Clinics in Dermatology

The skin lightening (SL) industry has a global reach and is projected to continue to grow over the coming decade. While SL treatments may be safely prescribed for treatment of some dermatologic conditions, many over-the-counter SL products contain ingredients that can cause harm to the skin and other organ systems. Given a lack of transparent information to patients and the historical colorist foundation that contextualizes a component of the cosmetic SL industry, dermatologists need to navigate biomedical and ethical concerns when explaining SL products to patients...

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology holds promise for enhancing clinical accuracy, enabling earlier detection of skin malignancies, suggesting potential management of skin lesions and eruptions, and promoting improved continuity of care. However, AI implementation in dermatology raises several ethical concerns. This review explores the current benefits and challenges associated with AI integration, underscoring ethical considerations related to autonomy, informed consent, and privacy...

In the age of increasing transparency dermatologists may encounter requests from patients to alter or withhold key medical information from their electronic medical records. As per the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act patients have the right to view their medical record and request amendments, however, the physician is the final decision maker on what information should be included in the chart. It is integral that medically necessary information is included in the chart in accordance with the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The global burden of HIV remains a formidable challenge, affecting millions. Despite significant progress in understanding, treatment and prevention the virus, HIV/AIDS continues to exert a substantial impact on personal and public health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence is highest. The virus not only poses a direct threat to the well-being of individuals but also contributes to social and economic disparities. Approximately 38 million people worldwide are living with HIV, with millions unaware of their status...

Part III of this contribution continues to celebrate the many contributions that Jewish physicians have made to advance the specialty of dermatology, as reflected by eponyms that honor their names. Part I covered the years before 1933, a highly productive period of creativity by Jewish dermatologists especially in Germany and Austria. The lives of 17 Jewish physicians and their eponyms were presented in Part I. Part II focused on the years from 1933 to 1945, when the Nazis rose to power in Europe and how their anti-Semitic genocidal policies impacted leading Jewish dermatologists caught within the Third Reich...

Growth in the research, innovation, and development of laser and energy-based technologies over the past few decades has led to dramatic increases in treatment options for dermatologic and cosmetic concerns of the periorbital area. We highlight recent treatment options using laser and energy-based devices for the clearance of periocular pigmented lesions, including solar lentigines and nevus of Ota; vascular lesions, including port-wine birthmarks, infantile hemangiomas, superficial telangiectasias, and reticular veins; laser ablation of benign tumors, such as xanthelasma; cosmetic rejuvenation; treatment of infraorbital dark circles and festoons; laser removal of eyebrow and eyeliner tattoos; and device-based treatment of chronic dry eyes...

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor with a poor five year survival rate. Yearly cases have risen nearly 350% since the early 1980's, and these are predicted to increase as the overall U.S. population ages. MCC of the eyelid is uncommon and can be misdiagnosed as other benign inflammatory and neoplastic eyelid disorders. While MCC of the head and neck is often more aggressive than other sites, eyelid MCC shows a lower disease specific mortality rate. A biopsy is essential for accurate diagnosis, including an immunohistochemical panel of CK20 and TTF-1, although other markers may be necessary...

Pediatric tumors of the eye and orbit can be benign or malignant as well as congenital or acquired and are usually distinctively different than those seen in adults. Although most of these neoplasms are benign (eg, dermoid cyst, chalazion, molluscum), their location near and within a vital organ can result in serious dermatologic and ophthalmologic sequelae. Lesions discussed include vascular lesions, retinoblastomas (the most common primary pediatric intraocular malignancy), rhabdomyosarcoma (the most common primary pediatric orbital malignancy), Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and metastatic lesions to the orbit (neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Metastatic tumors to the eye and eyelid are generally seen in patients with disseminated metastases in the setting of advanced disease. Occasionally, they can present as the first sign of occult malignancy. The choroid is the most common site of intraocular metastases secondary to its dense vascular supply. Similar to the eye, metastatic tumors to the eyelid can present with variety of clinical findings and are most often seen in patients with known history of cancer. The most common skin malignancy that can spread to ocular structures is cutaneous melanoma, whereas the most common non-cutaneous malignancy is breast cancer followed by lung cancer...

Lymphomas of the eye and ocular adnexa are rare lymphoproliferative diseases of the ocular and ocular adnexal tissue. The incidence of these diseases has been rapidly increasing over the past few decades. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown, but it is postulated to be multifactorial and includes genetic aberrations, epigenetic and environmental factors, infectious agents, and chronic antigenic stimulation. The majority of ocular and ocular adnexal lymphomas are of B-cell origin; except for eyelid lymphomas, which are more often of T cell type...

Benign tumors of the eye and eyelid are common in children and adults, and rarely undergo malignant transformation. Their workup and management have evolved over the years with increasing advancements in surgical and laser therapies. This contribution focuses on describing the following benign eye and eyelid tumors and their diagnostic and treatment approaches: Congenital and acquired melanocytic nevi; Nevus of Ota (Hori nevus); Conjunctival papilloma; Seborrheic keratosis; Epidermoid cyst; Dermoid cyst; Milium; Xanthelasma; Hemangioma (cherry angioma and pyogenic granuloma); Neurofibroma; Neurilemmoma (schwannoma); and Fibroepithelial polyp...

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) occurs when latent varicella zoster virus reactivates in the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve (CNV1). HZO commonly affects elderly and immunocompromised patients. This disease is considered an ophthalmic emergency due to a wide range of associated ocular symptoms, including severe chronic pain and vision loss. HZO is typically a clinical diagnosis due to its classic presentation of a unilateral vesicular rash in the dermatomes corresponding to CNV1. Timely treatment is imperative to minimize ocular morbidity in HZO, given that ocular involvement is present in fifty percent of affected patients...

Adnexal neoplasms of the eyelid encompass a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors of sebaceous, follicular and sweat gland origin. Due to the specialized structures of the eyelid, these neoplasms present differently when compared with other locations. While most dermatologists and ophthalmologists are familiar with the commonly reported adnexal tumors of the eyelid, such as hidrocystoma, pilomatrixoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, many other adnexal neoplasms have been reported at this unique anatomic site...

The epicanthus is a fold of skin covering the inner corner of the eye, blending into the nasal skin. It is a cosmetic feature of many populations of the world. The surgical alteration of this structure was first developed for the epicanthus found in such congenital genetic conditions as Down syndrome in the West. In the last century and a half, in what may be a reaction to the Western portrayal of skin overlaying the eye and of Shakespeare's descriptions of characters with epicanthic folds, surgical techniques have arisen for pure cosmetic intent to alter the Asian eyelid...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In 1862, the French artist Edouard Manet painted a portrait of Jeanne Duval, then age 42, who was suffering from a paralyzed leg. Manet depicts her stiffly reclined on a sofa with her foot seemingly disjointed from her body. Duval later became blind. Around 1875, Manet himself began to develop leg pains and an unsteady gait which progressed in severity until he died from complications of his disorder, during 1883, at age 51. This contribution reviews the clinical information available concerning the neurological disorders of both the subject and artist, the differential diagnosis for each case, with a focus on whether neurosyphilis may have accounted for their respective illnesses...

Artificial intelligence can be a powerful tool for data analysis, but it can also mislead investigators due in part to a fundamental difference between classic data analysis and data analysis using AI. A more or less limited data set is analyzed in classic data analysis, and a hypothesis is generated. That hypothesis is then tested using a separate data set, and the data are examined again. The premise was either accepted or rejected with a value "p," indicating that any difference observed was due merely to chance...