Patient Education and Counseling

OBJECTIVE: To identify possible predictors of older adults' preferences for stopping or continuing colorectal cancer (CRC) testing and satisfaction with medical visits. METHODS: Cross-sectional, secondary analysis of patient data. The parent study was a two-arm, multi-site clustered randomized trial, assigning primary care physicians to receive shared decision making training plus a reminder, or reminders alone for patients who were due for CRC testing. For the current analysis, patient data were pooled and analyzed without regard to study arm...

OBJECTIVES: Examine which practices orthopedists use to do option-listing, a technique that can facilitate shared decision-making (SDM). METHODS: A conversation analytic study of 35 orthopedic consultations with newly referred patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. RESULTS: Orthopedists implement option-listing in consultations using two organizational principles: 1) A fixed order of options that constitutes a scale (based on the severity of treatment)...

This letter to the editor emphasizes the importance of conducting longitudinal research on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for cancer patients to better understand their long-term impact on mental health and quality of life. It also calls for research focused on cultural and contextual adaptations of MBIs to ensure their relevance and effectiveness in diverse populations. By prioritizing these areas, researchers can optimize MBIs, making them more sustainable and applicable across different cultural and geographical contexts, ultimately improving the overall well-being of cancer patients worldwide...

OBJECTIVES: As life expectancy for individuals living with cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased, many now reach adulthood and face important reproductive decisions with their partners. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the psychosocial and ethical considerations that influence the reproductive decision-making process of individuals living with CF and their partners. METHODS: Four databases (Web of science, Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane) were searched. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach...

OBJECTIVE: This study, conducted by the South Texas Oral Health Network, evaluated dental practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors regarding cultural forms of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and effects, using the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange) framework. METHODS: Chi-squared tests examined associations between dental practitioners' characteristics, self-confidence, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The 5As tobacco cessation intervention steps were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test to measure changes in the frequency of use between successive steps...

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the bidirectional relationship between job burnout and empathy among Chinese nurses. METHODS: A nurse cohort was assessed longitudinally in 2020 (T1) and 2022 (T2). Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)-Human Services Survey and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals. RESULTS: Out of the 1090 nurses who participated in both assessments, 551 (50.6 %) exhibited job burnout...

OBJECTIVE: To explore (1) documentation of shared decision-making (SDM) in diagnostic testing for dementia in electronic patient records (EPR) in general practice and (2) study whether documentation of SDM is related to specific patient characteristics. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, EPRs of 228 patients in three Dutch general practices were explored for the documentation of SDM elements using Elwyn's model (team talk, option talk, decision talk)...

OBJECTIVE: Examine decision-making regarding when women would prefer to receive reproductive carrier and cancer predisposition screening and from what clinician. METHODS: 20 women completed in-depth interviews via Zoom exploring their views on the provision of reproductive carrier and cancer predisposition screening. Our analysis identified themes related to what informs women's preferences for when they would like to receive a genetic screening offer and by which clinician...

OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study aimed to characterize how social networks influence cardiovascular health behaviors among U.S. South Asian adults in a culturally adapted, group lifestyle intervention. METHODS: A purposive sample of participants (n = 24) from the South Asian Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (SAHELI) randomized trial's intervention arm participated in semi-structured process evaluation interviews. Specific open-ended questions were used to probe participants' behavior changes, personal social networks, and social support for behavior change...

OBJECTIVE: Effective decision-making is crucial for children and young people's trial participation, but specific tools to measure it are lacking. The TRECA (TRials Engagement in Children and Adolescents) Decision-Making Questionnaire (DMQ) was developed to fill this gap and has been evaluated for reliability and validity METHODS: We created the TRECA Decision-Making Questionnaire, based on similar measures for adults, and recruited participants through seven Studies-Within-a-Trial (SWATs)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) influence adolescents' perspectives and preferences in addressing sensitive health topics and their general perception of family doctor's care, and also to study the impact of addressing sensitive topics regarding adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: Two hundred and forty-five tenth to twelfth grade students completed a questionnaire, comprising the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and scales to assess experiences, preferences, perspectives, the general perception of family doctor visits, and HRQoL...

BACKGROUND: Unannounced standardized patients (USPs) have long been used to measure clinical performance in situ. These incognito actors capture data on clinician skills during an encounter, as well as patient experience more broadly. A robust USP program requires extensive preparation and standardization efforts. Given the widespread expansion of USPs for education, research, and improvement efforts, we conducted a systematic review with the goal of capturing the breadth of uses of USPs across settings, along with the standardization measures employed across studies...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate health literacy (HL), assess the use of digital tools/sources, and identify factors associated with low or moderate HL in older (aged ≥65) and younger (18-64) patients with cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicenter study including patients with cancer was conducted in 26 centers in France. HL was assessed using the Functional, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy (FCCHL) scale. Factors associated with low/moderate HL (score<median) were studied using logistic regression models...

OBJECTIVES: Motivational Interviewing (MI), a client-centered approach that seeks to evoke and resolve ambivalence, and health education (HE), which provides health information and advice, may both provide some benefit to unmotivated smokers. In HE, it is possible that client language reflective of new learning, or "learning talk" (LT), and rejection of health advice, or "rejection talk," (RT), may uniquely reflect intent of subsequent behavior change. METHODS: This project utilized MI and HE sessions from two randomized clinical trials (RCTs), one in a low-income, diverse community civilian sample of 255 unmotivated smokers, and the other in a sample of Veterans with mental illness who were unmotivated smokers (n = 55)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess stakeholders' perspectives on integrating personalized risk scores (PRS) into left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation decisions and how these perspectives might impact shared decision making (SDM). METHODS: We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with physicians, nurse coordinators, patients, and caregivers about integrating PRS into LVAD implantation decisions. A codebook was developed to identify thematic patterns, and quotations were consolidated for analysis...

OBJECTIVE: Guided by the PRECEDE-PROCEDE model, this study explores the factors associated with completing an annual screening mammogram among breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHODS: We used multiple cycles of survey data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) (2017-2020). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the correlates of past year mammograms among breast cancer survivors. RESULTS: We included a sample of 909 breast cancer survivors in the study...

OBJECTIVES: Patients commonly experience anxiety when visiting a medical provider. While regulating its level, the physician may adjust their own prosodic behavior to express different levels of affective empathy and shape the emotional outcome. The primary aim was to examine the impact of convergence and divergence with the patient's prosodic emotional cues on the patient-perceived physician's affective empathy and the emotion regulation process. METHODS: Analog patients (n = 132) made assessments after the exposure to an audio vignette of a physician - patient conversation in the prosodic convergence or divergence condition...

OBJECTIVES: When therapeutic options are limited, patients may invest hope in therapies proposed by healthcare professional, or those they find online. This review aims to explore how healthcare professional-patient communication is realised when discussing stem cell therapies. METHOD: Four electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive analyses and a thematic analysis guided by a functions of medical communication framework were performed on extracted data...

OBJECTIVES: To explore 1) perspectives of feasibility, acceptability, integration and sustainability of the Psycho-existential Symptom Assessment Scale (PeSAS); 2) barriers and benefits of PeSAS in its real-world performance; and 3) clinician confidence and perceived competency in using PeSAS. METHODS: Thirty-one key stakeholders from nine palliative care services who participated in the implementation of the PeSAS were purposefully sampled and participated in semi-structured interviews...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate patient perspectives on climate change and climate change mitigation strategies in healthcare. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey among gynaecological patients from two Dutch outpatient clinics. Main outcomes included patients' climate-related knowledge and worry, climate friendly healthcare perspectives and willingness to opt for climate friendly treatment alternatives. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to explore patient characteristics associated with climate friendly healthcare perspectives...