Neuroepidemiology

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INTRODUCTION: The ARCOS-V study, an epidemiological study on stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), faced the challenge of continuing data collection amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe the methodological changes and challenges encountered during the transition from paper-based methods to digital data collection for the ARCOS-V study, and to provide insights into the potential of using digital tools to transform epidemiological research. METHODS: The study adapted to remote data collection using REDCap and Zoom, involving daily health record reviews, direct data entry by trained researchers, and remote follow-up assessments...

INTRODUCTION: Previous longitudinal studies reported the impact of antioxidant nutrients (AN) on cognitive impairment in the older population but the conclusions were inconsistent. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that dietary intake of total AN was associated with incident dementia among older individuals. METHODS: Community residents without dementia aged ≥60 years were prospectively followed up for an average of 5.2 years in the Shanghai Aging Study...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It has been estimated that 64-74 million individuals experience TBI from all causes each year. Due to these variations in reporting TBI prevalence in the general population, we decided to perform a meta-analysis of published studies to better understand the prevalence of TBI in the general adult population of the US which can help health decision-makers in determining general policies to reduce TBI cases and their costs and burden on the healthcare system...

Background- Female sex is a known risk factor for long-COVID. With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, the corresponding number of survivors is also expected to rise. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has specifically addressed the gender differences in neurological symptoms of long-COVID. Methods: We included studies on female individuals who presented with specific neurological symptoms at least 12 weeks after confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from PubMed, Central, Scopus, and Web of Science...

INTRODUCTION: Constipation is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its impact on incident PD remains uncertain. We aimed to prospectively investigate constipation symptoms and the risk of PD. METHODS: Participants without PD at baseline from the UK Biobank were included in the study. Information on the regular use of laxatives, bowel movement frequency, and the frequency of hard or lumpy stools was collected. Incident PD was defined by the ICD-10 code...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the individual and combined associations between dietary habits and lifestyle factors concerning all-cause mortality and stroke in Chinese adults. METHOD: We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving 10,008 participants, gathering baseline data on lifestyle, metabolic status, dietary habits, and living behaviors. Subsequently, a 10-year follow-up was performed, resulting in the inclusion of 7,612 participants in this study...

Study design Retrospective, descriptive register study. Objective To present the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of the Swedish spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Setting Rehabilitation units in Sweden connected to the national quality register for rehabilitation medicine (Svenskt Register för Rehabiliteringsmedicin: SveReh). The registry includes data from 26 units around the country. Methods Information was extracted from SveReh for patients who underwent rehabilitation for a new onset SCI between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020...

Objective Complications or serious adverse events (SAEs) are common in the treatment of patients with large vessel occlusion stroke. There has been limited study of the impact of SAEs for patients after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). The goal of this study was to characterize the rates and clinical impact of SAEs following EVT. Methods A post-hoc analysis was performed using pooled databases of the 'DEVT' and 'RESCUE BT' trials. SAEs were designated as symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, brain herniation or craniectomy, respiratory failure, circulatory failure, pneumonia, deep venous thrombosis, and systemic bleeding...

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurologic diseases in children, however, few recent studies examine the prevalence of epilepsy and its evolution over time according to birth or maternal characteristics. To examine the prevalence of epilepsy in children born between 2002 and 2020 and the temporal trends by year of birth, in Ontario, Canada, overall and according to maternal and birth characteristics. METHODS: We included all in-hospital deliveries between 2002 and 2020 (N=2 343 482) in Ontario, Canada, using linked administrative health dataset...

BACKGROUND: Premature mortality is a significant part of the epilepsy burden and may vary across populations, especially between high-income and lower- and middle-income countries. People with epilepsy in China are approximately a fifth of the global population with epilepsy. Previous studies were unlikely to represent the situation in China due to limitations in design, methods, sample size, follow-up time, and other inherent population heterogeneity. SUMMARY: By summarising the evidence on the mortality characteristics in Chinese populations with epilepsy in the last six decades, we found a median mortality rate of 14...

BACKGROUND: Previous reviews explored the association between maternal use of folic acid and multivitamin supplements and risk of Neural Tube Defect (NTD) in children, with no definitive conclusion. METHODS: Using PRISMA guideline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus and Google Scholar which reported the effects of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplementation for the prevention of NTD in offspring were searched...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the association between adipose tissue specific insulin resistance and atherosclerotic burden and plaques in intracranial, extracranial, and coronary arteries in community residents without diabetes. METHODS: Adipose tissue specific insulin resistance index (Adipo-IR) was calculated by fasting serum insulin and free fatty acids and categorized into 4 groups according to the quartiles. The 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner was used to assess intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic plaques, while computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used to assess coronary atherosclerotic plaques...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), has a significant burden among people worldwide. Tobacco smoking is one of the most prevalent habits of patients with different diseases including those with MS and among the methods of use, waterpipe tobacco smoking is gaining popularity. Herein, we aimed to systematically evaluate the association between waterpipe smoking and MS. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis through a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase...

INTRODUCTION: This study examines the associations of gum treatment with cognitive decline and dementia risk among older adults with periodontal symptoms in the US. METHODS: A cohort of 866 adults aged ≥50 with periodontal symptoms was recruited for the 2008 Health and Retirement Study "Dental Health Experimental Module" and followed until 2020. Cognitive function was assessed with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). Dementia status was ascertained with the Langa-Weir algorithm based on TICS scores and proxy assessments...

BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the association between family history of stroke (FHS) and stroke etiology, recurrence or mortality, however the results have been discrepant. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to further evaluate the associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched Scopus database using the term "family history" AND "stroke" up to December 2023 to identify observational studies and systematic reviews reporting both the prevalence of FHS and the rates of stroke etiology or recurrence or mortality...

BACKGROUND: The burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still increasing, and physical activity is a modifiable factor for health benefits. The benefits of physical activity in PD are not well established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between various types of physical activity and the risk of developing PD. METHODS: Data from 432,497 participants in UK Biobank, who were free of PD at baseline, were analyzed. Physical activity levels were assessed by measuring the duration of walking for pleasure, light and heavy do-it-yourself (DIY) activities, strenuous sports, and other exercises...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are markers of underlying hemorrhage-prone cerebral small vessel disease detected on MRI. They are associated with heightened risk of stroke and cognitive decline. The prevalence of CMBs among Egyptian patients with ischemic stroke is not well studied. Our aim was to detect the prevalence of CMBs and associated risk factors among Egyptian patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional, single center study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke...

Background Understanding seasonal variations in stroke can help stakeholders identify underlying causes in seasonal trends, and tailor resources appropriately to times of highest needs. We sought to evaluate seasonal occurrence of stroke and its subtypes. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from January 1st, 2003, to December 31st, 2017, in Ontario, Canada's most populous province. We evaluated seasonal variations in stroke occurrence by subtype, via age/sex standardized rates and adjusted rate ratios using Poisson regressions...

INTRODUCTION: Among stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) it is not uncommon to identify carotid atherosclerosis. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, carotid atherosclerosis among patients with AF and acute ischemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospectively collected data from consecutive patients with anterior ischemic stroke and AF who underwent carotid imaging from 10 stroke registries were categorized retrospectively according to the degree of stenosis in: no atherosclerosis, stenosis <50%, stenosis ≥50%, and occlusion...