Neuroepidemiology

INTRODUCTION: There is limited evidence about the management of cardiovascular risk factors within 12 months before stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in Australian general practices. We evaluated whether age and sex disparities in cardiovascular risk factor management for primary prevention exist in general practice. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (2014-2018) linked with general practice data from three primary health networks in Victoria, Australia...

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology of encephalitis varies by region and time. Available Finnish data are outdated and there are no data from eastern parts of the country nor concerning the occurrence autoimmune encephalitides. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with encephalitis were identified from mandatory administrative registries in North Karelia Central Hospital. The diagnoses were verified, and data extracted by reviewing the patient records. Study period was 2010-2021...

Background Large population-based prospective studies are necessary to provide clarification on the associations of panoramic secondhand smoking burden, including prenatal and postnatal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, with the risk of developing dementia. Methods Our study comprised a sample of 353,756 dementia-free individuals from the UK Biobank who were non-smokers, had data on the exposure of maternal smoking as well as SHS exposure in daily life, which was quantified in terms of hours per week (h/wk), and whether they lived with household smokers...

INTRODUCTION: We examined the association of both midlife occupation and age at retirement with cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) biracial community-based cohort. METHODS: Current or most recent occupation at ARIC baseline (1987-89; ages 45-64y) was categorized based on 1980 US census major occupation groups and tertiles of the Nam-Powers-Boyd occupational status score (n=14,090). Retirement status via annual follow-up questionnaires administered ascertained in 1999-2007 was classified as occurring before or after age 70 (n=7,503)...

OBJECTIVES: To model multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression and compare disease trajectories by sex, age of onset, and year of diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Longitudinal EDSS scores were collected since 1985 for relapse-onset MS patients at MS clinics in South Wales and modelled using a multilevel model (MLM). The MLM adjusted for baseline covariates (sex, age of onset, year of diagnosis, and disease modifying treatments (DMTs)), and included interactions between baseline covariates and time variables...

INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the cost-effectiveness of comprehensive post-stroke programs is limited. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of an individualised management program (IMP) for stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). METHODS: A cost-utility analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up, from both societal and health system perspectives, was conducted. Adults with stroke/TIA discharged from hospitals were randomised by primary care practice to receive either usual care (UC) or an IMP in addition to UC...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD), respectively, with impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICB) over a 5-year follow-up in patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is a multicenter cohort study based on an ongoing and open-ended registry. Longitudinal associations of sleep disorders with ICB over 5-year follow-up visits were estimated using generalized linear mixed-effects models among PD participants...

OBJECTIVE: To study the primary risk factors for the long-term trends of mortality rates in ischemic stroke (IS) in China. METHODS: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) database, research was conducted on the 11 primary risk factors for the mortality rates of IS in China from 1990 to 2019. This study employed Joinpoint regression software and the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) method to evaluate the trends of mortality rates divided by age, period, and cohort over time...

INTRODUCTION: The long-term cognitive outcomes after transient global amnesia (TGA) have been contradictory in the literature. Our study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association between TGA and incident dementia using long-term data from a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea. METHODS: The study population was recruited between 2002 and 2020 using the International Classification of Diseases (tenth revision; ICD-10) codes from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database...

Introduction Short and long self-reported sleep durations are associated with a higher risk of stroke, but the association of objective estimates of sleep and 24-hour activity rhythms is less clear. We studied the association of actigraphy-estimated sleep and 24-hour activity rhythms with the risk of stroke in a population-based cohort of middle-aged and elderly. Methods We included 1718 stroke-free participants (mean age 62.2 ± 9.3 years, 55.1% women) from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study...

BACKGROUND: Studies investigating the potential impact of systemic steroid exposure during early infancy on neurological development in full-term infants with normal birth weight are lacking. METHODS: This population-based administrative cohort study used data of national health insurance and a health-screening program for infants and children and included full-term infants who were born in Korea between 2008 and 2012 with normal birth weight and did not have any specific perinatal or neurodevelopmental diseases...

INTRODUCTION, twelve modifiable risk factors (RF) account for 40% of dementia cases worldwide. However, limited data exists on such factors in middle- and low-income countries. We aimed to estimate the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for the 12 RF in Argentina, assessing changes over a decade, and exploring socioeconomic and sex influences. METHODS, we conducted cross-sectional analyses of the 12 RF from Argentinian surveys conducted in 2009, 2015, and 2018, including 96,321 people. We calculated PAFs, and stratified estimates based on sex and income...

Native American individuals are more frequently affected by cerebrovascular diseases including stroke and vascular cognitive decline. The aim of this study is to determine stroke risk factors that are most prevalent in Wisconsin Native Americans and to examine how education at the community and individual level as well as intensive health wellness coaching may influence modification of stroke risk factors. Additionally, we will investigate the role novel stroke biomarkers may play in stroke risk in this population...

OBJECTIVE: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a profoundly incapacitating neurodegenerative disorder, which presents a substantial challenge to the economic sustainability of the global healthcare system. The present study seeks to clarify the factors that contribute to the costs associated with PD hospitalization and analyze the economic burden it imposes. METHODS: We examined data of 19,719 patients with a primary diagnosis of PD who were admitted to hospitals in Hubei Province, China, during the study period...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of government policies that support primary care physicians to provide comprehensive chronic disease management (CDM). AIMS: To estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of CDM policies, over a lifetime, in long-time survivors of stroke. METHODS: A Markov model, using three health states (stable, hospitalised, dead), was developed to simulate the costs and benefits of CDM policies over 30 years (with 1-year cycles)...

Introduction The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of thirteen neurological manifestations in people affected by COVID-19 during the acute phase and at three, six, nine and twelve-month follow-up time points. Methods The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022325505). MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and the Cochrane library were used as information sources. Eligible studies included original articles of cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series with ≥5 subjects that reported the prevalence and type of neurological manifestations, with a minimum follow-up of three months after the acute phase of COVID-19 disease...

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and has implications on the financial health of patients, families, and healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the economic perspective of stroke on the national healthcare system for the past two decades. METHODS: This retrospective study of inpatient subjects from 2000 to 2020 with stroke was collected from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)...

INTRODUCTION: Nodding Syndrome (NS) remains a poorly understood disorder. For a long time, it has been thought to be restricted to East Africa, however cases in Central Africa have been increasing over time. The objective of this systematic review (SR) was to provide a summary of the state of knowledge on NS to date. METHODS: All original articles published on NS up to November 2021 were searched in four major databases and in the grey literature. Commentaries, editorials, book chapters, books, conference paper, qualitative studies that mentioned NS cases were also included...

INTRODUCTION: Current evidence regarding the clinical outcomes of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and previous stroke is inconclusive, especially in patients with previous intracranial haemorrhage (ICrH). We aim to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness and safety of NOACs versus warfarin in AF patients with a history of stroke. METHODS: We searched studies published up to December 10, 2022, on PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials...

BACKGROUND: Huntington's disease (HD) poses a significant socio-economic burden globally. Existing research on HD's economic burden predominantly comes from Western settings, leaving a gap in data from Asian countries. This study aims to assess the economic burden of HD in China and identify cost-driving factors. METHODS: This study used data from a 2019 nationwide cross-sectional survey of individuals affected by rare diseases in China. Data included socio-demographic characteristics, income, disease stage, health and social insurance coverage status, treatment-seeking behaviour, and costs...