Leukemia Research

Numerous recent advances have been made in therapeutic approaches toward acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since 2017, we have seen eleven novel Food & Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for AML, all of which extend beyond the classical cytarabine-based cytostatic chemotherapy. In the recent two decades, the role of immune surveillance in AML has been intensively investigated. The power of one's own innate and adaptive immunity has been harnessed pharmacologically toward the goal of clearance of AML cells...

Comorbidities influence the mortality in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, and a growing body of evidence suggest that comorbidity history should be used in addition to established prognostic indices. A comorbidity index specific for MDS, the MDS-CI, was introduced a decade ago. In this study we aim to construct an MDS-CI version based on diagnoses from register data only, to expand its use beyond the clinical setting to retrospective and register based studies. We further test this version on a Swedish population-based MDS cohort of 2947 patients, and compare its prognostic accuracy to that of Charlson Comorbidity Index...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has been historically associated with poor 5-year overall survival rates, especially for aggressive variants. Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy had been a mainstay of therapy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL for many years until the advent of molecularly targeted therapies and cell-based approaches. However, a significant concern is the lack of definitive consensus guidelines for management of R/R MCL. The managerial conundrum partly stems from the absence of head-to-head comparisons of novel therapies, with conclusions drawn from cross-trial comparisons...

AML with CEBPA mutation and AML with in-frame bZIP CEBPA mutations define favorable-risk disease entities in the proposed 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification (WHO-HAEM5) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC), respectively. However, the impact of these new classifications on clinical practice remains unclear. We sought to assess the differences between the ICC and WHO-HAEM5 for AML with CEBPA mutation. 741 AML patients were retrospectively analyzed. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to identify factors predictive of outcome...

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a mature, CD30-positive T-cell lymphoma lacking expression of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). In contrast to ALK-positive ALCL, BIA-ALCL cells express cyclin D2 (CCND2) which controls cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6). DNA methylation and expression analyses performed with cell lines and primary cells suggest that the expression of CCND2 in BIA-ALCL cell lines conforms to the physiological status of differentiated T-cells, and that it is not the consequence of genomic alterations as observed in other hematopoietic tumors...

BACKGROUND: Asciminib is a novel drug specifically targeting ABL myristoyl pocket in the ABL1 protein. METHODS: Forty one patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with asciminib from 2018 to 2022 were reviewed and analyzed for the efficacy and tolerability of asciminib using real-world experience data. RESULTS: The median age was 60 years (range 17-90) with a past history of a cardiovascular event in 21 patients (51%). Patients were pretreated with a median of 3 previous tyrosine kinase inhibitors (range 1-5)...

Data concerning venetoclax and azacitidine (Ven/Aza) as first-line therapy for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (ND-AML) in candidates for intensive chemotherapy are limited, and outpatient induction regimens in ND-AML have been poorly explored. The enzyme CYP3A4 metabolizes Venetoclax. Conversely, itraconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor; thus, it produces a 75 % reduction in the dose and cost of venetoclax. This phase 2 trial assessed the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of outpatient induction with venetoclax 100 mg daily from days 1-21, itraconazole 100 mg twice daily from days 1-21, and azacytidine 100 mg subcutaneously, once daily from days 1-7...

Following the recent publication of Canadian evidence-based guidelines for frontline treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the same group of clinicians developed guidelines for CLL in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting. The treatment of R/R CLL has changed significantly in the past few years, with many novel therapeutics available to hematologists across the country. These guidelines aim to standardize the management of CLL in the relapsed/refractory setting, using the best evidence currently available...

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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this report is to enhance our scientific understanding of the clinicopathologic features of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with the e12a3 transcript and to provide insights into potential treatment options for this rare subtype of CML. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 21-year-old Chinese male patient who was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with the e12a3 transcript. Biopsy of his left iliac soft tissue mass indicated that he was in the blast crisis phase of CML...

The optimal bridge strategy at the decision for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is unclear. We performed a prospective observational study in which 110 patients with MDS who were decided to undergo HSCT were enrolled. Among these 110 patients, 77 patients were enrolled in this study within 1 month from the decision for HSCT. Among these 77 patients, 13 patients had a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling, 54 patients started an unrelated donor search, and the other 10 patients directly selected cord blood (CB) at the decision for HSCT, and 13 (100%), 38 (70...

Venetoclax (VEN) in combination with intensive chemotherapy (IC) is increasingly used to treat patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted a systematic review to assess the safety and efficacy outcomes of FLAG-IDA in combination with VEN. The primary safety outcome was infection rate; the primary efficacy outcome was response to treatment (composite complete remission (CRc) and overall response rate (ORR). Risk of bias was assessed according to the ROBINS-I tool. Six studies including 221 patients with newly-diagnosed (ND AML (n = 120)) and R/R AML (n = 101) disease, were included in this systematic review...

PURPOSE: Despite the general recommendation to avoid Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) during pregnancy, unplanned pregnancies still occur, particularly among female patients residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to investigate the outcomes of pregnancy, foetal development, and disease progression among female CML patients in chronic phase (CML-CP) undergoing TKI therapy who encountered unplanned pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital in northern India...

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Secondary immunodeficiency (SID) can occur as a result of multiple factors, including hematological malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), immunosuppressive treatment, biologics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. SID includes disorders resulting from impairment of both cellular and humoral immunity. This review focuses on the current risk factors, implications, and challenges in managing SID patients with impaired humoral immunity, which includes quantitative (hypogammaglobulinemia) and/or functional antibody and B-cell deficiencies specifically related to hematological malignancies and post-HSCT...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may have contrasting impacts on the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Priming normal MSCs, by culturing them with MM cells, mimics the MSC-induced MM growth. We studied the contrasting effects of conditioned medium (CM) from unprimed or primed MSCs on growth of MM cells from newly diagnosed cases. We elucidated potential molecular pathways using global gene expression profiling and focused on the role of the mTOR2 component, RICTOR, as a novel mediator of dormancy in MM...