Bone

Bone void is a novel intuitive morphological indicator to assess bone quality but its use in vertebrae has not been described. This cross-sectional and multi-center study aimed to investigate the distribution of bone voids in the thoracolumbar spine in Chinese adults based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT). A bone void was defined as a trabecular net region with extremely low bone mineral density (BMD) (<40 mg/cm3 ), detected by an algorithm based on phantom-less technology. A total of 464 vertebrae from 152 patients (51...

In tissue engineering, the fate of a particular organ/tissue regeneration and repair mainly depends on three pillars - 3D architecture, cells used, and stimulus provided. 3D cell supportive structure development is one of the crucial pillars necessary for defining organ/tissue geometry and shape. In recent years, the advancements in 3D bio-printing (additive manufacturing) made it possible to develop very precise 3D architectures with the help of industrial software like Computer-Aided Design (CAD). The main requirement for the 3D printing process is the bio-ink, which can act as a source for cell support, proliferation, drug (growth factors, stimulators) delivery, and organ/tissue shape...

OBJECTIVE: Subjects with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of fractures. We aimed to identify discrepancies in the first type of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and anti-osteoporotic therapy between subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and subjects without diabetes. Methods and research design. We conducted a retrospective national cohort study by access to all discharge diagnoses (ICD-10 system) and redeemed drug prescriptions (ATC classification system). We included all subjects alive and Danish citizens in 2010 and identified subjects with T2D diagnosed after the age of 50 between 1998 and 2018...

BACKGROUND: Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a rare genetic bone disease caused by a somatic mutation in the GNAS gene. Currently used bone turnover markers (BTMs) do not correlate with the clinical picture and are not useful to predict or monitor therapy success. This study assessed the correlation of RANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG ratio, IL-6 and sclerostin with the classic BTMs alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen type 1 propeptide (P1NP) and beta crosslaps (CTX), with pain, skeletal burden score (SBS) and response to bisphosphonate or denosumab treatment...

BACKGROUND: Assessment of cortical bone porosity and geometry by imaging in vivo can provide useful information about bone quality that is independent of bone mineral density (BMD). Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI techniques of measuring cortical bone porosity and geometry have been extensively validated in preclinical studies and have recently been shown to detect impaired bone quality in vivo in patients with osteoporosis. However, these techniques rely on laborious image segmentation, which is clinically impractical...

The morphology of the growth plate undergoes various transformations during each stage of development, affecting its shape, width, density, and other characteristics. This significantly impacts the distribution of stress in the epiphysis of long bones. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to examine the relationship between growth plate morphology and trabecular bone patterns. Our analysis was conducted using a finite element model and we analyzed two medical cases: trabecular patterns in the femoral epiphysis and the calcaneus bone...

Bone metastases develop in >90 % of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) through complex interactions between the bone microenvironment and tumor cells. Previous androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), which is known to cause bone loss, as well as anti-resorptive agents such as zoledronic acid (ZA), used to prevent skeletal complications, may influence these interactions and thereby the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow (BM). Here, a spontaneously metastatic xenograft tumor model of human PCa was further optimized to mimic the common clinical situation of ADT (castration) combined with primary tumor resection in vivo...

Discovery in 1904 of the disorder initially called "marble bones", then in 1926 more appropriately referred to as "osteopetrosis", is attributed to Heinrich E. Albers-Schönberg (1865-1921), the first radiologist. He used the new technique of Röntgenography to report in a young man the radiographic hallmarks of this osteopathy. Clinical descriptions of lethal forms of osteopetrosis had apparently been published earlier by others. Here, I review the discovery and early understanding of osteopetrosis...

Anti-resorptive therapy (AT) increases insulin resistance and decrease insulin secretion through reduced undercarboxylated osteocalcin in mice. However, there are inconsistent findings regarding the impact of AT use on the risk of diabetes mellitus in humans. We examined the association between AT and incident diabetes mellitus using classical and Bayesian meta-analysis. We searched Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for studies listed from database inception to 25 February 2022...

BACKGROUND: Increased levels of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) are negatively associated with skeletal health and hematopoiesis. BMAT is known to increase with age; however, the effect of long-term weight loss on BMAT is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined BMAT response to lifestyle-induced weight loss in 138 participants (mean age 48 y; mean body mass index 31 kg/m2 ), who participated in the CENTRAL-MRI trial. METHODS: Participants were randomized for dietary intervention of low-fat or low-carb, with or without physical activity...

Osteoporosis is a consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) that leads to fragility fractures. Visual assessment of bone scans suggests regional variation in bone loss, but this has not been objectively characterised. In addition, substantial inter-individual variation in bone loss following SCI has been reported but it is unclear how to identify fast bone losers. Therefore, to examine regional bone loss, tibial bone parameters were assessed in 13 individuals with SCI (aged 16-76 years). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans at 4 % and 66 % tibia length were acquired within 5 weeks, 4 months and 12 months postinjury...

OBJECTIVES: Bone age (BA) measurement in children is used to evaluate skeletal maturity and helps in the diagnosis of growth disorders in children. The two most used methods are Greulich and Pyle (GP), and Tanner and Whitehouse 3 (TW3), both based upon assessment of a hand-wrist radiograph. To our knowledge no study has compared and validated the two methods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and only a few have determined BA despite it being a region where skeletal maturity is often impaired for example by HIV and malnutrition...

The Cre/Lox system has revolutionized the ability of biomedical researchers to ask very specific questions about the function of individual genes in specific cell types at specific times during development and/or disease progression in a variety of animal models. This is true in the skeletal biology field, and numerous Cre driver lines have been created to foster conditional gene manipulation in specific subpopulations of bone cells. However, as our ability to scrutinize these models increases, an increasing number of issues have been identified with most driver lines...

FBXO11 is the substrate-recognition component of a ubiquitin ligase complex called SKP1-cullin-F-boxes. The role of FBXO11 in bone development is unexplored. In this study, we reported a novel mechanism of how bone development is regulated by FBXO11. FBXO11 gene knockdown by lentiviral transduction in mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells leads to reduced osteogenic differentiation, while overexpressing FBXO11 accelerates their osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, we generated two osteoblastic-specific FBXO11 conditional knockout mouse models, Col1a1-ERT2-FBXO11KO and Bglap2-FBXO11KO mice...

This study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental extractions in patients receiving antiresorptive agents for osteoporosis or bone metastases. 240 patients with a median drug exposure of 43 months were retrospectively studied. The incidence of MRONJ after dental extraction in the osteoporosis cohort was 2.7 % per person-year (95 % CI 1.6-4.6 %) (n = 13/126), and for the bone metastases cohort 26...

BACKGROUND: European and Australian studies have reported a decrease in the prevalence, incidence and clinical severity of Paget's disease of bone (PDB). There are no studies on the current clinical characteristics of PDB in Quebec, Canada. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of unrelated patients with PDB diagnosed after the year 2000 in our region and to compare them to a historical cohort diagnosed before 2000. METHODS: In this retrospective descriptive cohort study, socio-demographic data and clinical characteristics for the contemporary cohort were collected from electronic medical records of patients with PDB followed at our university hospital...

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Beneficial effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone mass and architecture are described to either simply add to, or to synergise with those of mechanical loading. We evaluate whether interaction with in vivo loading is reinforced by PTH dosing regimen and exhibits compartment-specific sensitivities. Female 12-week-old C57Bl6 mice received daily (7/7) or interrupted 5 day/week (5/7) PTH for 3 weeks (two vehicle groups). All mice had six loading episodes (12N) applied to right tibia (left, non-loaded) for the last 2 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), as a disease of congenital bone dysplasia, is often accompanied by the abnormal alteration of bone absorption and bone formation. DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) can regulate the gene expression involved in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Dnmts changes and their effects on bone cells under OI is poorly understood. METHODS: The Dnmts expression in adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), bone marrow derived pre-osteoclasts (pre-Ocs) and femurs of Col1a2oim/+ and Col1a1+/-365 mice, both modeling mild OI types, were determined...

INTRODUCTION: We assessed whether collagen supplementation augments the effects of high-impact exercise on bone turnover and whether a higher exercise frequency results in a greater benefit for bone metabolism. METHODS: In this randomized, cross-over trial, 14 healthy males (age 24 ± 4 y, BMI 22.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2 ) performed 5-min of high-impact exercise once (JUMP+PLA and JUMP+COL) or twice daily (JUMP2 + COL2) during a 3-day intervention period...