal
Journals Origins of Life and Evolution ...

Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere

https://read.qxmd.com/read/35796896/on-the-origin-of-sugar-handedness-facts-hypotheses-and-missing-links-a-review
#21
REVIEW
R Fernando Martínez, Louis A Cuccia, Cristóbal Viedma, Pedro Cintas
By paraphrasing one of Kipling's most amazing short stories (How the Leopard Got His Spots), this article could be entitled "How Sugars Became Homochiral". Obviously, we have no answer to this still unsolved mystery, and this perspective simply brings recent models, experiments and hypotheses into the homochiral homogeneity of sugars on earth. We shall revisit the past and current understanding of sugar chirality in the context of prebiotic chemistry, with attention to recent developments and insights. Different scenarios and pathways will be discussed, from the widely known formose-type processes to less familiar ones, often viewed as unorthodox chemical routes...
July 7, 2022: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35796895/competitive-interaction-of-mn-ii-and-fe-ii-cations-with-the-high-affinity-mn-binding-site-of-the-photosystem-ii-evolutionary-aspect
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E R Lovyagina, B К Semin
The evolutionary origin of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in the photosystem II (PSII) is still unclear, as is the nature of electron source for the photosystem before the OEC had appeared. Johnson et al. (in PNAS 110:11238, 2013) speculated that Mn(II) cations were the source of electrons for transitional photosystems. However, Archean oceans also contained Fe(II) cations at concentrations comparable or higher than that of Mn(II). Fe(II) cations can bind to the high-affinity (НА) Mn-binding site in the OEC (Semin et al...
July 7, 2022: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35680768/spontaneous-emergence-of-transient-chirality-in-closed-reversible-frank-like-deterministic-models
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Buhse, Jean-Claude Micheau
To explore abiotic theories related to the origin of biomolecular homochirality, we analyze two entirely reversible kinetic models composed of an enantioselective autocatalysis with limited stereoselectivity that is coupled to an enantiomeric mutual inhibition (Frank-like models). The two models differ in their autocatalytic steps in respect to the formation of monomer species in one model and of dimer species in the other. While fully reversible and running in a closed system, spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) gives rise to transient chiral excursions, even when starting from a strictly achiral situation...
June 10, 2022: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35441955/gaia-as-solaris-an-alternative-default-evolutionary-trajectory
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Srdja Janković, Ana Katić, Milan M Ćirković
Now that we know that Earth-like planets are ubiquitous in the universe, as well as that most of them are much older than the Earth, it is justified to ask to what extent evolutionary outcomes on other such planets are similar, or indeed commensurable, to the outcomes we perceive around us. In order to assess the degree of specialty or mediocrity of our trajectory of biospheric evolution, we need to take into account recent advances in theoretical astrobiology, in particular (i) establishing the history of habitable planets' formation in the Galaxy, and (ii) understanding the crucial importance of "Gaian" feedback loops and temporal windows for the interaction of early life with its physical environment...
April 20, 2022: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35441954/molecular-self-assembly-as-a-trigger-of-life-origin-and-development
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dmitry V Zlenko, Anatoly M Zanin, Sergey V Stovbun
The origin and reason for the homochirality of living cells go with the problem of a relatively narrow spectrum of the actual biological monomers compared to the whole theoretically possible spectrum of amino acids or carbohydrates. A limited number of bio-monomers implies some special feature differing from all other similar molecules that are not present in the living cell. Here we propose one of the candidates for such a peculiarity: the ability to form highly elongated helical supramolecular structures (strings) when precipitating from homochiral solutions...
April 20, 2022: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35064872/the-effect-of-goethites-on-the-polymerization-of-glycine-and-alanine-under-prebiotic-chemistry-conditions
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
João Paulo T Baú, Cristine E A Carneiro, Antônio Carlos S da Costa, Daniel F Valezi, Eduardo di Mauro, Eduardo Pilau, Dimas A M Zaia
After pre concentration of monomers, polymerization is the second most important step for molecular evolution. The formation of peptides is an important issue for prebiotic chemistry and consequently for the origin of life. In this work, goethite was synthesized by two different routes, named goethite-I and goethite-II. Although both samples are goethite, Far-FT-IR spectroscopy and EPR spectroscopy showed differences between them, and these differences had an effect on the polymerization of glycine and alanine...
January 22, 2022: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34994918/ribozyme-mutagenic-evolution-mechanisms-of-survival
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carolina Diaz Arenas, Aleksandra Ardaševa, Jonathan Miller, Alexander S Mikheyev, Yohei Yokobayashi
Primeval populations replicating at high error rates required a mechanism to overcome the accumulation of mutations and information deterioration. Known strategies to overcome mutation pressures include RNA processivity, epistasis, selection, and quasispecies. We investigated the mechanism by which small molecular ribozyme populations can survive under high error rates by propagating several lineages under different mutagen concentrations. We found that every population that evolved without mutagen went extinct, while those subjected to mutagenic evolution survived...
December 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34739664/computational-study-of-the-stability-of-natural-amino-acid-isomers
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefano Crespi, Dhanalakshmi Vadivel, Alfredo Bellisario, Daniele Dondi
The secular debate on the origin of life on our planet represents one of the open challenges for the scientific community. In this endeavour, chemistry has a pivotal role in disclosing novel scenarios that allow us to understand how the formation of simple organic molecules would be possible in the early primitive geological ages of Earth. Amino acids play a crucial role in biological processes. They are known to be formed in experiments simulating primitive conditions and were found in meteoric samples retrieved throughout the years...
November 5, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34480252/does-stochasticity-favour-complexity-in-a-prebiotic-peptide-micelle-system
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rowena Ball, John Brindley
A primordial environment that hosted complex pre- or proto-biochemical activity would have been subject to random fluctuations. A relevant question is then: What might be the optimum variance of such fluctuations, such that net progress could be made towards a living system? Since lipid-based membrane encapsulation was undoubtedly a key step in chemical evolution, we used a peptide-micelle system in simulated experiments where simple micelles and peptide-stabilized micelles compete for the same amphiphilic lipid substrate...
September 3, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34694559/the-codon-usage-in-the-minimal-natural-cell
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Piotr H Pawłowski
A statistical analysis of the variation in contents with the size of the current known smallest genomes, N. deltocephalinicola, C. ruddii, N. equitans, and M. genitalium, enabled the indication of a minimal set of codons capable of naturally building a modern-type free-living unicellular organism in an early stage of evolution. Using a linear regression model, the potential codon distribution in the minimal natural cell was predicted and compared to the composition of the smallest synthetic, JCVI-Syn3.0. The distribution of the molecular weight of potentially coded amino acids was also calculated...
September 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34363564/how-the-geomagnetic-field-influences-life-on-earth-an-integrated-approach-to-geomagnetobiology
#31
REVIEW
Weronika Erdmann, Hanna Kmita, Jakub Z Kosicki, Łukasz Kaczmarek
Earth is one of the inner planets of the Solar System, but - unlike the others - it has an oxidising atmosphere, relatively stable temperature, and a constant geomagnetic field (GMF). The GMF does not only protect life on Earth against the solar wind and cosmic rays, but it also shields the atmosphere itself, thus creating relatively stable environmental conditions. What is more, the GMF could have influenced the origins of life: organisms from archaea to plants and animals may have been using the GMF as a source of spatial information since the very beginning...
August 7, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34363563/emergent-bioanalogous-properties-of-blockchain-based-distributed-systems
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oleg Abramov, Kirstin L Bebell, Stephen J Mojzsis
We apply a novel definition of biological systems to a series of reproducible observations on a blockchain-based distributed virtual machine (dVM). We find that such blockchain-based systems display a number of bioanalogous properties, such as response to the environment, growth and change, replication, and homeostasis, that fit some definitions of life. We further present a conceptual model for a simple self-sustaining, self-organizing, self-regulating distributed 'organism' as an operationally closed system that would fulfill all basic definitions and criteria for life, and describe developing technologies, particularly artificial neural network (ANN) based artificial intelligence (AI), that would enable it in the near future...
August 7, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34279769/plausible-emergence-and-self-assembly-of-a-primitive-phospholipid-from-reduced-phosphorus-on-the-primordial-earth
#33
REVIEW
Michael O Gaylor, Pere Miro, Bess Vlaisavljevich, Ashen Anuradha Suduweli Kondage, Laura M Barge, Arthur Omran, Patrick Videau, Vaille A Swenson, Lucas J Leinen, Nathaniel W Fitch, Krista L Cole, Chris Stone, Samuel M Drummond, Kayli Rageth, Lillian R Dewitt, Sarah González Henao, Vytis Karanauskus
How life arose on the primitive Earth is one of the biggest questions in science. Biomolecular emergence scenarios have proliferated in the literature but accounting for the ubiquity of oxidized (+ 5) phosphate (PO4 3- ) in extant biochemistries has been challenging due to the dearth of phosphate and molecular oxygen on the primordial Earth. A compelling body of work suggests that exogenous schreibersite ((Fe,Ni)3 P) was delivered to Earth via meteorite impacts during the Heavy Bombardment (ca. 4.1-3.8 Gya) and there converted to reduced P oxyanions (e...
July 19, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34251577/role-of-the-interchangeable-cations-on-the-sorption-of-fumaric-and-succinic-acids-on-montmorillonite-and-its-relevance-in-prebiotic-chemistry
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Meléndez-López, M Colín-García, F Ortega-Gutiérrez, J Cruz-Castañeda
It has been proposed that clays could have served as key factors in promoting the increase in complexity of organic matter in primitive terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. The aim of this work is to study the adsorption-desorption of two dicarboxylic acids, fumaric and succinic acids, onto clay minerals (sodium and iron montmorillonite). These two acids may have played a role in prebiotic chemistry, and in extant biochemistry, they constitute an important redox couple (e.g. in Krebs cycle) in extant biochemistry...
July 12, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34213704/quadruplex-world
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Besik Kankia
The RNA world hypothesis relies on the double-helix complementarity principle for both replication and catalytic activity of RNA. However, the de novo appearance of the complementarity rules, without previous evolution steps, is doubtful. Another major problem of the RNA world is its isolated nature, making it almost impossible to accommodate the genetic code and transform it into modern biochemistry. These and many other unanswered questions of the RNA world led to suggestions that some simpler molecules must have preceded RNA...
July 2, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34097191/possible-ancestral-functions-of-the-genetic-and-rna-operational-precodes-and-the-origin-of-the-genetic-system
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan A Martínez-Giménez, Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos
The origin of genetic systems is the central problem in the study of the origin of life for which various explanatory hypotheses have been presented. One model suggests that both ancestral transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) molecules and primitive ribosomes were originally involved in RNA replication (Campbell 1991). According to this model the early tRNA molecules catalyzed their own self-loading with a trinucleotide complementary to their anticodon triplet, while the primordial ribosome (protoribosome) catalyzed the transfer of these terminal trinucleotides from one tRNA to another tRNA harboring the growing RNA polymer at the 3´-end...
June 7, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33840004/correction-to-volume-50-issues-3-4
#37
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 10, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33788055/histidine-self-assembly-and-stability-on-mineral-surfaces-as-a-model-of-prebiotic-chemical-evolution-an-experimental-and-computational-approach
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Madrigal-Trejo, P S Villanueva-Barragán, R Zamudio-Ramírez, K E Cervantes-de la Cruz, I Mejía-Luna, E Chacón-Baca, A Negrón-Mendoza, S Ramos-Bernal, A Heredia-Barbero
The abiotic synthesis of histidine under experimental prebiotic conditions has proven to be chemically promising and plausible. Within this context, the present results suggest that histidine amino acid may function as a simple prebiotic catalyst able to enhance amino acid polymerization. This work describes an experimental and computational approach to the self-assembly and stabilization of DL-histidine on mineral surfaces using antigorite ((Mg, Fe)3 Si2 O5 (OH)4 ), pyrite (FeS2 ), and aragonite (CaCO3 ) as representative minerals of prebiotic scenarios, such as meteorites, and subaerial and submarine hydrothermal systems...
March 31, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33721178/did-cyclic-metaphosphates-have-a-role-in-the-origin-of-life
#39
REVIEW
Thomas Glonek
How life began still eludes science life, the initial progenote in the context presented herein, being a chemical aggregate of primordial inorganic and organic molecules capable of self-replication and evolution into ever increasingly complex forms and functions.Presented is a hypothesis that a mineral scaffold generated by geological processes and containing polymerized phosphate units was present in primordial seas that provided the initiating factor responsible for the sequestration and organization of primordial life's constituents...
March 15, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33587241/molecular-adsorption-on-cold-gas-phase-hydrogen-bonded-clusters-of-chiral-molecules
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiromori Murashima, Akimasa Fujihara
Gas-phase molecular adsorption was investigated as a model for molecular cloud formation. Molecular adsorption on cold gas-phase hydrogen-bonded clusters containing protonated tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers and monosaccharides such as methyl-α-D-glucoside, D-ribose, and D-arabinose was detected using a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source and cold ion trap. The adsorption sites on the surface of cold gas-phase hydrogen-bonded cluster ions were quantified using gas-phase N2 adsorption-mass spectrometry...
February 15, 2021: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
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