American Journal of Clinical Oncology

OBJECTIVES: Beta-blockers, a class of drugs commonly used to manage blood pressure, have been the subject of research regarding their relationship to prostate cancer (PC) risk, prognosis, and treatment. Beta-blockers reduce risk and improve the prognosis of PC. Perioperative use of a nonselective beta-blocker improves outcomes after radical prostatectomy. However, a related class of drugs, beta-2 adrenergic agonists, has received little attention in PC. METHODS: We studied the relationship of the beta-2 adrenergic agonist salbutamol to PC risk and survival...

OBJECTIVE: We aim to explore whether the surgical tumor free margin is important for overall survival (OS) and local control in patients who undergo neoadjuvant radiation (RT) for vulvar cancer. METHODS: A retrospective review from 2004 to 2021 of patients who underwent RT followed by surgical resection was performed. Patients were categorized into groups based on margin status (no residual disease, >8 mm, close margins defined as 1 to 7 mm, or positive)...

OBJECTIVES: With sensitive imaging for breast cancer, the question arises whether present-day oncologists treat dOMBC with palliative systemic therapy (ST), which, a few years earlier, would have been treated with curative intent. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of dOMBC treated with curative intent using a combination of surgery, metastasis-directed radiotherapy (RT), and adjuvant/neoadjuvant ST and have also explored the possible role of total lesional glycolysis of metastases and p53 immunohistochemistry in predicting outcomes...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: In the recent MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-3, and MONALEESA-7 clinical trials, the addition of ribociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, to standard endocrine therapy significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with hormone therapy alone in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER) and HER2-negative breast cancer. However, its toxicity raises concerns when administered concomitantly with radiotherapy, leading most radiotherapists and medical oncologists to prefer to discontinue Ribociclib during radiotherapy (RT)...

OBJECTIVES: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) promising in treating metastatic HER2+ and HER2-low breast cancer. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis, integrating data from the latest clinical trials, aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of T-DXd in this patient population. METHODS: We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2024, focusing on clinical trials that assessed T-DXd's efficacy and safety...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Retroperitoneal tumors (RPTs) encompass both benign and malignant entities, constituting ~0.1% to 0.2% of all malignant tumors, of which 70% to 80% manifest malignancy. Predominantly, retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) represent the most prevalent subtype among RPT. With over 70 histologic forms identified, liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas emerge as the primary constituents of RPS. Accurate diagnosis of RPTs necessitates preoperative core-needle biopsy and comprehensive imaging assessment. The current staging protocol for RPS relies on the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/TNM classification...

OBJECTIVES: Disparities exist in the length and quality of survival from melanoma. This study evaluated, in a Texas cohort, patient factors associated with melanoma survival and examined if newer immune-oncologic agents extend survival compared with conventional therapies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma from 2011 to 2018 in the Texas Cancer Registry database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate patient characteristics associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS)...

OBJECTIVES: Melanoma survival has greatly improved with the advent of immunotherapy, but unequal access to these medications may exist due to nonmedical patient factors such as insurance status, educational background, and geographic proximity to treatment. METHODS: We used the National Cancer Database to assess patients with nonmetastatic cutaneous melanoma who underwent surgical resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with tumor involvement from 2015 to 2020...

OBJECTIVE: Given the vulnerable health condition of adult childhood cancer survivors, it is essential that they develop positive health behaviors to minimize controllable health risks. Therefore, we evaluated if adult survivors of non-childhood cancer and childhood cancer differ in the odds of each modifiable risk factor compared with each other and compared with the general population. METHODS: This nationally representative study leveraged the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sample from 2000 to 2018 and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) sample from 2016 to 2021...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a transformative treatment for various hematological malignancies. Still, its remarkable efficacy is accompanied by unique adverse events that must be carefully managed. This comprehensive literature review evaluates the safety profile of CAR T-cell therapy, focusing on cytopenia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and other potential complications. Cytopenia, characterized by reduced blood cell counts, affects a significant proportion of patients, with rates of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia reaching up to 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively...

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women, with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) being the predominant subtype. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), a novel antibody-drug conjugate, has emerged as a promising treatment for metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate its efficacy and safety. METHODS: Adhering to "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases up to December 2023...

OBJECTIVES: For many malignancies, hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) is an accepted standard associated with decreased treatment time and costs. United States provider beliefs regarding HFRT likely impact its adoption but are poorly studied. We surveyed US-based radiation oncologists (ROs) to gauge HFRT utilization rates for prostate (PC), breast (BC), and rectal cancer (RC) and to characterize the beliefs governing these decisions. METHODS: From July to October 2021, an anonymized, online survey was electronically distributed to ROs actively practicing in the United States...

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of women's cancer deaths after lung cancer. Risk factors such as environment, lifestyle, and genetics contribute to its development, including mutation in the breast cancer (BRCA) gene. Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) target these mutations, benefiting patients with advanced cancers. This review summarizes PARPi' safety and efficacy in the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast cancer. PubMed, The Cochrane Library for Clinical Trials, and Science Direct, were searched for articles from inception to April 2024...

OBJECTIVES: The adoption of transoral robotic surgery and shifting epidemiology in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer have stimulated debate over upfront and adjuvant treatment. Institutional variation in practice patterns can be obscured in patient-level analyses. We aimed to characterize institutional patterns of care as well as identify potential associations between patterns of care and survival. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients identified from 2004-2015 in the National Cancer Database...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the functional roles and molecular mechanism of Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) in the tumorigenesis of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Retrospective analysis was used. Tumor tissues and surrounding nontumor tissues of 150 patients with NSCLS who were surgically resected in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected. The expression of WTAP in NSCLC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiotoxic chemotherapy is used to treat malignancies such as breast cancer and lymphoma. These treatments predispose patients to cardiotoxicity that can lead to cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). The use of high doses of anthracyclines or in combination with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antagonists is associated with a progressively higher risk of CTRCD. CTRCD is preceded by increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system and abnormal left ventricular mechanical deformation as measured by abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS)...

OBJECTIVES: Studies investigating preoperative 5-fraction radiation therapy (RT) for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are limited. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of this treatment paradigm. METHODS: This study-level meta-analysis was conducted using Bayesian methods. Statistical estimation for risk of outcome rates was conducted by posterior mean and 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. Studies with 2-year local control (LC) and description of major wound complications (MWC) per the CAN-NCIC-SR2 study were included and served as the primary endpoints...

BACKGROUND: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as anticancer therapy across a variety of malignancies has led to durable efficacy in a subset of patients. However, associated side effects denoted immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have emerged and can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Particularly early in the experience of using these agents, a lack of standardized education regarding irAEs among patients and clinical providers may have contributed to poor outcomes...