Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

Purpose: Maintaining physical fitness plays an important role in the management of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Longitudinal data on the course of physical fitness and the potential impact of the introduction of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) in adult pwCF are scarce. Methods: Health-related and skill-related components of physical fitness were assessed using an incremental cycle test (Wpeak), plus forward bend (FB), prone bent knee hip extension (HE), plank leg raise (PLR), standing long jump (SLJ), and standing on one leg (OLS)...

Purpose : The aim of the study was to empirically support a broader motor competence moderated mediation approach in which motor coordination is the predictor variable and motor competence self-perception is the outcome variable, anxiety and self-esteem are mediator variables, and gender is the moderator variable. Method : 327 year-4 Primary Education pupils participated. A conditional processes analysis was performed by macro PROCESS v.3.4. Results : For the moderation effects, interactions appeared between motor coordination and gender when taking self-esteem, anxiety and motor competence self-perception as outcome variables...

Purpose : The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of players' relative age, maturation-related characteristics, and motor performance tests on two different stages of talent selection (regional and national level) in youth elite basketball. Methods : Relative age, maturation-related variables (height, weight, maturity offset, maturity timing) and motor performance (Countermovement jump, Standing long jump, Modified agility T-test, Linear sprint 20 m) of N  = 68 male youth basketball players ( M age  = 14...

Setbacks are common occurrences in sport. Recently, setbacks such as injuries and deselection have been accompanied, and confounded, by setbacks related to COVID-19. How students manage a setback may depend on the interaction of two control beliefs: primary control (PC) to directly influence the setback and secondary control (SC) to adjust to it. Purpose: This study investigates the relationships between athletes' PC and SC and two important sport setback-related outcomes-anxiety and rumination. Method: We employed a cross-sectional design examining collegiate athletes in the USA and Canada ( N  = 200; M age  = 20...

Purpose: Exogenous melatonin has been proven to have beneficial effects on sleep. A good sleep quality promotes recovery and improves physical performance. In this sense, the present study aimed to explore the potential effect of nocturnal melatonin ingestion on psycho-cognitive and short-term maximal performances, in the following morning. Method: Twelve professional soccer players (22.9 ± 1.3 years, 1.80 ± 0.05 m, and 72.0 ± 8.8 kg) volunteered to perform two separate testing sessions after either nocturnal melatonin or placebo ingestion...

Purpose : Because obesity has not responded well to instructing affected adults in healthier eating behaviors and increased physical activity/exercise, enhanced research on psychosocial determinants of those behavioral changes is needed. Intervention foci on self-regulation have been suggested, but targeted research is required. Method : Women with obesity participated in community-based treatments that were either self-regulation-focused (self-regulation emphasis group; n  = 52) or typical instruction-based (education [treatment-as-usual] group; n  = 54)...

Purpose : In this study we evaluated the reliability of blood lactate levels (BLa), energy expenditure and substrate utilization during prolonged exercise at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (FATmax). Furthermore, we investigated the accuracy of a single graded exercise test (GXT) for predicting energy metabolism at FATmax. Methods : Seventeen young men with obesity (26 ± 6 years; 36.4 ± 7.2 %body fat) performed a GXT on a treadmill in a fasted state (10-12 h) for the assessment of FATmax and cardiorespiratory fitness...

Purpose: Experimental studies investigating the outcomes of physical exercise among age-stratified groups of older women are still incipient. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a ten-month multicomponent physical program on the physical fitness of older women in three age-stratified groups (60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years). Method: Participants ( n = 141) were divided into three age groups: GR1 60-69 years ( n = 45; 65.2 ± 2.3 years); GR2 70-79 years ( n = 67; 72.9 ± 2.9 years), GR3 ≥80 years ( n = 29; 83...

Purpose: Enriching learners' motor repertoires in a complex pluri-articular task, such as climbing, could help learners' adaptation to various sets of task constraints. Promoting exploration with variable practice conditions is one solution recurrently proposed. However, recent studies have shown that a too elevated exploration-exploitation ratio during practice could impair learning. A proposed solution is to give learners some control over their practice schedule, which appeared to better respect the individual learning dynamic in comparison to the usual experimenter-imposed practice schedule...

Purpose : The aims of this study were to examine the learning of anticipation skill in the presence of kinematic and outcome probabilities information, and to see if this learning exhibited characteristics of Bayesian integration. Method : Participants with no competitive tennis playing experience watched tennis player stimuli playing forehand tennis shots and were tasked with predicted shot outcomes. Accuracy, response times and perceived task effort were recorded, pre, post and during four acquisition blocks where outcome feedback was provided...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate combined training (CT) on both the gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and senescence in the immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of obese middle-aged individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Thirty obese individuals (50.2 ± 9.4 years; body mass index: 31.8 ± 2.3 kg/m²) with T2D underwent 16 weeks of a CT group [CT; aerobic (50-60% of VO2max ) plus resistance (50-75% of 1RM) training; 3 times/week, 70 min/session; n = 16)] or a control group (CG, n = 14)...

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the performance-derived parameters utilizing isolinear (ISOLIN ) and isovelocity (ISOVEL ) sprint cycling modes. Method: For that, 20 male trained cyclists performed 2 sprints of 7 s on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer in ISOLIN and six sprints in ISOVEL mode with cadences between 90 and 180 rpm, each separated by 3-min. A linear function modeled the sprints within each mode to extrapolate maximal cadence (CMAX ) and torque (TMAX ), and a quadratic function was used to extrapolate the apex defined as optimal cadence power (OPTCAD ) and peak power output (PMAX )...

Purpose : Alpine ski racing is a complex sport where no single factor can exclusively account for performance. We assessed body composition, using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), and our purpose was to study its influence on the strength and power profile of young alpine skiers. Methods : Anthropometric measurements and advanced BIVA parameters were recorded on eighteen alpine ski racers (6 females/12 males; 17.0 ± 1.3 years; 172.2 ± 9.3 cm; 68...

Purpose: This study examined the acute influence of a bench press (BP) loading on the explosive squat (SQ) performance and vice versa. Methods: Nineteen strength-trained men completed 2 experimental sessions consisting of either a SQ+BP loading or a BP+SQ loading with 3 × 5 + 3 × 3 repetitions at 80% of the 1-repetition maximum in a randomized order. SQ and BP mean propulsive velocity (MPV) were assessed during both loadings, at baseline (T0) as well as immediately after the first (T1) and second strength loading (T2)...

Purpose: We examined whether the situational match factors (location, result, and opposition quality), as well as playing position and menstrual cycle phase, influenced self-reported well-being in female soccer players. Methods: Twenty-two professional players (25 ± 5 years) from a squad in the Women's Super League in England self-reported their menstrual cycle phase via an online survey, and their soreness, sleep, stress, mood, and fatigue on a 1 (positive) to 5 (negative) scale on the morning of match day (MD) and for the next 3 days (referred to as MD + 1, MD + 2, MD + 3, respectively)...

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the chronic effects of low-load strength training (LT) with complete intermittent blood flow restriction (IBFR) on neural adaptations and strength in biceps brachii. Methods: Nineteen volunteers were randomly assigned into two different 9-week training protocols consisting of three assessment weeks and six training weeks: (a) LT with complete IBFR (LT-IBFR; n = 10) and (b) LT without complete IBFR (LT; n = 9). Strength was evaluated by predicted 1 repetition maximum (1RM) at weeks 1, 5, and 9 and neural function by root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) at sessions 1, 7, and 12 during the first three and last three repetitions...

Purpose : This study seeks to describe the perspective of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and physical education (PE) teachers concerning physical activity practice in high school. Methods : A qualitative descriptive study based on an interpretative framework was conducted with secondary school students with ADHD, and their teachers of physical education. In-depth interviews and researchers' field notes were used to collect the data. Purposive sampling and inductive thematic analysis were applied...

Purpose: This study aimed to compare match-play running performance between players with a high (HASR ) and low (LASR ) anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) profile in professional soccer players. Method: Thirty-six male players from the same club (age: 23.3 ± 5.4 years) took part in this study. Match data were collected from 43 home matches of the first and second division of the Brazilian National Championship over two consecutive seasons. Players had their maximal sprinting (MSS) and aerobic speeds (MAS) determined during field test-based assessments...

Purpose : Research has identified a range of intrapersonal variables associated with moral behaviors in sport. However, research investigating how perfectionism and burnout are associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents in sport has received scant attention. In the present study, we address this issue by examining whether perfectionism is associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport directly and indirectly via burnout and moral disengagement. Method : A total of 312 team sport players completed validated measures for each variable...

Background: The benefits of caffeine to physical performance have been extensively demonstrated, however, it has recently been speculated that there is an effect of the administration route on its effectiveness. Purpose: The current study investigated the effect of caffeine mouth rinse in isolation or combined with ingestion on performance in a 30-minute constant-load exercise followed by a 10-km cycling time trial. Methods: Ten physically active men performed a 30-minute constant-load exercise at 50% of the graded test Wmax, followed by a 10-km cycling time trial...