Journal of Thoracic Imaging

PURPOSE: To assess the association between interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and worse outcome in patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19)-related pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients older than 18 years, who were admitted at the emergency department between February 29 and April 30, 2020 with findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at chest computed tomography (CT), with positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction nasal-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2, and with the availability of prepandemic chest CT...

Ischemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. For the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, some form of cardiac stress test involving exercise or pharmacological stimulation continues to play an important role, despite advances within modalities like computer tomography for the noninvasive detection and characterization of epicardial coronary lesions. Among noninvasive stress imaging tests, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) combines several capabilities that are highly relevant for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease: assessment of wall motion abnormalities, myocardial perfusion imaging, and depiction of replacement and interstitial fibrosis markers by late gadolinium enhancement techniques and T1 mapping...

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CAD) system in identifying active pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiographs (CRs) of patients with positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results in different scenarios of clinical implementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected the CRs of consecutive patients with positive IGRA results. Findings of active pulmonary tuberculosis on CRs were independently evaluated by the CAD and a thoracic radiologist, followed by interpretation using the CAD...

PURPOSE: Shortened injection durations are not recommended in step-and-shoot coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We aimed to evaluate the image quality of CCTA performed using bodyweight-adjusted iodinated contrast media (ICM) with different injection durations to generate an optimized ICM administration protocol to acquire convincible image quality in step-and-shoot CCTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled in group A (N=50, 350 mgI/mL, bodyweight×0...

PURPOSE: To assess automated coronary artery calcium (CAC) and quantitative emphysema (percentage of low attenuation areas [%LAA]) for predicting mortality and lung cancer (LC) incidence in LC screening. To explore correlations between %LAA, CAC, and forced expiratory value in 1 second (FEV1) and the discriminative ability of %LAA for airflow obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline low-dose computed tomography scans of the BioMILD trial were analyzed using an artificial intelligence software...

PURPOSE: To explore the role of quantitative plaque analysis and fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) derived from coronary computed angiography (CCTA) in evaluating plaque progression (PP). METHODS: A total of 248 consecutive patients who underwent serial CCTA examinations were enrolled. All patients' images were analyzed quantitatively by plaque analysis software. The quantitative analysis indexes included diameter stenosis (%DS), plaque length, plaque volume (PV), calcified PV, noncalcified PV, minimum lumen area (MLA), and remodeling index (RI)...

PURPOSE: The present study investigates the diagnostic efficiency of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating between malignant and benign cavitary lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 45 consecutive patients identified with a cavitary lung lesion with a wall thickness of ≥5 mm on thoracic computed tomography in our clinic between 2020 and 2022, and who underwent thoracic DWI within 1 week of their original computed tomography...

Antimalarial-induced cardiomyopathy is under-recognized in clinical practice and there is limited data on the evolution of cardiac imaging abnormalities after cessation of anti-malarial therapy. In this case series of 9 patients with antimalarial-induced cardiomyopathy, follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated interval increase in late gadolinium enhancement extent in 89% of patients and interval decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction in all, despite cessation of anti-malarial therapy...

BACKGROUND: Increased pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation derived from coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) relates to coronary inflammation and cardiac mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between CT-derived characterization of different cardiac fat compartments and myocardial ischemia as assessed by computed fractional flow reserve (FFRCT). METHODS: In all, 133 patients (median 64 y, 74% male) with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent CTA including FFRCT measurement followed by invasive FFR assessment (FFRINVASIVE)...

Prospective head-to-head comparison of coronary calcium scores between standard computed tomography (CT) and photon-counting CT show no significant differences, while photon-counting CT administers substantially lower radiation dose.

PURPOSE: To identify imaging parameters that can help in the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade on non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography (CT) of the chest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 64 patients who had undergone CT and echocardiography for evaluation of cardiac tamponade. Of 64 patients, 34 were diagnosed with tamponade and underwent pericardiocentesis for further diagnosis and treatment. CT measurements obtained were: pericardial effusion (PeEff) pocket size in 6 locations (anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, right, and left lateral), pericardial thickening, diameters of the coronary sinus, upper superior vena cava, lower superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the optimal measurement site of coronary-computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) for the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the whole clinical routine practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study included 396 CAD patients who underwent coronary-computed tomography angiography, FFRCT, and invasive FFR. FFRCT was measured at 1 cm (FFRCT-1 cm), 2 cm (FFRCT-2 cm), 3 cm (FFRCT-3 cm), and 4 cm (FFRCT-4 cm) distal to coronary stenosis, respectively...

OBJECTIVE: Noninvasive measurement of myocardial work (MW) incorporates left ventricular (LV) pressure, and, therefore, allows correction of global longitudinal strain for changing afterload conditions. We sought to investigate MW as a tool to detect early signs of LV dysfunction in primary systemic hypertension patients, particularly with different predictive indices. METHODS AND RESULTS: None left ventricular hypertrophy (NLVH) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) patients established were all primary systemic hypertension with preserved ejection fraction...

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Syphilis can cause a wide range of systemic manifestations, such as papular rash, malaise, weight loss, muscle aches, generalized lymphadenopathy, and meningitis. However, pulmonary involvement in patients with secondary syphilis is thought to be relatively rare. Moreover, bone involvement in patients with secondary syphilis is also considered rare, and only a few cases of involvement of lung and bone in such patients have been reported. In this paper, we report a case of secondary syphilis with pulmonary involvement in the form of multiple nodules with low attenuation areas, lymphadenopathy and multiple bone lesions detected on computed tomography and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.