Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA

PURPOSE: The report describes a bilateral suprascapular artery (SPSA) of atypical origin in coexistence with neurovascular aberrant structures. METHODS: The variants were identified in a 91-year-old formalin-embalmed male cadaver, derived from a body donation program after a signed informed consent. RESULTS: The left-sided SPSA emanated from the 1st part of the axillary artery, coursed between the brachial plexus lateral and medial cords, accompanied by the suprascapular nerve, and passed below the superior transverse scapular ligament...

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the various branching patterns of segmental bronchi in the right middle lobe (RML) and to survey the anatomical diversity and sex-related differences of these branches in a large sample of the study population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective board-approved study with informed consent, 10,000 participants (5428 males and 4,572 females, mean age 50 ± 13.5 years [SD]; age range: 3-91 years) who underwent multi-slice CT (MSCT) scans from September 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively included...

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to demonstrate the intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle that is responsible for pain and to use this anatomic data to propose possible injection sites. METHODS: Twenty levator scapulae muscles were dissected from 16 Korean embalmed cadavers. The intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle was identified by whole-mount nerve staining to preserve and stain the nerve fibers without damage...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to morphometrically and morphologically examine the occipital condyle, which is an important anatomical region in terms of surgery and forensic medicine, and its surrounding structures, to evaluate the change in mean values according to gender and age, and to evaluate the correlation of the measurements obtained. METHODS: 180 (90 men, 90 women) CBCT images selected from the archive of Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry. Occipital Condyle length and width, Hypoglossal Canal-Basion distance, Hypoglossal Canal-Opistion distance, Hypoglossal Canal-Occipital Condyle anterior and posterior border distance, Occipital Condyle thickness, Hypoglossal Canal length, the widest diameter of Hypoglossal Canal, the narrowest diameter of the Hypoglossal Canal, the length of the Jugular Tubercle, the width of the Jugular Tubercle, the anterior intercondylar distance, the posterior intercondylar distance, and the Foramen Magnum index were measured...

Agenesis of the salivary glands is an extremely uncommon finding, and in the majority of cases, it is associated with facial syndromes or malformations. Reports in the literature have, however, indicated that agenesis of the major salivary glands can occur in isolation, and this anomaly is believed to occur due to a failure in the developmental process. Herein, we present two cases of isolated unilateral agenesis of major salivary glands.

BACKGROUND: The sural nerve (SN) supplies the posterolateral aspect of the leg and the lateral aspects of the ankle and foot and descends through the gastrocnemius muscle along the lower third of leg. Because in-depth knowledge about SN anatomy is essential for clinical and surgical approaches, our study aims to review SN anatomical patterns. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science, and SpringerLink databases to find relevant articles for meta-analysis...

PURPOSE: The current cadaveric report describes a rare case of a thyroidea ima artery (TIA) with multiple branching pattern over the trachea. METHODS: A cadaver dissection of the neck and thorax region of a formalin-embalmed 90-year-old male cadaver of a body donor took place. The body donation was made after a signed informed consent. RESULTS: The TIA variant originated from the brachiocephalic artery before its bifurcation into the right common carotid artery (CCA) and right subclavian artery (SCA)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The nasal base muscles are of great functional importance in health and disease. Particularly, the one lacking terminological consensus, but often termed as myrtiformis muscle, which has been mostly omitted by anatomists may have significance for rhinoplasty. The purpose of the current study was to re-examine the anatomical features of myrtiformis muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conducted on 40 sides of 20 formalin-fixed amputated heads, we followed a dissection routine to fully expose the origin and insertion sites of the nasal base muscles...

PURPOSE: Variations of the extensor pollicis longus are rare. When present, these include a separate extensor pollicis longus muscle, tendon or an intertendinous connection with nearby tendons within the deep extensor compartment of the forearm. Here, we report an extremely rare variation of an accessory extensor pollicis longus originating from the extensor digitorum. METHODS: An unusual muscle was found during the routine dissection forearm of a 71 year-old at death male cadaver...

PURPOSE: Many variations in the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) have been reported. To our knowledge, only one case of a PICA originating from the posterior meningeal artery (PMA) has been reported. METHODS: We describe a case with a PICA that was supplied retrograde from the distal segment of the PMA, mimicking a dural arteriovenous fistula on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). RESULTS: A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a sudden occipital headache and nausea...

PURPOSE: According to the anthropological importance of soft facial tissue thickness parameters, we aimed to find the association of these parameters with Lur and Arab ethnicities, gender and body mass index (BMI). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. METHODS: As a secondary analysis, SEM was performed on a dataset of 100 participants. The participants were from Lur and Arab populations of Ahvaz province, Iran, from those who referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to headache...

PURPOSE: Anatomic variations at the junction of primitive internal carotid and basilar arteries are exceedingly rare. We aimed at reporting such rare variants involving the posterior communicating artery (PComA) and the P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery (PCA). METHODS: The circle of Willis was dissected in an adult cadaver after removal of the cranial vault and cerebral hemispheres. RESULTS: The basilar end was rotated axially to the right...

We present a rare case of ossification of the falx cerebri in a 25-year-old man, discovered incidentally on a craniofacial computed tomodensitometry (CT) scanner. This ossification presented a true cortico-medullary differentiation and pushed aside the right frontal lobe. There was no associated clinical manifestation.

BACKGROUND: Transvaginal suspension procedures often use the sacrospinous ligament (SSL), which attaches onto the ischial spine (IS). However, nerve-related sequelae (e.g., sciatic nerve injury) following such procedures have been reported. Therefore, the current anatomical study was performed to better understand these relationships. Additionally, three case illustrations of patients with injury to the sciatic nerve following sacrospinous ligament suspension procedures are included to exemplify the significance of a thorough knowledge of this anatomy...

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PURPOSE: The infratemporal fossa contains important neurovascular components and is directly related to other anatomical regions and structures. The morphometric distances between the bones forming its borders have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometry of the infratemporal fossa. METHODS: 3D models of the skull of 83 individuals were reconstructed from DICOM datasets, from which length, depth and width measurements were determined and compared between genders and the right and left sides...

BACKGROUND: The degree of mastoid pneumatization of the temporal bone (TB) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of TB diseases and surgical implications, and planning of a few otologic surgeries. However, there is lack of consensus in the classification of the degree of pneumatization. This study aimed to suggest a simple, quick, and less-burden classification system for assessing and rating the degree of pneumatization by comparing two levels of TB computed tomographs (CTs) using the SS as a reference in an inter-observer assessment among otologists...

PURPOSE: The right gastric artery (RGA) supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach. The prevalence of variations in RGA origins can be of interests to students, surgeons, and radiologists who wish to increase their understanding of this vessel. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the origin of the RGA. METHODS: The PRISMA 2020 checklist was followed. Electronic databases, currently registered studies, conference proceedings and the reference lists of included studies were searched...

PURPOSE: Exhaustive literature is available on the metacarpophalangeal joints of the long fingers, but the dorsal ligamentous structure overlaying the interosseous muscles and joining the metacarpal heads of the long fingers remains to be fully characterized. Previously, our surgical hand team observed a non-classically reported structure connecting the metacarpal heads of the long fingers, in the dorsal part of the intermetacarpal spaces. Therefore, the aim of this anatomical study was to characterize this ligamentous structure in terms of size, insertions, and anatomical position...

PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND: The specialized literature has a low degree of information regarding the origin of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA). Our study was performed on computed tomography angiographies (CTAs), and the following aspects were observed: the origin of the ITA from the subclavian artery (SCA) or thyrocervical trunk (TCT), taking note of the distance of the origin of the ITA in relation to the origin of the SCA or the corresponding TCT, as well as the origin of the ITA, comparing right to left and according to gender...