European Journal of Orthodontics

BACKGROUND: Agenesis of third molar agenesis has a higher incidence than other tooth development anomalies. Previous research identified a potential correlation between third molar agenesis and specific craniofacial morphology; however, no systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic currently exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between third molar agenesis and craniofacial sagittal and vertical morphology...

BACKGROUND: Retention has been always considered a major challenge in orthodontics. Recently computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fixed retainers (FRs) have been introduced as a marked development in retainer technology, offering potential advantages. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the differences in relapse and failure rates in patients treated with FRs using CAD/CAM technology, lab-based technique, and chairside method...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To compare the biomechanical characteristics of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners in conjunction with three types of miniscrew anchorage. MATERIALS/METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners and three types of miniscrew anchorage were established, including (A) control group, (B) direct buccal miniscrew anchorage group, (C) direct palatal miniscrew anchorage group, and (D) indirect buccal miniscrew anchorage group...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the cervical headgear for distalizing first permanent maxillary molars in relation to hours of use. METHODS: This was a one-centre, prospective, clinical study conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Participants (N = 26; 17 females, 9 males) were patients with no history of orthodontic treatment, no syndromes or clefts, and Angle's Class II malocclusion, where the treatment plan included a cervical headgear...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent to which post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs) change in appearance over a period of ≥15 years and whether an association with caries data exists. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients treated with a Herbst-Multibracket appliance at age 14.0 ± 2.7 years for 20.1 ± 5.1 months who attended a recall 18.3 ± 2.9 years post-treatment. Post-treatment (T1) intraoral photographs were assessed by a panel of five dentists using a modified version of the WSL-Index by Gorelick...

OBJECTIVES: Orthodontic retainers should restrict physiological tooth mobility as little as possible. While this has been investigated for multistranded retainers, there is a lack of data for novel CAD/CAM retainers. To address this, the present study compared the restriction of physiological tooth mobility in multistranded retainers and different CAD/CAM retainers. MATERIAL/METHODS: One group of multistranded (n = 8) and five groups of CAD/CAM retainers (nickel-titanium (NiTi), titanium grade 5 (Ti5), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), zirconia (ZrO2), and cobalt-chromium (CoCr); each n = 8) bonded from canine to canine were investigated for their influence on vertical and horizontal tooth mobility using an in vitro model of a lower arch in a universal testing machine...

OBJECTIVES: Three-dimensional (3D)-printed aligners present a promising orthodontic treatment modality, whose clinical success largely depends on the material's mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of resin-made 3D-printed aligners and assess the effect of two different post-curing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty dumbbell-shaped specimens and 40 resin aligners were 3D-printed and divided into four equal groups according to post-curing conditions: presence or absence of oxygen during post-curing and water heat treatment at 85°C for 15 s or none...

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic retainers are widely used to prevent relapses after orthodontic treatment; however, evidence about patients' perceptions of retainers is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess patients' perception of orthodontic retainers. SEARCH METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, LIVIVO, Cochrane Library, and gray literature (Google Scholar) were searched without date or language restrictions. A manual search of the reference lists of the included articles was also performed...

AIM: To identify practices of assessment of gender effects in research articles in orthodontics and detect whether there were significant differences in the treatment effects on outcomes according to gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four major orthodontic journals were sought over a 3-year period to identify publications which included assessment of gender effects on outcomes in their reporting. Data were extracted on the following characteristics: journal, year of publication, region of authorship, and study design...

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To-date, there is no evidence comparing the long-term efficacy of powered and manual toothbrushes in adolescents undergoing fixed appliance treatment. The trial compared the efficacy of manual versus powered toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingival health in patients undergoing fixed treatment in respect of both the short- and long-term. TRIAL DESIGN: This was a randomized, parallel, controlled single-blind clinical trial, undertaken in a hospital setting, for which the consolidated standards of reporting trials guidelines were followed...

BACKGROUND: There are a few hypotheses for the origin of palatally impacted canines (PIC). Nevertheless, the results of different studies are controversial. OBJECTIVE: Considering the evidence available in the literature to determine the skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensions in patients with PIC using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). SEARCH METHODS: This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement...

OBJECTIVE: To assess if the dental follicle volume of palatally impacted canines (PICs) affects the relative root position of the adjacent lateral incisors (LIs) and first premolars (FPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 49 patients with unilaterally PICs with dental follicles who had CBCT imaging previously taken. Four orthodontic centers in different countries provided the sample. A mean difference of 5° between the angular measurements (mesiodistal tip, buccolingual inclination, or mesiodistal rotation) of the LI and FP adjacent to the PIC and the controls was considered clinically relevant...

BACKGROUND: Given the importance that swallowing pattern and tongue posture might have in the aetiology of malocclusion, it appears important to be aware of the physiological changes of tongue function and its posture. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess changes of the swallowing pattern and tongue posture during the transition from the deciduous to mixed dentition and the association between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 57 subjects aged 5...

BACKGROUND: Dental autotransplantation (DAT) is a biological way of replacing missing or compromised teeth for patients. The techniques often necessitate a multi-disciplinary approach. The prognosis and success of the procedure may be impacted by variable factors in varying degrees. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating outcomes and complications of DAT, including prognostic factors using an umbrella review. SEARCH METHODS: Six databases were searched for all relevant systematic reviews published up to 30 June 2022...

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of CAD/CAM transfer trays warrants evaluation of their accuracy as compared to PVS transfer trays. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the accuracy of CAD/CAM and PVS transfer trays, investigating any differences between soft and hard trays CAD/CAM transfer trays. SEARCH METHODS: Eight different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched, without restrictions, up to an end date of February 2023...

BACKGROUND: Studies addressing the periodontal health of the teeth surrounding the bone-grafted cleft in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate disagree on whether periodontal health is compromised. OBJECTIVES: To determine periodontal health differences between the cleft and the non-cleft sides nearly a decade after secondary alveolar bone grafting. METHODS: This prospective, controlled (split-mouth design) study comprised an intraoral apical radiographic and a periodontal examination of 40 consecutive patients from one centre (n = 26 males) who had undergone bone grafting at mean age of 10...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of intraoral aging on the mechanical properties of directly printed aligners (DPA) compared to thermoformed aligners (TA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective in vivo experiment included three types of aligners: DPAs (group DP) fabricated from Tera Harz TC-85 DAC resin (Graphy, Korea), TA (group INV) made from a polyurethane-based polymer (Align Technology, Inc., CA, USA), and TA (group DUR) made from polyethylene glycol terephthalate based polymer (Scheu-Dental, Germany)...

AIM: To evaluate the impact of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) on treatment planning for impacted maxillary canines; secondly, to identify CBCT factors influencing a change in the treatment plan; and thirdly, to assess 2D radiographic factors that can aid in selecting appropriate candidates for CBCT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with impacted maxillary canines and an overlap of a neighboring tooth in 2D radiographs and the suspicion of root resorption were referred for CBCT examination...

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of adolescent obesity has markedly increased from 5.2% in 1974 to 19.7% in 2021. Understanding the impacts of obesity is important to orthodontists, as growth acceleration and greater pre-pubertal facial dimensions are seen in children with elevated body mass index (BMI). METHODS: To identify whether adolescent obesity shifts the timing and rate of craniofacial growth resulting in larger post-treatment dimensions, we evaluated cephalometric outcomes in overweight/obese (BMI > 85%, n = 168) and normal weight (n = 158) adolescents (N = 326 total)...