journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37878784/olfaction-and-declarative-memory-in-aging-a-meta-analysis
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benoît Jobin, Frédérique Roy-Côté, Johannes Frasnelli, Benjamin Boller
Olfactory and declarative memory performances are associated, as both functions are processed by overlapping medial-temporal and prefrontal structures and decline in older adults. While a decline in olfactory identification may be related to a decline in declarative memory, the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we assessed (1) the relationship between olfactory identification/detection threshold and verbal declarative memory in cognitively normal older adults, and (2) the effect of age on these relationships...
October 25, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37850853/oral-thermal-processing-in-the-gustatory-cortex-of-awake-mice
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cecilia G Bouaichi, Katherine E Odegaard, Camden Neese, Roberto Vincis
Oral temperature is a sensory cue relevant to food preference and nutrition. To understand how orally-sourced thermal inputs are represented in the gustatory cortex (GC), we recorded neural responses from the GC of male and female mice presented with deionized water at different innocuous temperatures (14 °C, 25 °C, 36 °C) and taste stimuli (room temperature). Our results demonstrate that GC neurons encode orally-sourced thermal information in the absence of classical taste qualities at the single neuron and population levels, as confirmed through additional experiments comparing GC neuron responses to water and artificial saliva...
October 18, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37843175/expression-of-taste-sentinels-t1r-t2r-and-plc%C3%A3-2-on-the-passageway-for-olfactory-signals-in-zebrafish
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Günes Birdal, Percival P D'Gama, Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi, Sigrun I Korsching
The senses of taste and smell detect overlapping sets of chemical compounds in fish, e.g. amino acids are detected by both senses. However, so far taste and smell organs appeared morphologically to be very distinct, with a specialized olfactory epithelium for detection of odors and taste buds located in the oral cavity and lip for detection of tastants. Here we report dense clusters of cells expressing T1R and T2R receptors as well as their signal transduction molecule PLCß2 in nostrils of zebrafish, i...
October 16, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37796827/appetite-regulating-hormones-modulate-odor-perception-and-odor-evoked-activity-in-hypothalamus-and-olfactory-cortices
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yao Zhao, Surabhi Bhutani, Thorsten Kahnt
Odors guide food seeking, and food intake modulates olfactory function. This interaction is mediated by appetite-regulating hormones like ghrelin, insulin, and leptin, which alter activity in the rodent olfactory bulb, but their effects on downstream olfactory cortices have not yet been established in humans. The olfactory tract connects the olfactory bulb to the cortex through three main striae, terminating in the piriform cortex (PirC), amygdala (AMY), olfactory tubercule (OT), and anterior olfactory nucleus (AON)...
October 5, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37715960/olfactory-training-effects-of-multisensory-integration-attention-towards-odors-and-physical-activity
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zetian Li, Anne Abriat, Thomas Hummel
Olfactory training (OT) has been shown to be of value in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate whether the efficacy of OT could be modulated with multisensory integration, attention towards odors, odor complexity, or physical activity assessed with a questionnaire. One hundred healthy participants were recruited and divided into four groups. Except for controls (n=26, mean age±sd = 36±15 years) all participants performed OT four times a day. In the "Video" group (n=26, age 39±19 years) OT was performed while watching specific and congruent video sequences...
September 16, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37668445/suppression-of-sweetness-evidence-for-central-mechanism-for-suppression-of-sweetness-from-sucrose-by-citric-acid
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Y Junge, G H Andersen, U Kidmose
The underlying mechanisms of taste interactions in humans are not well understood, and three mechanisms have been proposed, namely a chemical interaction, a peripheral physiological, and a central mechanism. In the present study, it was investigated which of these mechanisms causes the suppression of sweetness by citric acid. This was investigated using a split-tongue gustometer that can stimulate the two sides of the tongue with different stimuli simultaneously, enabling a comparison of sucrose and citric acid presented either separately on each side of the tongue simultaneously or in mixture on one side...
September 5, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37642223/emotional-self-body-odours-do-not-influence-the-access-to-visual-awareness-by-emotional-faces
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Rocha, Joana Grave, Sebastian Korb, Valentina Parma, Gün R Semin, Sandra C Soares
A growing body of research suggests that emotional chemosignals in others' body odour (BO), particularly those sampled during fearful states, enhance emotional face perception in conscious and preconscious stages. For instance, emotional faces access visual awareness faster when presented with others' fear BOs. However, the effect of these emotional signals in self-BO, i.e., one's own BO, is still neglected in the literature. In the present work, we sought to determine if emotional self-BOs modify the access to visual awareness of emotional faces...
August 29, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37625013/anti-hiv-drugs-lopinavir-ritonavir-activate-bitter-taste-receptors
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shurui Chen, Xinyi Zhou, Yongcheng Lu, Keman Xu, Jiao Wen, Meng Cui
Lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r) are the primary anti-HIV drugs recommended by the World Health Organization for treating children aged three and above who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These drugs are typically available in liquid formulations to aid in dosing for children who cannot swallow tablets. However, the strong bitter taste associated with these medications can be a significant obstacle to adherence, particularly in young children, and can jeopardize the effectiveness of the treatment...
August 25, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37590987/can-non-volatile-tastants-be-smelled-during-food-oral-processing
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue He, Jianshe Chen, Weiyao Shi, Jingang Shi, Tian Ma, Xinmiao Wang
While accumulating evidence implied the involvement of retro-nasal sensation in the consumption of non-volatile taste compounds, it is still unclear whether it was caused by the taste compounds themselves, and if so, how can they migrate from the oral to nasal cavity. At first, we proposed aerosol particles as an alternative oral-nasal mass transfer mechanism. The high-speed camera approved that aerosol particles could be generated by the typical oral and pharynx actions during food oral processing; while the narrow-band imaging of nasal cleft and mass spectrometry of nostril-exhaled air approved the migration of aerosol within the oral-nasal route...
August 17, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37589415/the-t1r3-subunit-of-the-sweet-taste-receptor-is-activated-by-d2o-in-transmembrane-domain-dependent-manner
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalie Ben Abu, Yaron Ben Shoshan-Galeczki, Einav Malach, Masha Y Niv
Deuterium oxide (D2O) is water in which the heavier and rare isotope deuterium replaces both hydrogens. We have previously shown that D2O has a distinctly sweet taste, mediated by the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor. Here, we explore the effect of heavy water on T1R2 and T1R3 subunits. We show that D2O activates T1R3 transfected HEK293T cells similarly to T1R2/T1R3 transfected cells. The response to glucose dissolved in D2O is higher than in water. Mutations of Phenylalanine at position 730 5.40 in the transmembrane domain of T1R3 to Alanine, Leucine, or Tyrosine impair or diminish activation by D2O, suggesting a critical role for T1R3 TMD domain in relaying the heavy water signal...
August 17, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37589411/taste-perception-of-oligosaccharides-derived-from-pullulan
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shashwat Damani, Michael H Penner, Juyun Lim
Recent studies indicate that humans can taste starch hydrolysis products (i.e., maltooligo-saccharides; MOS). However, the structural specificity of oligosaccharides that elicit such perception is not known. This study investigated taste perception of pullulan-derived oligosaccharides (PDOS) that are structurally similar to MOS, but differ in that every third glycosidic linkage in PDOS is α-1,6, rather than α-1,4. Three food-grade PDOS stimuli were produced by limited-enzyme hydrolysis of pullulan...
August 17, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37586396/a-quick-test-to-objectify-smell-and-taste-dysfunction-at-home-a-proof-of-concept-for-the-validation-of-the-chemosensory-perception-test
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cindy Levesque-Boissonneault, Nicholas Bussière, Frédérique Roy-Côté, Frank Cloutier, Marie-Ève Caty, Johannes Frasnelli
Recent studies have shown the efficacy of a home test for the self-evaluation of olfactory and gustatory functions in quarantined COVID-19 patients. However, testing was often limited to COVID-19 participants, and the accuracy of home test kits was rarely compared to standardized testing. This study aims at providing proof-of-concept for the validation of the new Chemosensory Perception Test (CPT) developed to remotely assess orthonasal olfactory, retronasal olfactory and gustatory functions in various populations using common North American household items...
August 16, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37586060/ablation-of-aqp5-gene-in-mice-leads-to-olfactory-dysfunction-caused-by-hyposecretion-of-bowman-s-gland
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinnan Zhao, Gang Liu, Xin Yu, Xiaohan Yang, Wenting Gao, Zinan Zhao, Jianmei Ma, Tonghui Ma
Smell detection depends on nasal airflow, which can make absorption of odors to the olfactory epithelium by diffusion through the mucus layer. The odors then act on the chemo-sensitive epithelium of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Therefore, any pathological changes in olfactory area, for instance dry nose caused by Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) may interfere with olfactory function. SS is the autoimmune disease in which aquaporin (AQP) 5 autoantibodies have been detected in the serum. However, the expression of AQP5 in olfactory mucosa and its function to the olfaction is still unknown...
August 16, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37551788/umami-taste-perception-and-preferences-of-the-domestic-cat-felis-catus-an-obligate-carnivore
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Scott J McGrane, Matthew Gibbs, Carlos Hernangomez de Alvaro, Nicola Dunlop, Marcel Winnig, Boris Klebansky, Daniel Waller
The domestic cat (Felis catus) is an obligate carnivore, and as such has a meat-based diet. Several studies on the taste perception of cats have been reported, indicating that their sense of taste has evolved based on their carnivorous diet. Here we propose that umami (mediated by Tas1r1-Tas1r3) is the main appetitive taste modality for the domestic cat by characterising the umami taste of a range of nucleotides, amino acids and their mixtures for cats obtained using complementary methods. We show for the first time that cats express Tas1r1 in taste papillae...
August 8, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37539767/gene-expression-analyses-of-tas1r-taste-receptors-relevant-to-the-treatment-of-cardiometabolic-disease
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariah R Stavrou, Sean Souchiart So, Angela M Finch, Sara Ballouz, Nicola J Smith
The sweet taste receptor (STR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) responsible for mediating cellular responses to sweet stimuli. Early evidence suggests that elements of the STR signalling system are present beyond the tongue in metabolically active tissues, where it may act as an extraoral glucose sensor. This study aimed to delineate expression of the STR in extraoral tissues using publicly available RNA-sequencing repositories. Gene expression data was mined for all genes implicated in the structure and function of the STR, and control genes including highly expressed metabolic genes in relevant tissues, other GPCRs and effector G proteins with physiological roles in metabolism, and other GPCRs with expression exclusively outside the metabolic tissues...
August 4, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37527505/effects-of-zinc-deficiency-on-the-regeneration-of-olfactory-epithelium-in-mice
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroyuki Ikushima, Jun Suzuki, Tomotaka Hemmi, Ryoukichi Ikeda, Yuta Kobayashi, Nobuo Ohta, Yukio Katori
The olfactory epithelium can regenerate after damage; however, the regeneration process is affected by various factors, such as viral infections, head trauma, and medications. Zinc is an essential trace element that has important roles in organ development, growth, and maturation. Zinc also helps regulate neurotransmission in the brain; nevertheless, its relationship with olfactory epithelium regeneration remains unclear. Therefore, we used a severe zinc deficiency mouse model to investigate the effects of zinc deficiency on olfactory epithelium regeneration...
August 1, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37389561/a-mobile-app-based-customizable-automated-device-for-self-administered-olfactory-testing-and-an-implementation-of-smell-identification-test
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lan Zhihao, Qing X Yang, Zhi-Hong Lyu, Cailing Feng, Liansheng Wang, Baowei Ji, Xuefei Yu, Sherman Xuegang Xin
Olfactory tests are used for evaluation of ability to detect and identify common odors in humans psychophysically. Olfactory tests are currently administered by professionals with a set of given odorants. Manual administration of such tests can be labor and cost intensive and data collected as such are confounded with experimental variables, which adds personnel costs and introduces potential errors and data variability. For large-scale and longitudinal studies, manually recorded data must be collected and compiled from multiple sites...
June 30, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37387468/selective-pressure-on-a-saccharin-intake-phenotype-and-its-correlates-a-replication-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nancy K Dess, Clinton D Chapman, Paulina M Jacobi
The Occidental High- and Low-Saccharin rats (respectively, HiS and LoS lines) were selectively bred for decades to examine mechanisms and correlates of a saccharin intake phenotype. Observed line differences ranged from taste and eating to drug self-administration and defensive behavior, paralleling human research on relationships between gustation, personality, and psychopathology. The original lines were terminated in 2019, and replicate lines (HiS-R, LoS-R) were selectively bred for five generations to test for reproducible, rapid selection for the phenotype and its correlates...
June 30, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37350646/covid-19-affects-taste-independent-of-taste-smell-confusions-results-from-a-combined-chemosensory-home-test-and-online-survey-from-a-large-global-cohort
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ha Nguyen, Javier Albayay, Richard Höchenberger, Surabhi Bhutani, Sanne Boesveldt, Niko A Busch, Ilja Croijmans, Keiland W Cooper, Jasper H B de Groot, Michael C Farruggia, Alexander W Fjaeldstad, John E Hayes, Thomas Hummel, Paule V Joseph, Tatiana K Laktionova, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Maria G Veldhuizen, Vera V Voznessenskaya, Valentina Parma, M Yanina Pepino, Kathrin Ohla
People often confuse smell loss with taste loss, so it is unclear how much gustatory function is reduced in patients self-reporting taste loss. Our pre-registered cross-sectional study design included an online survey in 12 languages with instructions for self-administering chemosensory tests with ten household items. Between June 2020 and March 2021, 10,953 individuals participated. Of these, 5,225 self-reported a respiratory illness and were grouped based on their reported COVID test results: COVID-positive (COVID+, N=3,356), COVID-negative (COVID-, N=602), and COVID unknown for those waiting for a test result (COVID?, N=1,267)...
June 23, 2023: Chemical Senses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37262433/expansive-linguistic-representations-to-predict-interpretable-odor-mixture-discriminability
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amit Dhurandhar, Hongyang Li, Guillermo A Cecchi, Pablo Meyer
Language is often thought as being poorly adapted to precisely describe or quantify smell and olfactory attributes. In this work, we show that semantic descriptors of odors can be implemented in a model to successfully predict odor mixture discriminability, an olfactory attribute. We achieved this by taking advantage of the structure-to-percept model we previously developed for monomolecular odorants, using chemical descriptors to predict pleasantness, intensity and 19 semantic descriptors such as 'fish', 'cold', 'burnt', 'garlic', 'grass' and 'sweet' for odor mixtures, followed by a metric learning to obtain odor mixture discriminability...
June 1, 2023: Chemical Senses
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