journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459921/impacts-of-preweaning-colostrum-feeding-practices-and-health-measures-on-dairy-cow-production-while-accounting-for-genetic-potential
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizah D McFarland, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Christine F Baes, Henrik Stryhn, Gregory Keefe, J T McClure
Calf management and health are essential for setting up the foundation of a productive cow. The objectives of this study were to estimate the impact of preweaning practices on milk production parameters while accounting for an animal's genetic potential in New Brunswick, Canada. A retrospective cohort study was performed on 220 heifer calves from eight herds born in 2014-2015. Preweaning practices and health data were recorded by producers and reviewed by the herd veterinarian for each calf. The herd veterinarian also visited the farms to collect serum samples from calves and frozen colostrum samples...
March 9, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456567/the-influence-of-steroidal-implants-and-manganese-sulfate-supplementation-on-growth-performance-trace-mineral-status-hepatic-gene-expression-hepatic-enzyme-activity-and-circulating-metabolites-in-feedlot-steers
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dathan T Smerchek, Emma L Rients, Amy M McLaughlin, Jacob A Henderson, Brock M Ortner, Kara J Thornton, Stephanie L Hansen
Angus-cross steers (n = 144; 359 kg ± 13.4) were used to assess the effect of dietary Mn and steroidal implants on performance, TM status, hepatic enzyme activity, hepatic gene expression, and serum metabolites. Steers (n = 6/pen) were stratified by BW in a 3 × 2 factorial. GrowSafe bunks recorded individual feed intake (experimental unit = steer; n = 24/treatment). Dietary treatments included (MANG; 8 pens per treatment; Mn as MnSO4): 1) no supplemental Mn (analyzed 14 mg Mn/kg DM; Mn0); 2) 20 mg supplemental Mn/kg DM (Mn20); 3) 50 mg supplemental Mn/kg DM (Mn50)...
March 8, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447078/development-of-an-experimental-model-for-liver-abscess-induction-in-holstein-steers-using-an-acidotic-diet-challenge-and-bacterial-inoculation
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zach S McDaniel, Kristin E Hales, Harith Salih, Alyssa Deters, Xiaorong Shi, T G Nagaraja, Ty E Lawrence, Travis C Tennant, Raghavendra G Amachawadi, Jeff A Carroll, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Michael L Galyean, Taylor M Smock, Michael A Ballou, Vinicius S Machado, Emily Davis, Paul R Broadway
Holstein steers (n = 40; initial BW = 84.9 ± 7.1 kg) were used to study the genesis of liver abscesses (LA) using an acidotic diet challenge with or without intraruminal bacterial inoculation. Steers were housed in individual pens inside a barn and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) low-starch control diet comprised primarily of dry-rolled corn and wet corn gluten feed (CON); 2) high-starch acidotic diet with steam-flaked corn (AD); or 3) acidotic diet plus intraruminal inoculation with Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447056/a-comparative-analysis-of-git-barrier-function-and-immune-markers-in-gilt-vs-sow-progeny-at-birth-and-weaning
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Udani A Wijesiriwardana, John R Pluske, Jessica R Craig, John B Furness, Mitchell Ringuet, Linda J Fothergill, Frank R Dunshea, Jeremy J Cottrell
Progeny born to primiparous sows (gilt progeny; GP) have lower birth, weaning and slaughter weights than sow progeny (SP). GP also have reduced gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, as evidenced by lower organ weights. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to quantify changes in GIT barrier function that occur birth and weaning, representing two major challenges to the young piglet. The effects of parity (GP vs SP) in GIT barrier integrity function was quantified at four timepoints: birth (~0 h), 24 hours after birth (24 h), 1-day pre-weaning (PrW) and 1-day post-weaning (PoW) in commercially reared piglets...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442241/effect-of-continuous-or-intermittent-feeding-of-ergot-contaminated-grain-in-a-mash-or-pelleted-form-on-the-performance-and-health-of-feedlot-beef-steers
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M R Reynolds, K Stanford, D M Meléndez, K S Schwartzkopf-Genswein, T A McAllister, B R Blakley, J J McKinnon, G O Ribeiro
This study evaluated the effect of feeding ergot contaminated grain continuously or intermittently through backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FN) in a mash or pelleted supplement on the growth performance, health and welfare parameters, and carcass characteristics of feedlot beef steers. Sixty black Angus steers (300 ±29.4 kg BW) were used in a complete randomized 238-d study. Steers were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to 4 different diets (15 steers/treatment) and individually housed. Treatments included: 1) control (CON; no added EA), 2) continuous ergot mash (CEM; fed continuously at 2 mg total EA/kg of DM), 3) intermittent ergot mash (IEM; fed at 2 mg total EA/kg of DM, during the first week of each 21-d period and CON for the remaining 2 weeks, this feeding pattern was repeated in each period), and 4) intermittent ergot pellet (IEP; fed at 2 mg of total EA/kg of DM as a pellet during the first week of each 21-d period and CON for the remaining 2 weeks as described for IEM)...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442226/the-effects-of-hydrolyzed-protein-on-macronutrient-digestibility-fecal-metabolites-and-microbiota-oxidative-stress-and-inflammatory-biomarkers-and-skin-and-coat-quality-in-adult-dogs
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clare Hsu, Fabio Marx, Ryan Guldenpfennig, Negin Valizadegan, Maria R C de Godoy
Research on protein hydrolysates has observed various properties and functionalities on ingredients depending on the type of hydrolysate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed chicken protein that was incorporated into diets on digestibility, gut health, skin and coat health, oxidative stress, and intestinal inflammation markers in healthy adult dogs. Five complete and balanced diets were manufactured: 1) CONd: 25% chicken meal diet; 2) 5% CLHd: 5% chicken liver and heart hydrolysate plus 20% chicken meal diet; 3) CLHd: 25% chicken liver and heart hydrolysate diet; 4) 5% CHd: 5% chicken hydrolysate plus 20% chicken meal diet; 5) CHd: 25% chicken hydrolysate diet...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442185/identification-and-characterization-of-unknown-disturbances-in-a-structured-population-using-high-throughput-phenotyping-data-and-measurement-of-robustness-application-to-growing-pigs
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vincent Le, Tom Rohmer, Ingrid David
Improving the robustness of animals has become a priority in breeding due to climate change, new societal demands and the agroecological transition. Components of animal robustness can be extracted from the analysis of the adaptive response of an animal to disturbance using longitudinal data. Nonetheless, this response is a function of animal robustness as well as of disturbance characteristics (intensity and duration). To correctly assess an animal's robustness potential, it is therefore useful to know the characteristics of the disturbances it faces...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38437631/maternal-protein-supplementation-during-mid-gestation-improves-offspring-performance-and-metabolism-in-beef-cows
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina B Nascimento, Matheus C Galvão, Javier A M Meneses, German D Ramírez-Zamudio, Douglas G Pereira, Pedro V R Paulino, Daniel R Casagrande, Tathyane R S Gionbelli, Marcio M Ladeira, Marcio S Duarte, Juan J Loor, Mateus P Gionbelli
This study examined the impact of maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation on offspring, considering potential sex-related effects. Forty-three pregnant purebred Tabapuã beef cows (20 female; 23 male fetuses) were collectively managed in a pasture until 100 days of gestation. From 100 to 200 days of gestation, they were randomly assigned to the Restricted group [(RES) - basal diet (75% corn silage + 25% sugar cane bagasse + mineral mixture); n = 24] or Control group [(CON) - same basal diet + based-plant supplement [40% of crude protein, 3...
March 4, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38430558/supplemental-trace-minerals-as-complexed-or-inorganic-sources-for-beef-cattle-during-the-receiving-period
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robin A Cheek, Elizabeth B Kegley, Jason R Russell, Jana L Reynolds, Kirsten A Midkiff, Doug Galloway, Jeremy G Powell
To investigate effects of inorganic or complexed trace mineral source (zinc, copper, manganese, and cobalt) on receiving period performance and morbidity, crossbred beef heifer calves (n = 287) arriving on 3 delivery dates were used in a 42-day receiving trial. Heifers were processed after arrival, stratified by d -1 body weights (BW) and allocated randomly to 8 pens (11 to 13 heifers/pen, 24 pens total). Within truckload, pens were assigned randomly to dietary treatment (n = 12 pens/treatment). Heifers were housed on 0...
March 2, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38422238/effects-of-%C3%AE-mannanase-supplementation-on-intestinal-health-and-growth-of-nursery-pigs
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ki Beom Jang, Young Ihn Kim, Marcos Elias Duarte, Sung Woo Kim
Two experiments were conducted using 120 pigs to test the hypothesis that supplementation of β-mannanase could reduce digesta viscosity, enhance nutrient digestion, and improve intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 48 crossbred barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments with increasing levels of β-mannanase at 0, 200, 400, and 600 unit (U)/kg in feeds. All pigs were euthanized on d 12 to collect jejunal digesta to measure digesta viscosity and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF)...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38417056/functional-properties-of-ganoderma-lucidum-supplementation-in-canine-nutrition
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emanuela Kayser, Paola L Castaneda, Katiria Soto-Diaz, Andrew J Steelman, Alayna Murphy, Maria Spindola, Fei He, Maria R C de Godoy
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a mushroom that has been widely used in Asia for its immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory capacity, which has been hypothesized to be attributed mainly to the recognition of its cell surface patterns by cells of the immune system present in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a cascade of modulatory events. However, the nutraceutical properties of GL have not been tested in dogs. Forty adult beagles were used in a completely randomized design. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of GL on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and natural killers), vaccine response, nutrient digestibility, fecal fermentative end-products, and skin and coat quality of adult dogs...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412360/effects-of-crude-protease-produced-by-bacillus-subtilis-mafic-y7-on-growth-performance-immune-indices-and-anti-inflammatory-responses-of-broilers-fed-soybean-meal-or-cottonseed-meal-based-diets
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiangyue Guo, Qianxi Li, Lixue Wang, Ying Zhang, Johnston Lee J, Crystal L Levesque, Yunhe Cao, Bing Dong
A strain of Bacillus subtilis (MAFIC Y7) was isolated from the intestine of Tibetan Pigs and was able to express high protease activity. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteases produced by MAFIC Y7 and to investigate the effects of proteases addition on growth performance, ileal amino acid digestibility, and serum immunoglobulin and immune factors of broilers fed SBM- based diets, or on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and intestinal morphology of broilers fed CSM-based diets. Bacillus subtilis (MAFIC Y7) expressed protease showed its optimal enzyme activity at 50°C and pH 7...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407272/short-communications-one-carbon-metabolite-supplementation-to-nutrient-restricted-beef-heifers-affects-placental-vascularity-during-early-pregnancy
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chutikun Kanjanaruch, Kerri A Bochantin, Bethania J Dávila Ruiz, Jessica Syring, Yssi Entzie, Layla King, Pawel P Borowicz, Matthew S Crouse, Joel S Caton, Carl R Dahlen, Alison K Ward, Lawrence P Reynolds
We hypothesized that restricted maternal nutrition and supplementation of one-carbon metabolites (OCM; methionine, folate, choline, and vitamin B12) would affect placental vascular development during early pregnancy. A total of 43 cows were bred, and 32 heifers successfully became pregnant with female calves, leading to the formation of four treatment groups: CON - OCM (n=8), CON + OCM (n=7), RES - OCM (n=9), and RES + OCM (n=8). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial, with main factors of dietary intake affecting average daily gain: control (CON; 0...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38401157/association-of-glucose-metabolism-and-insulin-resistance-with-feed-efficiency-and-production-traits-of-finishing-beef-steers
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew P Foote, Carlee M Salisbury, Mindy E King, Abigail R Rathert-Williams, Hunter L McConnell, Matthew R Beck
Increasing nutrient utilization efficiency is an important component of enhancing the sustainability of beef cattle production. The objective of this experiment was to determine the association of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed ratio (G:F), and residual feed intake (RFI). Steers (n = 54; initial body weight = 518 ± 27.0 kg) were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) where glucose was dosed through a jugular catheter and serial blood samples were collected...
February 24, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38401155/impact-of-supplementing-a-backgrounding-diet-with-non-protein-nitrogen-on-in-vitro-methane-production-nutrient-digestibility-and-steer-performance
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan de J Vargas, Federico Tarnonsky, Federico Podversich, Araceli Maderal, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Camila Gomez-López, Daniella Heredia, Tessa M Schulmeister, Isabel Ruiz-Ascacibar, Angela Gonella-Diaza, Ignacio R Ipharraguerre, Nicolas DiLorenzo
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) supplementation on in vitro fermentation and animal performance using a backgrounding diet. In Exp. 1, incubations were conducted on three separate days (replicates). Treatments were control (CTL, without NPN), urea (U), urea-biuret (UB), and urea-biuret-nitrate (UBN) mixtures. Except for control, treatments were isonitrogenous using 1% U inclusion as a reference. Ruminal fluid was collected from two Angus-crossbred steers fed a backgrounding diet plus 100 g of a UBN mixture for at least 35 d...
February 24, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38401147/cattle-are-more-motivated-for-a-high-concentrate-diet-than-sudan-grass-hay-despite-low-reticulorumen-ph
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachael E Coon, Cassandra B Tucker
Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is characterized by chronic low ruminal pH, occurs for feedlot cattle fed high-concentrate diets. Forages slow digestion and reduce acid production. We aimed to assess how motivated finishing cattle are to access forage (Sudan grass hay, SG) via their willingness to interact with an electrified barrier. Reticulorumen pH was measured to relate the results with digestive health. Twenty-eight animals fed a high-concentrate ration ad-libitum had access to 4 L of one of two treatments (n=14/treatment) fed 1x/d behind a barrier: 1) SG, or 2) an additional offering of the normal ration (TMR)...
February 24, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366605/relationship-of-tissue-dimensions-and-three-captive-bolt-application-sites-on-cadaver-heads-from-mature-swine-sus-scrofa-domesticus-200%C3%A2-kg-body-weight
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karly N Anderson, Ashlynn A Kirk, Jennifer Berger, Arquimides A Reyes, Ruth Woiwode, Perle E Zhitnitskiy, Kurt D Vogel
Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is a common method of euthanasia for swine but has not been evaluated for mature swine < 200 kg BW. The objectives were to determine tissue depth, brain contact plane, and visible brain tissue damage (BD) for the common FRONTAL (F) and alternative TEMPORAL (T) and BEHIND EAR (BE) placements for PCB use on sows and boars weighing < 200 kg. Cadaver heads were obtained from 30 sows and 30 boars (estimated body weight (BW), Mean ± SD; sows: 165.8 ± 22.4 kg; boars: 173...
February 15, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366060/nitrogen-and-energy-utilization-and-methane-emissions-of-sheep-grazing-on-annual-pasture-vs-native-pasture
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaili Xie, Fuyao Liu, Cheng Zhang, Fujiang Hou
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in annual pasture and native pasture on dry matter (DM) intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) and energy utilization, and methane (CH4) emission of grazing sheep, and to provide basis for rational livestock grazing in salinized regions. The study used 10 male Hu sheep ♀ × thin-tailed Han sheep ♂ rams (20±5 kg) aged 5 months. Sheep grazing was conducted in annual pasture and native pasture using a 2×2 Latin square design...
February 15, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364366/elucidating-the-factors-and-consequences-of-the-severity-of-rumen-acidosis-in-first-lactation-holstein-cows-during-transition-and-early-lactation
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Hartinger, Ezequias Castillo-Lopez, Nicole Reisinger, Qendrim Zebeli
First-lactation cows are particularly prone to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) during transition. Besides common risk factors of SARA, such as feeding of starch-rich diets, an individual severity of SARA in cows has been recently evidenced. Yet, the factors that play a role in SARA severity have not been elucidated. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the factors of SARA severity in first-lactation cows during transition and early lactation, which go beyond high-grain feeding, and to explore their impact on behavior, health, and fermentation in the rumen and hindgut...
February 14, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364365/identification-and-screening-of-circular-rnas-circrnas-during-adipogenic-differentiation-of-ovine-preadipocyte-by-rna-seq
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiyuan Shen, Xiayang Jin, Zhiyun Hao, Jiqing Wang, Jiang Hu, Xiu Liu, Shaobin Li, Fangfang Zhao, Mingna Li, Zhidong Zhao, Bingang Shi, Chunyan Ren
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. However, little is known about genome-wide identification, expression profile, and function of circRNAs in sheep. To investigate the role of circRNAs during ovine adipogenic differentiation, the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Tibetan rams was collected in June 2022. Subsequently, the preadipocytes were immediately isolated from collected adipose tissue and then induced to begin differentiation...
February 14, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
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