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Journals Journal of Radioanalytical and...

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

https://read.qxmd.com/read/34092837/determination-of-pu-239-in-urine-by-sector-field-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-sf-icp-ms-using-an-automated-offline-sample-preparation-technique
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ge Xiao, Robert L Jones
Here we report a new procedure to determine Pu-239 in urine using a custom-made automated pre-analytical processing system (single probe) with Pu-242 as a tracer followed by analysis by SF-ICP-MS. An average Pu-242 recovery rate of 88% was obtained with CF-ThU-1000 columns reused >100 times. Analytical results agree with measurements obtained using the CDC manual method with a R2 of 0.9994. Results for Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reference materials (RM) align with target values with a bias range of -3...
February 2021: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34413559/universal-use-of-alpha-beta-mode-in-liquid-scintillation-counting-analysis-for-both-alpha-beta-and-single-nuclide-determination
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olga Piraner, Robert L Jones
Nuclear industry advancements and growing concerns about environmental contamination and terrorist activity have increased interest in quantifying radioisotopes in environmental and human samples. Increased presence in the environment, ease of entry into the food chain, nuclear medicine applications, and the possibility of radiological terrorism incidents can lead to human intake of these radionuclides [1,2]. A universal method to screen for and quantify individual radionuclides as well as both levels of alpha and beta emitters would address these concerns...
January 28, 2021: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34413560/urine-gross-alpha-beta-bioassay-method-development-using-liquid-scintillation-counting-techniques
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olga Piraner, Robert L Jones
In the case of a radiological or nuclear incident, valuable information could be obtained in a timely manner by using Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) technique through fast screening of urine samples from potentially contaminated persons. This work describes the optimization of LSC parameters on PerkinElmer (PE) Tri-Carb and Quantulus GCT series instruments to develop a rapid method for screening urine in an emergency response situation.
January 3, 2021: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34720316/review-of-the-analysis-of-234-th-in-small-volume-2-4-l-seawater-samples-improvements-and-recommendations
#24
REVIEW
Samantha J Clevenger, Claudia R Benitez-Nelson, Jessica Drysdale, Steven Pike, Viena Puigcorbé, Ken O Buesseler
The short-lived radionuclide 234 Th is widely used to study particle scavenging and transport from the upper ocean to deeper waters. This manuscript optimizes, reviews and validates the collection, processing and analyses of total 234 Th in seawater and suggests areas of further improvements. The standard 234 Th protocol method consists of scavenging 234 Th from seawater via a MnO2 precipitate, beta counting, and using chemical recoveries determined by adding 230 Th. The revised protocol decreases sample volumes to 2 L, shortens wait times between steps, and simplifies the chemical recovery process, expanding the ability to more rapidly and safely apply the 234 Th method...
2021: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34413562/urine-strontium-90-sr-90-manual-and-automated-pre-analytical-separation-followed-by-liquid-scintillation-counting
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olga Piraner, Robert L Jones
Responding to a radiological or nuclear incident may require assessing tens to hundreds of thousands of people for possible radionuclide contamination. The measurement of radioactive Sr is important because of its impact on people's health. The existing analytical method for urine Sr-90 analysis using crown ethers is laborious and involves possible exposure to concentrated acids; therefore, this work is devoted to the development of the automated Sr-90 separation process, which became possible with the prep Fast pre-analytical system (Elemental Scientific, Inc)...
2021: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33071418/impact-of-lockdown-during-covid-19-pandemic-on-annual-effective-dose-equivalent-values-of-natural-gamma-radiation
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manoj Kumar Jindal, Santosh Kumar Sar
The study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on values of annual effective dose equivalent of the natural gamma dose rate of Balod, Durg and Bemetara districts of Chhattisgarh (India). COVID-19 is a severe problem for many countries and to control and prevent the spread of this problem, the lockdown approach has been implemented in many countries, including India. In this lockdown situation, almost all people stay at home for 24 h. Due to the present status of COVID-19, the Indian government also fixed the 67 days lockdown and one day was already successfully done as Janta Curfew, which worked the same as a lockdown...
October 12, 2020: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32601515/electrochemical-precipitation-of-neptunium-with-a-micro-electrochemical-quartz-crystal-microbalance
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adan Schafer Medina, Gretchen Tibbits, Nathalie A Wall, Cornelius F Ivory, Sue B Clark, Haluk Beyenal
Microliter volumes are used in electrochemical detection and preconcentration of radionuclides to reduce the dose received by researchers and equipment. Unfortunately, there is a lack of analysis of radionuclides with coupled electrochemical techniques and microliter volume reactors. The goals of this work are 1) to develop a miniaturized micro-electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (µeQCM) reactor for use in small volume (50-200 µL) electrogravimetric experiments and 2) to use this reactor to characterize the preconcentration of neptunium on carbon electrodes via electroprecipitation...
June 2020: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32419716/determination-of-237-np-and-239-pu-in-urine-using-sector-field-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-sf-icp-ms
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ge Xiao, Yongzhong Liu, Robert L Jones
Measuring 237 Np and 239 Pu in urine at low levels is important for both biomonitoring and radiological emergency response. Here we report a newly developed and validated analytical method used to determine 237 Np and 239 Pu in urine by selective retention of Np and Pu from 2mL of urine directly onto TEVA® resin followed by SF-ICP-MS (coupled to a membrane desolvating introduction system) detection. The method provides solid phase extraction of Np/Pu with observed recovery ratios ranging from 89% to 113% and rapid results with limits of detection well below recommended detection guidelines for children and pregnant women (NCRP 161 reference)...
March 23, 2020: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34413558/the-effect-of-quench-agent-on-urine-bioassay-for-various-radionuclides-using-quantulus-%C3%A2-1220-and-tri-carb-%C3%A2-3110
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olga Piraner, Robert L Jones
Following a radiological or nuclear incident, the National Response Plan has given the Department of Health and Human Services / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the responsibility for assessing population's contamination with radionuclides. In the public health response to the incident, valuable information could be obtained in a timely and accurate manner by using liquid scintillation counting techniques to determine who has been contaminated above background for alpha and beta emitting radionuclides...
March 8, 2020: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34248241/a-highly%C3%A2-enriched-244-pu-reference-material-for-nuclear-safeguards-and-nuclear-forensics-measurements
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard M Essex, Ross W Williams, Kerri C Treinen, Amélie Hubert, Marc A Humphrey, Jeremy D Inglis, William S Kinman, Joel Maassen, Maxim V Peńkin, Robert E Steiner
A highly-enriched 244 Pu isotope dilution reference material has been prepared and characterized for metrologically traceable measurements of very small quantities of plutonium. The amount of plutonium in samples associated with nuclear safeguards and nuclear forensic measurements can be significantly less than 1 ng. Accordingly, the ability to quantify the amount and isotopic composition of plutonium from a single mass-spectrometric analysis is particularly desirable. The highly-enriched 244 Pu reference material, described here, will minimize the magnitude of spike corrections necessary to obtain accurate information on plutonium isotopic composition from isotope dilution measurements...
2020: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31983798/simple-methods-for-calculating-activity-of-a-parent-progeny-system
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cong Wei, Kelly Garnick, Thomas Scott, Anthony Wetherby
Based on the original work of Rutherford (Radio-activity, 1905) and Bateman (Proc Camb Philos Soc 15:423-427, 1910), the authors designed two schemes consisting of explicit equations as simple methods for accurately obtaining activity of 90 Sr and 90 Y before they reach secular equilibrium. Application of the methods to the 90 Sr/90 Y system where 90 Sr and 90 Y are not in equilibrium will substantially reduce the time needed for determining activity of 90 Sr because neither sequential measurements of 90 Sr or 90 Y (up to about 2 weeks) nor waiting for 90 Sr and 90 Y to reach equilibrium (more than 3 weeks) will be needed...
September 4, 2019: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33100456/correction-to-primary-standardization-of-the-massic-activity-of-a-233-pa-solution-doi-10-1007-s10967-018-6113-9
#32
Ryan Fitzgerald, Leticia Pibida
[This corrects the article PMC6459618.].
2019: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32165777/preparation-and-calibration-of-a-231-pa-reference-material
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard M Essex, Ross W Williams, Kerri C Treinen, Ronald Collé, Ryan Fitzgerald, Raphael Galea, John Keightley, Jerome LaRosa, Lizbeth Laureano-Pérez, Svetlana Nour, Leticia Pibida
A 231 Pa reference material has been characterized for amount of protactinium. This reference material is primarily intended for calibration of 233 Pa tracers produced for 235 U-231 Pa model age measurements associated with nuclear forensics and nuclear safeguards. Primary measurements for characterization were made by isotope dilution mass spectrometry of a purified 231 Pa solution using a 233 Pa isotopic spike. The spike was calibrated by allowing multiple aliquots of the 233 Pa spike solution to decay to 233 U and then measuring the ingrown 233 U by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using a certified uranium assay and isotopic standard as a reverse-spike...
2019: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31327884/spectroscopic-compton-imaging-of-prompt-gamma-emission-at-the-mev-energy-range
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haijian Chen, Huaiyu H Chen-Mayer, Danyal J Turkoglu, Benjamin K Riley, Emily Draeger, Jerimy P Polf
This work explores a novel tomographic approach to PGAA that is both quantitative and spatially resolved, adapted from a clinical "proton beam range finder" in which MeV gamma rays are imaged by coincidence measurements of Compton scattered gamma rays with multi-detector arrays. We performed preliminary measurements using a Compton camera made with CdZnTe detector arrays on a series of test samples with high-energy (> 1 MeV) gamma emission lines. 3D image reconstructions were performed on the 2...
October 2018: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30996507/a-reference-material-for-evaluation-of-137-cs-radiochronometric-measurements
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin B Lavelle, Richard M Essex, Kevin P Carney, Jeffrey T Cessna, Cole R Hexel
A new nuclear forensic reference material has been characterized as a standard for radiochronometric determination of the model purification date for 137 Cs sources. The purification date of a radioactive source is a potentially diagnostic nuclear forensic signature for determining the provenance of a radioactive material. Reference values have been measured for the attributes needed to use the 137 Cs/137 Ba chronometer: the molality (reported here as nmol g-1 ) of 137 Cs and of the radiogenic portion of 137 Ba in the material (hereafter referred to as 137 Ba*)...
2018: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30983654/primary-standardization-of-the-massic-activity-of-a-protactinium-233-solution
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan Fitzgerald, Leticia Pibida
Protactinium-233 (233 Pa) is used as a tracer for radiochemical analysis and is of particular interest as an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) spike for 231 Pa/235 U radio-chronometry. To this end, we present massic activity determinations by two methods for a 233 Pa solution, which was prepared at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and is being characterized at multiple labs as part of a 231 Pa reference material production project. One activity determination method was 4π β - γ anti-coincidence counting in a multi-dimensional extrapolation model, with Monte Carlo corrections...
2018: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30983653/new-determination-of-the-229-th-half-life
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard M Essex, Jacqueline L Mann, Ronald Collé, Lizbeth Laureano-Perez, Megan E Bennett, Heather Dion, Ryan Fitzgerald, Amy M Gaffney, Alkiviadis Gourgiotis, Amélie Hubert, Kenneth G W Inn, William S Kinman, Stephen P Lamont, Robert Steiner, Ross W Williams
A new determination of the 229 Th half-life was made based on measurements of the 229 Th massic activity of a high-purity solution for which the 229 Th molality had previously been measured. The 229 Th massic activity was measured by direct comparison with SRM 4328C using 4παβ liquid scintillation counting, NaI counting, and standard addition liquid scintillation counting. The massic activity was confirmed by isotope dilution alpha spectrometry measurements. The calculated 229 Th half-life is (7825 ± 87) years ( k = 2), which is shorter than the three most recent half-life determinations but is consistent with these values within uncertainties...
2018: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30546191/the-use-of-columns-of-the-zeolite-clinoptilolite-in-the-remediation-of-aqueous-nuclear-waste-streams
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alan Dyer, Joe Hriljac, Nick Evans, Ian Stokes, Peter Rand, Simon Kellet, Risto Harjula, Teresia Moller, Zoe Maher, Ross Heatlie-Branson, Jonathan Austin, Scott Williamson-Owens, Manon Higgins-Bos, Kurt Smith, Luke O'Brien, Nick Smith, Nick Bryan
Mud Hills clinoptilolite has been used in an effluent treatment plant (SIXEP) at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site. This material has been used to remove 134/137 Cs and 90 Sr successfully from effluents for 3 decades. Samples of the zeolite have been tested in column experiments to determine their ability to remove radioactive Cs+ and Sr2+ ions under increasing concentrations of competing ions, Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ and K+ . These ions caused increased elution of Cs+ and Sr2+ . Ca2+ , Mg2+ and K+ were more effective competitors than Na+ ...
2018: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30546190/plutonium-and-thorium-isotopes-in-the-bottom-sediments-of-some-mazurian-lakes-poland
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J W Mietelski, Jolanta Wojtycza, Marek Zalewski, Jacek Kapała, Ewa Tomankiewicz, Paweł Gaca
Presented are results on the Pu and Th isotopes activity concentration found in the upper part of bottom sediments collected from a deep part of 29 lakes in N-E Poland by diving in 2000. Analyses of Pu isotopic ratios allowed for the discussion of Pu origin. Maximum percentage of 239+240 Pu activity from Chernobyl fallout was 24%. Surface deposition of 239+240 Pu was calculated. No relationship was found between the plutonium and main chemical matrix components of sample nor with the trophic status of the lake...
2018: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30546189/study-of-fast-and-slow-consecutive-processes-by-heterogeneous-isotope-exchange-using-p-32-radiotracer
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noémi M Nagy, József Kónya
The sorption of phosphate on soils is studied by radioisotopic tracer method. Two consecutive processes with rather different rates were differentiated: namely the heterogeneous isotope exchange between the phosphate in the soil solution and the weakly sorbed phosphate (fast reaction), and the transformation of weakly sorbed phosphate to tightly sorbed phosphate (slow reaction). In this paper, it is shown how the rate constants of these two processes can be determined by a radiotracer with a relatively short half-life...
2018: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
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