Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

PURPOSE: We evaluated the correlation between quantitative background activities on electroencephalography (EEG) and serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy as well as a diagnostic value of prognostication. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest from March 2010 to March 2020. The inclusion criteria were (1) older than the age of 16 years and (2) patients who had both EEG and NSE...

PURPOSE: Photosensitivity is a phenomenon that may be elicited by standardized intermittent photic stimulation during EEG recording and is detected more frequently in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, at our Epilepsy Center, we routinely assess photosensitivity in all newly referred adult patients. In this investigation, we sought to address the diagnostic yield under the prerequisites described. METHODS: We reanalyzed all routine EEG recordings among referrals to the department of adults during the first six months of 2019, including a simultaneous video that is always coregistered in our center...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: Temporal encephaloceles are a cause of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy; however, their relationship with epileptogenesis is unclear, and optimal surgical resection is uncertain. EEG source localization (ESL) may guide surgical decision-making. METHODS: We reviewed patients at Mayo Clinic Rochester with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and temporal encephaloceles, who underwent limited resection and had 1-year outcomes. EEG source localization was performed using standard density scalp EEG of ictal and interictal activity...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: The authors aimed to analyze the possible relationship of the late response of trigemino-cervical reflex (TCR) with various clinical conditions having brainstem lesions and lesion localizations in the brainstem. METHODS: The authors enrolled 30 healthy subjects, 16 patients with stroke, 14 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 9 patients with neuro-Behçet disease. All patients had at least one MRI, and lesion localization was classified into midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, or their combinations...

INTRODUCTION: The difference in muscle ultrasound (MUS) characteristics in primary axonal degeneration and demyelination has not been well established. The authors aimed to investigate the subject based on the correlation between MUS findings (echo intensity and muscle thickness) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. METHODS: Fifteen patients with ALS and 16 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy were examined...

PURPOSE: The clinical utility of pediatric ambulatory-EEG (A-EEG) has been studied for decades, but limited information exists regarding which variables influence its utility. The authors aimed to evaluate clinical/EEG variables that may influence A-EEG yields and to develop a pathway for A-EEG utilization in children. METHODS: Single-center retrospective review of A-EEGs performed from July 2019 to January 2021 in a tertiary referral center. The primary outcome was whether the A-EEG test successfully answered the referring physician's clinical question or influenced therapy...

PURPOSE: Lateralized rhythmic delta activity (LRDA) is highly associated with seizures but generalized rhythmic delta activity (GRDA; symmetric by definition) has no known seizure association. A subset of LRDA includes patterns that are "bilateral asymmetric LRDA" (LRDA-ba), falling between purely unilateral LRDA and GRDA. The significance of this finding has not been previously addressed. METHODS: Clinical, EEG, and imaging findings were reviewed in all patients with >6 hours of continuous EEG and LRDA-ba between 2014 and 2019...

The responsive neurostimulator continuously monitors the electrocorticogram. It delivers short bursts of high-frequency electrical stimulation when personalized patterns are detected. Intracranial EEG recording including electrocorticography is susceptible to artifacts, albeit at a lesser frequency compared with scalp recording. The authors describe a novel case of a patient with focal epilepsy, bitemporal responsive neurostimulation, and seizures without self-awareness manifest as focal impaired awareness seizures adversely affecting memory...

Sport-related concussion (SRC) has been defined as a subset of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), without structural abnormalities, reflecting a functional disturbance. Over the past decade, SRC has gained increasing awareness and attention, which coincides with an increase in incidence rates. Because this injury has been considered one of the most challenging encounters for clinicians, there is a need for objective biomarkers to aid in diagnosis (i.e., presence/severity) and management (i.e., return to sport) of SRC/mTBI...

PURPOSE: Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in thoracoabdominal aneurysms (TAAA) is essential to avoid intraoperative spinal cord injury). Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials may be considered intraoperative tools for detecting spinal cord injury. H-reflex is a well-known neurophysiologic technique to evaluate L5-S1 root. Current evidence supports the observation that H-reflex changes may occur with spinal cord damage as high as the cervical level. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the H-reflex in these surgeries...

PURPOSE: Pediatric intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been shown to be effective in preventing and reversing postoperative neurological deficits in developed countries. There are currently no published studies from developing countries that describe neurophysiological findings and postoperative outcomes. Our study aims to address these gaps in children undergoing neurosurgical procedures in a single center. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of case series of children who underwent IONM (2014-2020) in the State of Mexico, Mexico...

PURPOSE: Brain tissue hypoxia is associated with poor outcomes after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Although invasive brain oxygenation (PbtO2) monitoring is available, noninvasive methods assessing correlates to brain tissue hypoxia are needed. We investigated EEG characteristics associated with brain tissue hypoxia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 19 pediatric traumatic brain injury patients undergoing multimodality neuromonitoring that included PbtO2 and quantitative electroencephalography(QEEG)...

The tibial nerve is bound tightly to the posterior tibial artery in the tarsal tunnel where expansion capacity is limited. Therefore, the nerve may be vulnerable to, and damaged by chronic pulsatile trauma from an atypically positioned overriding artery, labeled "punched-nerve syndrome". In this article, we present a 49-year-old woman who presented with two months of severe burning pain in the left medial ankle and sole of the foot without antecedent trauma. Neurological examination identified dysesthetic sensation to light touch in the left medial sole of the foot, and both active and passive dorsiflexion worsened the painful paresthesia...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: Previous ultrasonographic studies of individuals with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) have shown nerve enlargement at several sites. This prospective study compares only the bilateral median and ulnar nerves of individuals with CIDP with reference values to determine the clinical usefulness of this focused approach as a diagnostic tool. METHODS: The cross-sectional area, echogenicity, and vascularity of the bilateral median and ulnar nerves of 25 subjects with CIDP were measured using ultrasound...

PURPOSE: Winged scapula (WS) is a functionally disabling problem and it occurs because of neurogenic causes frequently. The authors aimed to assess WS patients by physical and electrodiagnostic examinations as well as some further investigations and define the common causes of WS. METHODS: The authors reviewed clinical and neurophysiological findings of 52 patients who were referred for electrodiagnostic examination because of WS in the period of 20 years. RESULTS: The mean age was 39 (range, 11-73) years and 32 were male patients...