Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism

INTRODUCTION: Dietary fat intake in pregnancy, lactation and childhood determines child growth, neurodevelopment and long-term health. METHODS: We performed a scoping review of dietary guidelines on fat intake for pregnant and lactating women, infants, children and adolescents. We systematically searched several databases and websites for relevant documents published in English from 2015-2019. RESULTS: We included 14 documents. Of those eight targeted pregnant and/or lactating women, mainly recommending daily intake of approx...

INTRODUCTION: Interventions promoting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) may benefit infant health outcomes, but evidence is inconsistent. The objective of this review was to assess the effect of interventions promoting EBF on health outcomes in infants and children under 7 years of age. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to April 2022...

INTRODUCTION: The potential influence of a Mediterranean diet (MD), on PhA values has been little researched. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence of a MD and PhA on adult sample population with obesity and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 331 patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Anthropometrics' data (weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference), BIA parameters (resistance reactance, PhA, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM)), and biochemical parameters were recorded...

INTRODUCTION: The nutritional status of children with neurological impairment affects their health and quality of life. Bulgaria has many abandoned disabled children in residential homes. Lack of parental care puts them at risk for poor growth, suboptimal nutrition and physical and mental development. Our study aims to identify factors associated with poor nutrition in Bulgarian children with neurological impairment living in different environments. METHODS: From January to December 2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted in northeastern Bulgaria...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a reduced ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Rehabilitation programs (RP) and nutritional therapy may affect the ability to perform ADLs. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the factors associated with reduced ability to perform ADLs in patients with COPD exacerbation. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A multivariate analysis of 75 patients (mean age, 77 years) with COPD exacerbation, divided into the Barthel index (BI) decline (△BI decreased ≥15) and without BI decline (△BI decreased ≤10) groups, was performed...

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation has also been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor analogs (GLP-1RA) are clinically used to treat obesity, with known anti-inflammatory properties. How the GLP-1RA exenatide effects inflammation in adolescents with obesity is not fully investigated. METHODS: 44 patients were randomized to receive weekly subcutaneous injections with either 2 mg exenatide or placebo for 6 months...

OBJECTIVE: Cancer cachexia occurs in cancer patients more frequently as the cancer progresses, with a negative impact on treatment outcomes. In this study, we sought to clarify the clinical impact of a cancer cachexia index CXI in patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing gastrectomy. METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2018, we reviewed data from 556 patients treated for GC at our hospital. CXI was calculated using skeletal muscle index (SMI), serum albumin, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR)...

INTRODUCTION: The synergistic impact of coexistent malnutrition and sarcopenia on morality in hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis remains elusive. This prospective cohort study aimed to delineate the prevalence concerning coexistence of malnutrition and sarcopenia and the prognosticating role on long-term mortality among cirrhosis. METHODS: Adult cirrhotic patients with decompensated episodes between 2019 and 2021 were consecutively enrolled. Malnutrition and sarcopenia were diagnosed according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) algorithm, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Quantitative measurements of liver fat contents (LFCs) by magnetic resonance imaging derived-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) are accurate but limited by availability, convenience, and expense in the surveillance of metabolic associated fatty liver (MAFLD). Insulin resistance (IR) and steatosis-associated serum indices are useful in screening for MAFLD, but their value in monitoring MAFLD with or without chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection remains unclear and we aimed to evaluate these scores in predicting changes in LFC...

BACKGROUND: Promoting and supporting breastfeeding is an important public health intervention with multiple benefits for both infants and mothers. Even modest increases in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding could significantly reduce healthcare costs and improve maternal and children health outcomes. However, widespread adoption of breastfeeding recommendations remains poor in most settings, which contributes to widening health and social inequalities. Pediatricians have a duty to advocate for improving child health, including promoting and supporting breastfeeding...

This meeting is the report of the European Childhood Obesity Group 32nd Annual Congress in Albena (Bulgaria), taking place from the 7th to the 9th of September 2023.

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INTRODUCTION: Dietary fat intake during pregnancy and childhood is important for health. However several health aspects are inconclusive. METHODS: We systematically searched Medline, Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos for systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or prospective cohort studies published from 01.01.2015 to 31.12.2019 assessing the association of dietary fat intake (including dietary supplements) during pregnancy and across childhood with pregnancy, perinatal, and child health outcomes...

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