Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are among the leading contributors to disability in India and worldwide. The pattern, prevalence, and distribution of psychiatric disorders in the country and its regions need to be assessed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. No study on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders has been conducted in the Chhattisgarh state. This paper, as part of the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), discusses the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders in Chhattisgarh state...

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation (SD) refers to getting less than the required amount of sleep, which for adults ranges from 7 to 9 h of sleep per night and can be caused by social and biological factors. College students experience SD, which can affect their academic performance, health, and mood. Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT), an upcoming method of intervention, has been used in other psychological conditions with positive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VRT on individuals with SD...

BACKGROUND: Systematic data on mental health issues among adults with cataracts are not available from India. This study explored the impact of cataract surgery on depressive and generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms in an adult Indian sample. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted. Subjects were recruited from four tertiary eye hospitals to assess depression, GA, and associated risk factors. A follow-up survey was carried out at 6 ( n = 273, group 1), 12 ( n = 198, group 2), or 18 months ( n = 105, group 3) post-cataract surgery...

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BACKGROUND: Emotional facial expression database, used in emotion regulation studies, is a special set of pictures with high social and biological relevance. We present the AIIMS Facial Toolbox for Emotion Recognition (AFTER) database. It consists of pictures of 15 adult professional artists displaying seven facial expressions-neutral, happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 15 volunteer students from a professional drama college in India (six males and nine females; mean age = 26...

BACKGROUND: The Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) is an objective measure to assess empathic accuracy. Due to the variability in the number and linked emotions of the narrated events, we adapted EAT for the Indian sociocultural setting as Indian EAT (I-EAT). METHODS: Eight videos were adapted in three languages (English, Hindi, and Kannada), narrating emotional events with a uniform representation of age groups, different emotions, and sex. The adapted I-EAT was then validated by cross-sectional comparison with different tests similar to EAT and those that assessed concepts different from or similar to empathy, in 29 healthy young adults, 23 healthy older adults (aged ≥60 years) along with clinical groups of 15 young people with depression, 15 older people with depression, and 15 young people with schizophrenia...

BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that plays a prominent role in substance use disorder (SUD). The UPPS-P model distinguishes five impulsivity components (positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking). This study aimed to explore the structure of the UPPS-P in patients hospitalized for SUDs and to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of impulsivity and clinical variables. METHOD: Inpatients of a residential detoxification service ( n = 125) were recruited...

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BACKGROUND: Schemas help with the organization and interpretation of information. Adaptive schemas indicate positive predisposing thinking patterns in an individual. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically robust tool to assess adaptive schema in a nonclinical sample. METHOD: This research comprises two independent studies. Study I was multiphased. In Phase I ( n = 70), 36 open-ended items were generated following the Young schema therapy model and qualitatively analyzed...

Patients are filtered by rigorously defined study selection criteria for recruitment into research; this is necessary to improve signal detection, improve internal validity, reduce study-related risks, and meet ethical standards. Research patients are assessed and managed in ways that differ from usual practice. So, neither patients nor the treatment environment resembles everyday patients treated in everyday practice. This diminishes the generalizability of study findings; that is, their external validity...

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BACKGROUND: Study tours are known to have an important role in enriching the knowledge of students in all fields. Our study aimed to evaluate the experience of a postgraduate and faculty study tour in the field of mental health. METHODS: We obtained both quantitative and descriptive feedback from 31 participants who had taken part in the annual study tour conducted in the years 2014-2018 using a specially designed feedback pro forma. RESULTS: All the participants reported overall satisfaction with the tour...

BACKGROUND: The cost of illness (COI) for common mental disorders (CMDs) that include depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorder is less studied in India. Hence, we studied the COI and disability of CMDs and their relationship in patients with depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 220 patients (110 with depression, 58 with anxiety disorders, and 52 with somatoform disorders) and evaluated disability using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)...

BACKGROUND: In anxiety disorders, culture is important in symptom presentation and help-seeking. Most tools for anxiety disorders are not validated in India and thus might not capture culture-specific aspects of anxiety. This study aims to identify and generate culturally specific terms to describe symptoms of anxiety as part of the development of the Kannada version of the Panic and Anxiety National Indian Questionnaire (PANIQ). The PANIQ is a tool under development to identify anxiety and panic in Indian settings...

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