Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A

Salmonellosis represents a significant economic and public health concern for the poultry industry in Africa, leading to substantial economic losses due to mortality, reduced productivity, and food safety problems. However, comprehensive information on the burden of poultry salmonellosis at the continental level are scarce. To address this gap, a systemic review and meta-analysis were conducted to consolidate information on the prevalence and circulating serotypes of poultry salmonellosis in African countries...

Avian reovirus (ARV) has been continuously affecting the poultry industry in Pennsylvania in recent years. This report provides our diagnostic investigation on monitoring ARV field variants from broiler chickens in Pennsylvania. Genomic characterization findings of 72 ARV field isolates obtained from broiler cases during the last six years indicated that the six distinct cluster variant strains (genotype I-VI) continuously circulated in PA poultry, which were genetically diverse and distant from the vaccine and vaccine-related field strains...

Coccidiosis is a recurring disease in broiler flocks that causes significant economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Artemisia absinthium on coccidiosis in broilers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The article selection process included a search from the year 2000 to February 2021, with no restrictions on country or geographical region. Our objective was met by only six (06) studies, which underwent systematic review. The meta-analysis was conducted using the metafor package in R via RStudio (version 1...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains of genotype GVIII have been emerging in Europe in the last decade, but no biological characterisation has been reported so far. This paper reports the extensive genetic and biological characterization of IBV strain D2860 of genotype GVIII that was isolated from a Dutch layer flock that showed a drop in egg production. Whole genome sequencing showed that it has a high similarity (95%) to CK/DE/IB80/2016 (commonly known as IB80). Cross-neutralization tests with antigens and serotype-specific antisera of a panel different non-GVIII genotypes consistently gave less than 2% antigenic cross-relationship with D2860...

Avian influenza (AI) caused by H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a serious threat to poultry farming and public health due to the transmissibility and pathogenicity. The PB2 protein is a major component of the viral RNA polymerase complex (vRNP). It is of great significance for identifying the antigenic determinants of PB2 protein to explore the function of PB2 protein. In this study, PB2 sequence of H9N2 subtype AIV from 1090 to 1689 bp was cloned and expressed in the prokaryotic expression pET-28a vector...

Coccidiosis caused by parasites of the genus Eimeria is a significant economic burden to the poultry industry. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the financial losses associated with Eimeria infection in chickens in Algeria, relying on data provided by key stakeholders in the Algerian poultry industry to assess sub-clinical as well as clinical impact. The updated 2020 version of a model established to estimate the cost of coccidiosis in chickens was employed, taking into consideration specific cultural and technical aspects of poultry farming in Algeria...

Worldwide outbreaks make infections with pathogenic strains of Enterococcus cecorum (EC) one of the most important diseases in the broiler industry. Although research has increased knowledge about the pathogen, the transmission is not fully understood. Samples from different locations were collected from two broiler farms in Germany over a total of six production cycles. Samples were collected at days 1, 5, 10, 15, 21, 27, 34, 41 post-hatch and after cleaning and disinfection (C&D). A total of 1017 samples were collected from 25 different locations on the farms...

The purpose of the present study was to examine if potentiation of mortality occurred after simultaneous administration of several Escherichia coli genotypes, each capable to induce the E. coli peritonitis syndrome, in comparison with single genotype application. Five groups of productive Specified Pathogen Free White Leghorn hens were housed in isolators. Groups 1-4 consisted of 32 hens each, Group 5 of 10 hens. At 32 weeks of age all groups were inoculated intratracheally. Groups 1 and 2 were inoculated with a mix of 4 E...

Deletion of uvrC in R. anatipestfer Yb2 significantly reduced its biofilm formation. uvrC deletion led to reduced tolerance to H2 O2 - and HOCl-induced oxidative stress.The iron utilization of uvrC deleted mutant was significantly reduced.The uvrC deletion in R. anatipestifer Yb2 attenuated its virulence.

Abstract Monitoring Marek's disease (MD) vaccination is routinely done by evaluating load of MD vaccine in the feather pulp (FP) between 7-10 days of age. However, attempts in our laboratory to detect a novel CVI-LTR vaccine in the FP samples from commercial flocks failed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the most suitable tissue and age to monitor CVI-LTR vaccination. We used two different commercial CVI988 as controls. One hundred sixty one-day old commercial brown layers were vaccinated with either CVI-LTR, CVI988-A, CVI988-B, or remained unvaccinated...

Abstract The study describes three clinical cases of infection with Avibacterium spp.. In case no. 1, respiratory clinical signs and high mortality (0.7-4.2% daily; total 21.2%) in broiler chickens Ross 308 were shown to be caused by coinfection with sequence type 9 of O. rhinotracheale presumptive serotype A and A. paragallinarum presumptive serotype B. The identical PFGE restriction pattern (pulsotype) of seven A. paragallinarum isolates indicated that infectious coryza (IC) in broilers was caused by the same clone...

The quantitative real time reverse polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) is to date the preferred test method for the diagnosis of avian influenza (AI), which can be performed only in specialized laboratories. Different antigen detection methods for the diagnosis of AI were previously reported to be specific and sensitive in field outbreaks. These tests can be performed in simple country site labs. Brain smears of domestic birds (n = 105) collected during AI field outbreaks were examined with immunocytochemistry (IC)...

Abstract The aim of the present study was to monitor the dynamics and to measure the safety and efficacy of a live, attenuated, thermosensitive Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis vaccine candidate, namely MA271, in geese breeder flocks under field condition. Two rearing flocks were vaccinated with MA271 at four-week of age and boosted at 24 weeks of age by cloaca inoculation (1 ml) and eye-dropping (60 µl). The geese then were transported to multi-aged breeding farms. Two breeding flocks served as controls...

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary encapsulated organic acids (EOAs) and anticoccidials on the age-dependent development trend of intestinal Lactobacillus, E. coli, Coliforms, and Eimeria in Eimeria spp.-infected broiler chickens from a reused litter. 525 mixed-sex one-day-old broiler chickens were used in an uninfected/un-supplemented control plus a 2 (no EOA or 0.1% EOA) × 3 (no anticoccidial, 0.05% maduramicin, and 0.02% diclazuril) factorial arrangement of treatments as a completely randomized design with five replicates of fifteen chickens...

Abstract Based on the pathogenicity in chickens, most H1-H16 avian influenza (AI) viruses cause mild diseases, whereas some of the H5 and H7 AI viruses cause systemic disease. The number of basic amino acids in the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site of AI viruses plays a critical role in pathogenicity. As we gain a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity, genome sequencing of the HA0 cleavage site has assumed a greater role in assessment of the potential pathogenicity of H5 and H7 viruses...

Abstract Marek's disease (MD) is a neoplastic disease that significantly affects the poultry industry. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulatory factors in various biological processes, including tumourigenesis. However, the involvement of novel lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of MD virus (MDV) is still underexplored. Here, we present the first comprehensive characterisation of differentially expressed lncRNAs in chicken spleen at different stages of MDV infection. A series of differentially expressed lncRNAs was identified at each stage of MDV infection through screening...

ABSTRACT The trial's objective is to evaluate how broilers responded to Aspergillus flavus strains that are toxigenic and atoxigenic. The study includes four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with six replicates of 10 birds each. As a result of this study, feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), crude protein, ether extract, and crude fiber, the interaction was insignificant between the toxigenic and atoxigenic diets (P > 0.05). Consumption of toxigenic AflatoxinB1-500ppb diet decreased FI and WG but increased FCR, and cost to produce live broiler weight (P < 0...

abstract We report the first North American origin Class I Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) isolated from a fecal dropping of wild Eurasian teal ( Anas crecca ) in South Korea. Whole genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed that the AOAV-1/Eurasian teal/South Korea/KU1405-3/2017 virus belongs to the sub-genotype 1.2 of Class I AOAV-1. Phylogenetic analysis suggested multiple introductions of the North American sub-genotype 1.2 viruses into Asia and its establishment in the wild bird population in East Asia since May 2011...

Abstract Anticoccidial drugs have been used to treat avian coccidiosis for almost a century, but drug resistance, bird harm, and food residues have produced human health issues. Therefore, Nannochloropsis oculata was studied as a potential chemotherapeutic alternative for broilers affected with coccidiosis. A total of 150 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were treated as follows: G1-Ng: fed a basal diet; G2-Ps: challenged with Eimeria spp. oocysts and fed basal diet; G3-Clo: challenged and fed basal diet with clopidol; G4-NOa: challenged and fed 0...

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