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Journals Methods and Findings in Experi...

Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225006/valeriana-jatamansi-partially-reverses-liver-cirrhosis-and-tissue-hyperproliferative-response-in-rat
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Prasad, M Naime, I Routray, A Mahmood, F Khan, S Ali
Valeriana jatamansi (family, Valerianaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb in the Indian subcontinent. This study provides experimental evidence indicating the therapeutic effect of the extract prepared from the dried rhizome of the herb in an animal model of liver cirrhosis and on cell proliferation. Liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by thioacetamide (0.03% in drinking water for 16 weeks). After inducing liver cirrhosis, rats were administered the extract orally for 9 weeks. Treatment was found to partially reverse the elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase and selected biochemical markers of hepatic injury including drug-metabolizing enzymes...
December 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225005/evaluation-of-antinociceptive-effects-of-galipea-longiflora-alkaloid-extract-and-major-alkaloid-2-phenylquinoline
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
F Campos-Buzzi, M Fracasso, B K Clasen, J C Ticona, A Gimenez, V Cechinel-Filho
The present study evaluated the antinociceptive properties of an alkaloid extract and 2-phenylquinoline obtained from the bark of Galipea longiflora Krause (Rutaceae) against different models of pain in mice. The results demonstrate that the alkaloid extract caused a pronounced antinociceptive effect with the main alkaloid detected, 2-phenylquinoline, exhibiting moderate activity. The alkaloid extract had a calculated ID50 value of 20.3 mg/kg i.p. and less than 50 mg/kg p.o. against the writhing test which proved to be more effective than the reference drugs when administered by both routes...
December 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225019/gateways-to-clinical-trials
#23
A Tomillero, M A Moral
Gateways to Clinical Trials is a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the Clinical Trials Knowledge Area of Thomson Reuters Integrity(SM), the drug discovery and development portal, https://www.thomsonreutersintegrity.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Abatacept, Adalimumab, AdCD40L, Adefovir, Aleglitazar, Aliskiren fumarate, AM-103, Aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, Amlodipine, Anakinra, Aprepitant, Aripiprazole, Atazanavir sulfate, Axitinib; Belimumab, Bevacizumab, Bimatoprost, Bortezomib, Bupropion/naltrexone; Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, Certolizumab pegol, Ciclesonide, CYT-997; Darbepoetin alfa, Darunavir, Dasatinib, Desvenlafaxine succinate, Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride cogramostim; Eltrombopag olamine, Emtricitabine, Escitalopram oxalate, Eslicarbazepine acetate, Eszopiclone, Etravirine, Everolimus-eluting coronary stent, Exenatide, Ezetimibe; Fenretinide, Filibuvir, Fludarabine; Golimumab; Hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin, HEV-239, HP-802-247, HPV-16/18 AS04, HPV-6/11/16/18, Human albumin, Human gammaglobulin; Imatinib mesylate, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Invaplex 50 vaccine; Lapatinib ditosylate, Lenalidomide, Liposomal doxorubicin, Lopinavir, Lumiliximab, LY-686017; Maraviroc, Mecasermin rinfabate; Narlaprevir; Ocrelizumab, Oral insulin, Oritavancin, Oxycodone hydrochloride/naloxone; Paclitaxel-eluting stent, Palonosetron hydrochloride, PAN-811, Paroxetine, Pazopanib hydrochloride, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Pemetrexed disodium, Pertuzumab, Pitavastatin calcium, Posaconazole, Pregabalin, Prucalopride succinate; Raltegravir potassium, Ranibizumab, RHAMM R3 peptide, Rosuvastatin calcium; Salclobuzic acid sodium salt, SCY-635, Selenate sodium, Semapimod hydrochloride, Silodosin, Siltuximab, Silybin, Sirolimus-eluting stent, SIR-Spheres, Sunitinib malate; Tapentadol hydrochloride, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tocilizumab, Tositumomab/iodine (I131) tositumomab, Trabectedin, TransVax™ hepatitis C vaccine; Ustekinumab; V-260, Valspodar, Varenicline tartrate, VCL-IPT1, Vildagliptin, VRC-HIVADV014-00-VP, VRC-HIVDNA009-00-VP, VRC-HIVDNA016-00-VP; Yttrium 90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan, Yttrium Y90 Epratuzumab; Zibotentan, Zotarolimus-eluting stent...
November 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225018/efficacy-and-safety-of-montelukast-add-on-therapy-in-allergic-rhinitis
#24
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
V Modgill, D K Badyal, A Verghese
Allergic rhinitis is a common airways hypersensitivity disease. Histamine and leukotrienes are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Conventional treatments include topical steroids and antihistamines. Due to the adverse effects of these treatments, new drugs like leukotriene receptor antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. A total of 90 patients suffering from allergic rhinitis were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. Patients were divided randomly into three groups of 30 patients each...
November 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225017/effect-of-the-at%C3%A2-receptor-antagonist-losartan-on-diurnal-variation-in-pain-threshold-in-spontaneously-hypertensive-rats
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D M Pechlivanova, P P Markova, A G Stoynev
Angiotensin (AT) II plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and water-salt balance and modulates nociception. Peptides based on AT influence central functions through the activation of AT₁, AT₂ or AT₄ receptors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of AT₁ receptors in diurnal variation in nociception in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male Wistar rats (16 weeks old) and SHR were caged individually and exposed to light from 08:00 to 20:00 h. The tail cuff method for noninvasive measurement of arterial blood pressure (ABP), paw pressure test for the determination of pain threshold and rotarod test to study motor coordination were used...
November 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225016/effect-of-proanthocyanidin-arginine-and-glutamine-supplementation-on-methotrexate-induced-gastrointestinal-toxicity-in-rats
#26
COMPARATIVE STUDY
M Gulgun, A Karaoglu, V Kesik, B Kurt, O Erdem, D Tok, E Kismet, V Koseoglu, O Ozcan
Methotrexate is a folate antagonist that is commonly used as an antitumor and antiarthritic drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible roles of exogenous glutamine (Glu), arginine (Arg) and proanthocyanidin (PA) on gut protection from methotrexate-induced intestinal damage in rats. Experimental rats were separated into eight groups. The first (sham) group received a 0.9% NaCl solution alone. The second group received intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate (20 mg/kg/day) administered on day 4 of the experiment and continued for 5 days...
November 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225015/the-effect-of-fluoxetine-on-electrical-field-stimulation-induced-responses-in-the-isolated-rat-small-intestine
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
F Farajian-Mashhadi, R J Naylor, F A Javid
The effects of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, were studied in the isolated rat small intestine. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) triggered relaxant and/or contractile responses that were sensitive to tetrodotoxin and fluoxetine at 1.0-10.0 μM. In 0.1 mM hexamethonium-treated tissues, fluoxetine (1.0 μM) induced a relaxant response at 10.0 Hz, while it decreased the attenuation of the contractile responses to EFS. In PCPA pretreated rat jejunum and ileum, 1.0 μM of fluoxetine induced a greater relaxation response to EFS and significantly attenuated the contractile responses to EFS (10...
November 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225014/protective-effects-of-ligustrazine-kakonein-and-panax-notoginsenosides-on-multiple-organs-in-rats-with-severe-acute-pancreatitis
#28
COMPARATIVE STUDY
X P Zhang, C Wang, D J Wu, M L Ma, J M Ou
The aim of this study was to compare the protective effects of three traditional Chinese herbal medicines (ligustrazine, kakonein and Panax notoginsenosides) on multiple organs in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The mortality rates in all three treated groups were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). All three herbal medicines significantly alleviated the pathological changes in the pancreas, liver and kidney in SAP rats, induced pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis and effectively prevented the apoptosis of cells in the liver and kidney; however, no obvious lung protection was observed...
November 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21225013/control-of-urinary-risk-factors-of-stone-formation-by-salvadora-persica-in-experimental-hyperoxaluria
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K Geetha, R Manavalan, D Venkappayya
Urolithiasis, the process of formation of stones in the kidneys and urinary tract, is the major clinical manifestation of hyperoxaluria. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria with increased renal excretion of oxalate, sodium, calcium and phosphate and a decrease in the excretion of magnesium. Supplementation with an aqueous and alcoholic extract of the leaves of Salvadora persica significantly reduced elevated urinary oxalate levels, indicating a regenerative action on endogenous oxalate synthesis...
November 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21132130/gateways-to-clinical-trials
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Tomillero, M A Moral
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21132129/observational-study-of-patients-switched-to-the-fixed-travoprost-0-004-timolol-0-5-combination-in-croatia
#31
MULTICENTER STUDY
Z Mandic, K Novak-Lauš, L Bojic, S Popovic-Suic, V Maricic-Došen, G Pelcic, D Dobutovic, D Biuk, Z Kovacic, J Pavan
The purpose of this study was to assess both the benefits of a 3-month travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5%fixed combination (trav/tim) regimen in comparison with previous medications for the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the tolerability of these drug regimens in glaucoma patients. An observational, non-interventional, open-label study of 406 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension was thus undertaken. One drop of trav/tim fixed combination was administered in the evening for 3 months...
October 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21132128/hemodynamic-effects-of-eating-and-prolonged-supine-position-in-healthy-subjects-studied-under-clinical-pharmacological-test-conditions
#32
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
W Sziegoleit, C Lautenschläger, C Walther, P Presek
The influences of both being in a supine position for a prolonged period and food intake on cardiovascular variables were studied under clinical-pharmacological test conditions. In a randomized crossover design study without drug or placebo administration, 6 healthy male volunteers received a light standard meal before and during test A and fasted in test B. In both tests, while they were continuously supine for more than 8 h, a synchronous recording of cardiovascular variables was done at 24, 26 and 28 min after starting the supine position (first recordings) and 25 times from 2 to 480 min after the first recordings...
October 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21132127/validation-of-the-digital-pressure-application-measurement-pam-device-for-detection-of-primary-mechanical-hyperalgesia-in-rat-and-mouse-antigen-induced-knee-joint-arthritis
#33
COMPARATIVE STUDY
J Leuchtweis, A-K Imhof, F Montechiaro, H-G Schaible, M K Boettger
Several tests have been developed to obtain mechanical nociceptive withdrawal thresholds for arthritis-associated pain research in preclinical animal models, which are routinely used for testing the efficacy of antinociceptive pharmaceutical candidates. Here, we aimed to validate a recently introduced and commercially available digital pressure application measurement (PAM) device for the detection of primary mechanical hyperalgesia in a model of antigen-induced knee joint arthritis (AIA) in rats and mice. Two particular advantages of the PAM device are visual feedback control of the force increase rate and the detection of the complete threshold range...
October 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21132126/dobutamine-induced-spontaneous-rhythmic-contractions-of-human-isolated-atrial-strips-mimic-physiological-responses-of-intact-human-heart
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Yenisehirli, O A Elalmis
We have shown that in isolated human atrial strips the β1-adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine can induce spontaneous, stable and durable rhythmic contractions. The amplitude and frequency of these contractions were regulated endogenously by the tissue. We tested whether the spontaneously contracted atrial strips could be used as an experimental assay model to determine inotropic and chronotropic effects of existing drugs and candidate chemicals directly on human heart muscle. The well-established inotropic and chronotropic effects of the calcium channel blocker (verapamil), the β-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol), the phosphodiesterase inhibitor (theophylline) and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor (ouabain) were tested on spontaneously contracting strips of human atrium...
October 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21132125/a-novel-trpv1-receptor-antagonist-jnj-17203212-attenuates-colonic-hypersensitivity-in-rats
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B J Wiskur, K Tyler, K Campbell-Dittmeyer, S R Chaplan, A D Wickenden, B Greenwood-Van Meerveld
This study examined the efficacy of a novel TRPV1 antagonist, JNJ-17203212, in two experimental rat models that exhibit a hypersensitive visceral motor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). In the first model, intraluminal administration of acetic acid (1% solution) into the distal colon produced an acute colonic hypersensitivity. In the second model, intraluminal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) into the distal colon produced a chronic, post-inflammatory colonic hypersensitivity 30 days post-TNBS administration...
October 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21132124/antidiarrheal-evaluation-of-the-ethanol-extract-of-nauclea-latifolia-root-bark
#36
COMPARATIVE STUDY
O J Owolabi, Z A M Nworgu, K Odushu
Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Nigeria folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The root bark of the plant was extracted with 70% ethanol and the extract screened for antidiarrheal activity by investigating castor oil-induced diarrhea and small intestinal motility in mice. The effects of the extract on isolated rat ileum were also investigated. The extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in the frequency of diarrhea and conferred protection following castor oil administration (P < 0...
October 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21069103/gateways-to-clinical-trials
#37
A Tomillero, M A Moral
Aclidinium bromide, AE-37, Alemtuzumab, AMA1-C1/ISA 720, Amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium, Arachidonic acid, Arbaclofen placarbil, Aripiprazole, ARQ-621, Azelnidipine, Azilsartan medoxomil potassium; Bevacizumab, Biphasic insulin aspart, Bortezomib; Choriogonadotropin alfa, CTS-1027; Dapagliflozin, Dasatinib, Deforolimus, Degarelix acetate, Denufosol tetrasodium, Desvenlafaxine succinate, Dronedarone hydrochloride, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Dutasteride; Enfuvirtide, Entecavir, Etaracizumab, Everolimus, Exenatide, Ezetimibe; Ferric carboxymaltose, Fludarabine, Foretinib; Gefitinib, GFT-505, GSK-256066; HPV-6/11/16/18, HuM195/rGel, HyperAcute-Lung cancer vaccine; I5NP, Imatinib mesylate, Imexon, Insulin detemir, Insulin glargine, Ivabradine hydrochloride; L2G7, Lacosamide, Lapatinib ditosylate, Lenalidomide, Lidocaine/prilocaine, Liposomal vincristine, Liraglutide, Lixivaptan; Meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197 conjugate vaccine, Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin-β, Mirabegron, Morphine/oxycodone, MR Vaccine, MSC-1936369B, Mycophenolic acid sodium salt; Narlaprevir, N-Desmethylclozapine; Ocriplasmin, Olaparib, Olmesartan medoxomil, Olmesartan medoxomil/azelnidipine, ONO-5334, ONO-8539; Palifermin, Panitumumab, Pardoprunox hydrochloride, PCV7, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Pemetrexed disodium, Pexelizumab, PF-337210, Pitavastatin calcium; Raltegravir potassium, Recombinant interleukin-7, Regadenoson, Reniale, Roflumilast, Rosuvastatin calcium; Safinamide mesilate, SB-1518, SCH-527123, Selumetinib, Sipuleucel-T, Solifenacin succinate, Sorafenib, Sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, Talaporfin sodium, Tanespimycin, Technosphere/Insulin, Telaprevir, Telatinib, Telcagepant, Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide, Teriparatide, Testosterone transdermal gel, TH-302, Tiotropium bromide, Tocilizumab, Trabedersen, Tremelimumab; Valsartan/amlodipine besylate, Vernakalant hydrochloride, Visilizumab, Voreloxin, Vorinostat...
September 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21069102/acceptability-and-tolerability-of-levetiracetam-oral-solution-for-the-treatment-of-partial-onset-seizures-the-soluci%C3%A3-n-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Matías-Guíu, A Molins, J A Mauri, E Villar
This cross-sectional, observational study evaluated the use of levetiracetam oral solution in usual clinical practice. Patients ≥ 16 years with partial-onset seizures (had received levetiracetam oral solution for ≥ 28 days) completed a study questionnaire assessing overall acceptability of levetiracetam oral solution, specific organoleptic characteristics (taste, taste intensity, aftertaste), ease of use and convenience. Tolerability was assessed by evaluating adverse events. Of 389 patients, 92.8% (361/389) were evaluable for acceptability, all (389) for tolerability; 65...
September 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21069101/comparison-of-antiemetic-efficacy-between-single-and-repeat-treatment-with-dexamethasone-in-patients-receiving-carboplatin-based-combination-chemotherapy
#39
COMPARATIVE STUDY
H Kawazoe, Y Motoki, Y Takechi, Y Shishino, K Ido, K Suemaru, H Araki
A retrospective study was carried out to compare the preventive effects of single and repeat treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) on delayed nausea and emesis in patients who had received carboplatin (CBDCA)-based combination chemotherapy. Sixty-four patients were evaluated. Efficacy was assessed using the nausea and emesis score, food intake score and the requirement for antiemetic medication. These forward scores were categorized as three-grade during the first 5 days after chemotherapy. Acute nausea and emesis were well controlled in both groups on day 1...
September 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21069100/the-use-of-in-situ-perfusion-of-the-rat-mesentery-as-a-model-to-investigate-vascular-injury-directly-induced-by-drugs
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A D Knapton, J Zhang, F D Sistare, J P Hanig
Exposure of the vasculature to vasodilators, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals may lead to injury of the blood vessel wall in animals. Vascular injury may begin with changes in the permeability of vascular endothelial cell and vessels, resulting in possible hemorrhage and edema leading subsequently to immune cell infiltration. The present study was undertaken to determine if the direct exposure of the Sprague Dawley rat mesenteric vasculature through the perfusion of aminophylline, fenoldopam, compound 48/80, histamine or serotonin has any such effects on the blood vessels, and if the two vital dyes Monastral blue B and Evans blue can be used to enhance the visualization of the vascular damage...
September 2010: Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
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