Ultraschall in der Medizin

OBJECTIVE: Synovial abnormalities are modifiable targets for hand pain and osteoarthritis. We examined the prevalence and distribution of ultrasound-detected hand synovial abnormalities in a community-derived sample of older people in China. METHODS: Within a community-based study, we assessed synovial hypertrophy (SH), joint effusion, and Power Doppler signal (PDS) on all fingers and thumbs of both hands using standardized ultrasound examinations (score: 0-3). We assessed distribution patterns of SH and effusion using χ2-test and interrelationships of SH and effusion in different joints and hands by generalized estimating equations...

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the feasibility of structured ultrasound simulation training (SIM-UT) in teaching second-trimester ultrasound screening using a high-end simulator with a randomly moving fetus. METHODS: This was a prospective, controlled trial. A trial group of 11 medical students with minimal obstetric ultrasound experience underwent 12 hours of structured SIM-UT in individual hands-on sessions within 6 weeks. Learning progress was assessed with standardized tests...

Diagnostic puncture (amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and fetal blood sampling) is an essential part of prenatal diagnostics and the only established and sufficiently scientifically evaluated possibility of diagnosing genetic diseases from pregnancy-specific cells. The number of diagnostic punctures in Germany, as in other countries, has fallen significantly. This is largely due to the introduction of first-trimester screening with further detailed ultrasound examination of the fetus and the analysis of cf-DNA (cell-free DNA) from maternal blood (noninvasive prenatal test - NIPT)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the quantification of B-lines via lung ultrasound after lung transplantation is feasible and correlates with the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction. METHODS: Following lung transplantation, patients underwent daily lung ultrasound on postoperative days 1-3. B-lines were quantified by an ultrasound score based on the number of single and confluent B-lines per intercostal space, using a four-region protocol...

OBJECTIVES: To test the accuracy of TVS applying the IDEA approach for suspected rectosigmoid DE and to determine the frequency of other pelvic diseases mimicking DE in patients undergoing surgery. MATERIALS UND METHODS: Prospective single center observational study including consecutive women undergoing TVS for clinically suspected rectosigmoid DE followed by conservative or surgical therapy. TVS findings were compared with those obtained by laparoscopy and confirmed histologically...

Objectives Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) upon contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) typically shows arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE), followed by late (> 60 seconds) and mild contrast washout (WO). Although APHE is considered as the hallmark of HCC, it can be absent in some HCCs. Thus, we explored which sonomorphological and histopathological features of HCC are associated with a lack of APHE upon CEUS. Methods Focal liver lesions in high-risk patients for HCC were assessed with CEUS following a standardised protocol in a prospective multi-centre real-life setting...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate elastography features of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), and to define whether this technique may discriminate lesions from surrounding non-endometriotic tissue. METHODS: This was an exploratory observational study on women affected by DIE treated in a third-level academic hospital gynaecology outpatient facility between 2020 and 2021. Strain elastography (SE) was conducted via transvaginal probe. Tissue deformation of DIE and surrounding tissue was expressed as percentage tissue deformation or as subjective colour score (CS; from blue=stiff to red=soft, assigned numerical values from 0 to 3)...

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Spontaneous dissection of brain-supplying cervical arteries, which also includes findings after minor injuries, is one of the main causes of ischaemic strokes in young adults. Strokes due to dissection are usually due to arterio-arterial embolism. They are rarely the first symptom of dissection because an intraluminal thrombus must first develop. Therefore, early diagnosis of dissection can contribute to stroke prevention - through immediate therapy with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. This article describes the diagnostic criteria and typical findings of spontaneous dissection, in which no dissecting membrane is to be expected as in aortic dissection...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: Preoperative differentiation between benign parotid tumors (BPT) and malignant parotid tumors (MPT) is crucial for treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and strain elastography (SE) for preoperative differentiation between BPT and MPT. METHODS: A total of 115 patients with BPT (n=72) or MPT (n=43) who underwent ultrasound (US), SE, and CEUS were enrolled. US and CEUS features and the elasticity score were evaluated...

PURPOSE: To evaluate B-mode ultrasound (B-US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) patterns of focal splenic incidentalomas (FSIs), and to correlate ultrasound patterns with benignity and malignancy via histologic examination and/or the clinical course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2004 and 2021, 139 consecutive patients with an FSI detected by B-US were investigated additionally with CEUS. On CEUS, the arterial enhancement (AE) of the FSI (hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, hypoenhancement, and absent enhancement) was analyzed...

PURPOSE: Peritonsillar abscess can be diagnosed by B-mode ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging. The latter (with MRI being the modality of first choice in children) is associated with higher effort and risk for pediatric patients due to the administration of X-rays and/or the need of sedation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the introduction of CEUS into the diagnostic algorithm for suspected pediatric peritonsillar abscess is suitable and advantageous. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-institution retrospective review of data of pediatric patients who were presented to the department of pediatric radiology for sonographic evaluation under the suspicion of peritonsillar abscess...

A healthy, air-filled lung can only be visualized by its artifacts, and pathologies of the lung are revealed by changes in these artifacts. Because ultrasound artifacts are predominantly used in pulmonary sonography to assess pathologic processes, the variability of sonographically imageable phenomena is limited. For this reason, different pulmonary diseases may present very similarly in ultrasound. Therefore, a correct interpretation of the findings is only possible in the clinical context, taking into account the age-dependent differential diagnoses...

OBJECTIVES: Assessing urgency in ectopic pregnancies (ECP) remains controversial since the disorder covers a large clinical spectrum. Severe conditions such as acute abdomen or hemodynamic instability are mostly related to intra-abdominal blood loss diagnosed as free fluid (FF) on transvaginal sonography (TVS). The aims of the current study were to investigate the value of FF and to assess other potentially predictive parameters for judging urgency. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis on prospectively collected cases of proven ECP (n = 343)...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and reproducibility of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in the initial phase of labor. As TPUS is a common method, it could supplement vaginal palpation and even replace it in certain situations. In addition, we used a 4-dimensional method for the assessment of cervical effacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 54 women in labor were included and underwent TPUS. The resulting images from the acquired 4D volumes were evaluated after the examination for the first time and a second time after 21 days...

PURPOSE: This prospective two-centre study investigated localisation-dependent lesion patterns in COVID-19 with standard lung ultrasonography (LUS) and their relationship with thoracic computed tomography (CT) and clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between X and X, 52 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in two hospitals (X, X) were examined by means of LUS for "B-lines", fragmented pleura, consolidation and air bronchogram in 12 lung regions and for pleural effusions...

OBJECTIVE:  To construct new growth charts and tables for the following fetal growth parameters: biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), head circumference (HC), abdominal transverse diameter (ATD), abdominal sagittal diameter (ASD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (Fe), tibia length (Ti), fibula length (Fi), humerus length (Hu), radius length (Ra), and ulna length (Ul). PATIENTS AND METHODS:  This prospective study was conducted at a level III ultrasound center as a population-based cross-sectional study on 10 225 normal singleton pregnancies with a gestational age between 10 and 41 completed weeks...

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