Alcohol

The central amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are reciprocally connected nodes of the extended amygdala thought to play an important role in alcohol consumption. Studies of immediate-early genes indicate that BNST and CeA are acutely activated following alcohol drinking and may signal alcohol reward in nondependent drinkers, while stress signaling in the extended amygdala following chronic alcohol exposure drives increased drinking via negative reinforcement. However, the temporal dynamics of neuronal activation in these regions during drinking behavior are poorly understood...

Recently, researchers have proposed an updated model of executive functions that includes relational integration, the mental ability to bind information into more complex structures. Hangover is known to disrupt other core components of executive functions, but little is known about how it influences relational integration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how hangover influences performance on a relational integration task. Twenty-seven participants completed an online relational integration task, mood and emotion regulation questionnaires during a hangover and no-hangover condition in this naturalistic design study...

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are one of the most common causes of mental disability in the world. Despite efforts to increase public awareness of the risks of drinking during pregnancy, epidemiological studies indicate a prevalence of 1-6% in all births. There is growing evidence that deficits in sensory processing may contribute to social problems observed in FASD. Multisensory (MS) integration occurs when a combination of inputs from two sensory modalities leads to enhancement or suppression of neuronal firing...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the progression from diagnosis to cirrhosis and subsequent survival in patients with alcohol use disorder, with a specific focus on identifying potential disparities in health outcomes. METHOD: Employing a STROBE-compliant, retrospective cohort design, we analyzed data from patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder from January 2000 to December 2022, using the University of California Health Data Warehouse...

BACKGROUND: Previously, we reported that recovery-like behavior decreases stimulus control over drinking, and this likely plays a role in the clinical observation that longer recovery increases relapse resistance. Those studies were conducted using a procedure that required repeated assessment, preventing a longitudinal analysis of the changes in stimulus control over time in each individual. Here we recapitulate those results and extend them to female rats using a more efficient procedure that allows repeated assessment of changes in stimulus control over drinking during recovery...

OBJECTIVES: Alcohol consumption is not uncommon among people with HIV (PWH) and may exacerbate HIV-induced intestinal damage, and further lead to dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. This study aimed to determine the changes in the faecal microbiota and its association with alcohol consumption in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022, and 93 participants were recruited. To investigate the alterations of alcohol misuse on fecal microbiology in HIV-infected individuals, we performed 16s rDNA gene sequencing on fecal samples from the low to moderate drinking (n=21) and non-drinking (n=72) groups...

The general aim is to identify the explanatory potential of Alcohol use intentions in drinking behaviors in a sample of adolescents in Ecuador. The method consists of a descriptive, explanatory and cross-sectional study using SEM techniques. The participants were 384 adolescents (57% male and 43% female), aged among 14 and 18 years (M= 16.51; SD= 2.64), who are students attending between the 1st and 3rd year of high school in a public educational institution in Ambato, Ecuador. Like principal results, the presence of Alcohol use intention is moderate; the practice of alcohol use is low and mostly does not represent a risk, although 3...

Problem drinking affects not only the health of a population but also the productivity of a nation, especially if it is rampant among the working population. This study examines the association between problem drinking and work characteristics, work-family status, and social situation among the Japanese working population. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed on the basis of gender on 3136 participants (men: 65.1%, women: 34.9%), adopted from the Japanese Civil Servants Study in 2014 (response rate: 87...

Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic that increases central nervous system (CNS) protein expression of the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and xCT and ameliorates pathological behaviors in rodent models of neurological disease and substance use disorder. However, little ceftriaxone passes through the blood-brain-barrier, the CNS binding partner of ceftriaxone is unknown, and ceftriaxone does not consistently upregulate GLT-1 and xCT in cell culture. Ceftriaxone alters the gut microbiome composition in rodents and humans, and the microbiome-gut-brain axis regulates drug-seeking...

Excessive intake plays a significant role in the development of alcohol use disorder and impacts 15 million Americans annually, with approximately 88,000 dying from alcohol related deaths. Several facets we contribute to alcohol use disorder include impulsivity, motivation, and attention. Previous studies have used the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-Choice) to analyze these types of behaviors using sugar, but recently we have published using 10% alcohol as the reward. This study analyzed 48 mice that were trained to respond for alcohol in the 5-Choice...

Our aim was to evaluate whether alcohol use is associated with changes in the circulating metabolite profile similar to those present in persons with depression. If so, these findings could partially explain the link between alcohol use and depression. We applied a targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to evaluate correlates between concentrations of 86 circulating metabolites and self-reported alcohol use in a cohort of the non-depressed general population (GP) (n = 247) and a cohort of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 99)...

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are abundant in serum and have emerged as important regulators of gene expression, implicating them in a wide range of diseases. The purpose of this study was to discover and validate serum miRNAs in prediabetes associated with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). METHOD: Serum samples from ADS patients with or without prediabetes and normoglycemic controls were subjected to microarray. Validation of identified candidate miRNAs was performed by RT-qPCR...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has significant social and economic consequences in addition to health implications. Alcohol and drug use are linked to violence, particularly intimate partner violence and domestic violence. Identifying the characteristics of individuals with AUD and a history of domestic violence is important. Our study aimed to investigate differences between AUD patients with and without domestic violence. METHODS: This retrospective study examined the medical records of individuals diagnosed with AUD participating in a central Taiwan alcohol treatment program from 2019 to 2020...

Research confirms that stress is associated with alcohol drinking and relapse in males and females and that there are sex differences in the alcohol-related adaptations of stress pathways. The predator stress (PS) model of traumatic stress produces an increase in alcohol drinking or self-administration in a subpopulation of rodents, so it is utilized as an animal model of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work determined that sensitivity to PS-enhanced drinking produced sex differences in proteins related to stress-regulating systems in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus...

The purpose of this study was to attempt to verify the existence of a relationship between internal resources (self-esteem and self-efficacy) and motivation (decisional balance) to undergo treatment in prisoners with alcohol addiction participating in a voluntary treatment as well as referred to obligatory addiction treatment based on a court decision. The study was carried out in penitentiary units in various parts of Poland in 2018-2019. Participants completed the Decision Balance Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory twice - before and after addiction treatment...

BACKGROUND: Sleep medication use is an indicator of underlying sleep problems that might be induced by various factors such as alcohol use. However, the longitudinal relationship between drinking and sleep problems remains poorly understood. We investigated associations between sleep medication and alcohol use throughout adulthood, and examined the role of familial and potential confounding factors contributing to these associations. METHODS: We used information of zygosity and self-report questionnaire data over a follow-up period of 36 years from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort (N=13,851)...

BACKGROUND: HIV transmission remains a significant health concern for men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is related to increased rates of condomless anal intercourse (CAI) among MSM, though evidence suggests that this association may vary by individual difference factors. The present secondary analysis tested whether sexual alcohol expectancies (SAEs) moderate the associations between frequency of HED and anal intercourse (AI) with and without a condom among moderate-to-heavy drinking HIV- MSM...

Exposure to alcohol during fetal development can lead to structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellum, a brain region responsible for motor coordination, balance, and specific cognitive functions. In this systematic review, we comprehensively analyze a vast body of research conducted on vertebrate animals and humans over the past 13 years. We identified studies through PubMed and screened them following PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction and quality analysis were conducted using Covidence systematic review software...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.