journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441323/insights-into-the-metabolism-of-ch-piata-a-novel-synthetic-cannabinoid-featuring-an-acetamide-linker
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annette Zschiesche, Martin Scheu, Detlef Thieme, Annekathrin M Keiler, Benedikt Pulver, Laura M Huppertz, Volker Auwärter
The recent change from the popular carboxamide to an acetamide (ATA) linker scaffold in synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) can be interpreted as an attempt to circumvent legal regulations, setting new analytical challenges. Metabolites of N-cyclohexyl-2-(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetamide: CH-PIATA, the second ATA type SCRA detected in the EU, were investigated in urine and serum samples by LC-HRMS-MS and LC-MS-MS. Two different in vitro models: a pHLM assay and HepG2-cells as well as an in silico prediction by GLORYx freeware assisted in metabolite formation/identification...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441245/simultaneous-analysis-of-acyclovir-and-its-metabolite-using-hydrophilic-interaction-liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saki Takeda, Satoshi Ueno, Rie Zenda, Kazuya Muto, Ken Iseki, Kazuki Harada
The antiviral drug acyclovir (ACV) may induce drug-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms as side effects. The detailed pathogenic mechanism remains unclear; however, it is hypothesized that 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine (CMMG), a metabolite of ACV, is the causative compound. Therefore, the blood concentrations of ACV and CMMG should be analyzed in ACV toxicity studies. However, it is rare to find methods that can sufficiently separate the ACV and CMMG peaks during simultaneous analysis of both compounds. Therefore, we intended to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method with improved peak separation of analytes...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502107/false-positive-mda-findings-in-hrms-based-screening-of-putrefied-postmortem-blood-samples-identification-of-the-interference-as-n-acetyltyramine
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Viviane C Stammer, Dirk K Wissenbach, Frank T Peters
An unidentified compound in putrefied postmortem blood samples showed identical accurate mass and chromatographic behavior as 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and led to false-positive preliminary screening results. The aim of the study was to identify this unknown interference. Postmortem blood samples were analyzed after protein precipitation on a QExactive Focus high-resolution mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, Germany) coupled to a RP C18 column (Macherey-Nagel, Germany). Based on the analysis of mass spectrometry (MS) adducts and isotope ratios using fullscan (m/z 134-330) information, the empiric formula of the protonated molecule [M + H]+ of the unknown compound was found to be C10H14O2N (+ 0...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502105/green-analytical-toxicology-procedure-for-determination-of-ketamine-its-metabolites-and-analogues-in-oral-fluid-samples-using-dispersive-liquid-liquid-microextraction-dllme
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juliana Ribeiro Ibiapina Leitão Oliveira, Leonardo Costalonga Rodrigues, Júlia Martinelli Magalhães Kahl, Débora Zorrón Berlinck, Jose Luiz Costa
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are often synthesized via small changes in the molecular structure, producing drugs whose effect and potency are not yet fully known. Ketamine is one of the oldest NPS, with therapeutic use in human and veterinary medicine authorized in several countries, being metabolized mainly into norketamine and 6-hydroxy-norketamine. Furthermore, two structural analogues of ketamine have recently been identified, deschloroketamine and 2-fluorodeschloroketamine, marketed as drugs of abuse...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456706/evaluating-cross-reactivity-of-new-psychoactive-substances-nps-in-human-whole-blood-by-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay-elisa
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grace Cieri, Amanda L A Mohr, Rebecca Mastrovito, Barry K Logan
Due to the increase in the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and their overall prevalence, it is important to have effective and reliable screening technologies to detect NPS in biological matrices. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are among the most popular screening methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of ELISA for NPS detection, five subclasses of NPS (novel synthetic opioids, fentanyl analogs, stimulants, benzodiazepines and hallucinogens) were evaluated in whole blood for their cross-reactivity on commercially available ELISA kits...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491987/%C3%AE-pyrrolidinohexanophenone-%C3%AE-php-vs-%C3%AE-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone-%C3%AE-pihp-a-toxicological-investigation-about-plasma-concentrations-and-behavior-in-forensic-routine-cases
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabel Brueckner, Jessica Welter-Luedeke, Anna Zangl, Matthias Graw, Liane D Paul
New psychoactive substances (NPS), like pyrrolidinophenones, are still very present on the illegal drug market. The presented study reports on two members of this substance group, α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) and α-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PiHP), which occurred in forensic routine cases in the last 6 years. α-PHP could be detected predominantly by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method in 33 authentic human plasma samples and α-PiHP in 8...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491986/atypical-postmortem-redistribution-in-chronic-methadone-consumers
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Béatrice Garneau, Cynthia Roy, Julie Motard, Brigitte Desharnais, Corinne Bouchard, Pascal Mireault
Available literature demonstrates that methadone is prone to moderate postmortem redistribution, but subject to high interindividual variability in the central to peripheral blood concentration ratios (C/P). In this case series, 10 cases of chronic methadone users displaying C/P < 1 (range 0.26-0.82) are described. Femoral, cardiac and ante-mortem blood concentrations of methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) are reported for all cases, as well as sex, age, case history, results of the pathological investigation, other toxicological findings and cause and manner of death...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407283/distribution-of-quetiapine-between-serum-and-whole-blood-in-therapeutic-drug-monitoring-specimens
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Håvard Breivik, Mette Elise Tunset, Morten Brix Schou, Joachim Frost
Quetiapine use is on the rise, leading to a corresponding increase in acute intoxications, some of which have fatal outcomes. When assessing whole blood quetiapine concentrations during forensic autopsies, interpretations are primarily based on toxicity data from studies of serum concentrations. To our knowledge, there are only two previous studies that have attempted to establish the ratio between whole blood and serum quetiapine concentrations, with limited populations and high variability of results. Paired specimens of whole blood and serum from 16 quetiapine users recruited from the Psychiatric Clinic, St...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407251/analysis-of-home-made-cannabis-edibles-by-uhplc-hrms-after-standard-addition-method
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thiebot P, Magny R, Langrand J, Dufayet L, Houze P, Labat L
With recent evolution of cannabis legalization around the world, cannabis edibles are booming, and determining their concentration in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the regulated psychoactive substance, remains a challenge for toxicology laboratories, which must prove the legal status or not of the product. Cannabinoids are a large family of structurally similar and lipophilic molecules, requiring dedicated pre-analytical methods, as well as efficient chromatographic separation to differentiate cannabinoid isomers which are distinguished by their psychoactive properties and their legal status...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459917/analysis-of-over-250-novel-synthetic-opioids-and-xylazine-by-lc-ms-ms-in-blood-and-urine
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katie Diekhans, Jihau Yu, Megan Farley, Luke N Rodda
Novel Synthetic Opioids (NSO) are frequently found in postmortem (PM) and human performance (HP) forensic toxicology casework, resulting in impairment and fatal overdoses. Developing a broad NSO method benefits public health, as it can be used to identify trends in potent opioid use to develop risk management programs. This project aimed to design a comprehensive, rapid and routine method for the selective analysis of over 250 novel synthetic opioids in blood and urine. This method rapidly extracted 150 µL of blood or urine via protein precipitation followed by size-exclusion filtration, evaporation and reconstitution...
February 23, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459915/identification-of-clobromazolam-in-australian-emergency-department-intoxications-using-data-independent-high-resolution-mass-spectrometry-and-the-highresnps-com-database
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jared W Castle, Rebekka Syrjanen, Matthew Di Rago, Jennifer L Schumann, Shaun L Greene, Linda L Glowacki, Dimitri Gerostamoulos
The proliferation of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) continues to challenge toxicology laboratories. In particular, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime considers designer benzodiazepines to be a current primary threat among all NPSs. Herein, we report detection of a new emerging designer benzodiazepine, clobromazolam, using high-resolution mass spectrometry and untargeted data acquisition in combination with a "suspect screening" method built from the crowd-sourced HighResNPS.com database. Our laboratory first detected clobromazolam in emergency department presenting intoxications included within the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia-Victoria project in the state of Victoria, Australia, from April 2022 to March 2023...
February 23, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38437879/determination-of-fentanyl-contamination-on-united-states-paper-currency-by-lc-qqq-ms
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew P Hewes, Donna M Papsun, Barry K Logan, Alex J Krotulski
Previous research has evaluated the extent to which cocaine and other drugs were detectable on currency in the USA. The literature was in agreement that the majority of bills exhibited some degree of contamination. With the increase of fentanyl in the illicit drug supply, this study was designed to evaluate the extent that fentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine and other substances were present on circulating currency in 2022. A quantitative assay using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed and validated to detect six analytes: fentanyl, 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine, acetylfentanyl, benzylfentanyl, cocaine and methamphetamine...
February 23, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334697/dubowski-s-stages-of-alcohol-influence-and-clinical-signs-and-symptoms-of-drunkenness-in-relation-to-a-person-s-blood-alcohol-concentration-historical-background
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alan Wayne Jones
This article traces the origin of various charts and tables delineating the stages of alcohol influence in relation to the clinical signs and symptoms of drunkenness and a person's blood-alcohol concentration (BAC). In forensic science and legal medicine, the most widely used such table was created by Professor Kurt M. Dubowski (University of Oklahoma). The first version of the Dubowski alcohol table was published in 1957, and minor modifications appeared in various articles and book chapters until the final version was published in 2012...
February 9, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334750/potential-exhaled-breath-biomarkers-identified-in-chlorine-exposed-mice
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sofia Jonasson, Roger Magnusson, Håkan Wingfors, Åsa Gustafsson, Gregory Rankin, Linda Elfsmark, Lina Mörén
Exhaled breath (EB) contains various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can indicate specific biological or pathological processes in the body. Analytical techniques like gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) can be used to detect and measure these exhaled biomarkers. In this study, the objective was to develop a non-invasive method of EB sampling in awake animals, as well as to analyze EB for volatile biomarkers specific for chlorine exposure and/or diagnostic biomarkers for chlorine-induced acute lung injury (ALI)...
February 8, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334744/a-validated-dilute-and-shoot-lc-ms-ms-urine-screening-for-the-analysis-of-95-illicit-drugs-and-medicines-insights-from-clinical-and-forensic-brazilian-cases
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bruno Pereira Dos Santos, Letícia Birk, Patrícia Schwarz, Viviane Cristina Sebben, Ângela Malysz Sgaravatti, Giovanna Cristiano de Gouveia, Adriana Ubirajara Silva Petry, Francisco Paz de Menezes, Alexsandro Pinto Gonzaga, Paula Flores Schlickmann, Marcelo Dutra Arbo, Tiago Franco de Oliveira, Sarah Eller
Urine toxicological analysis is a relevant tool in both clinical and forensic scenarios, enabling the diagnosis of acute poisonings, elucidation of deaths, verification of substance use in the workplace, and identification of drug-facilitated crimes. For these analyses, the dilute-and-shoot technique associated with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) is a promising alternative since it has demonstrated satisfactory results and broad applicability. This study developed and validated a comprehensive LC-MS-MS screening method to analyze 95 illicit drugs and medicines in urine samples and application to clinical and forensic Brazilian cases...
February 8, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38343275/evaluation-of-the-canadian-approved-drug-screening-equipment-cut-off-levels-for-tetrahydrocannabinol-thc
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Heather Copley, Angela Filbert, Kali Williams
In 2018, Canada introduced roadside oral fluid (OF) screening devices, called Approved Drug Screening Equipment (ADSE), as an investigative tool in impaired driving investigations to detect tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cocaine and/or methamphetamine in drivers. In this work, we compare the detection and concentration of THC in blood samples collected from suspected impaired drivers that tested positive at the roadside for THC on an ADSE. The two ADSEs that were utilized were the Dräger DrugTest® 5000 (DDT) and the Abbott SoToxa™ (SoToxa) both configured with a THC OF concentration cut-off concentration of 25 ng/mL...
February 7, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38300512/fentanyl-as-a-marker-of-illicit-drug-use-in-morphine-positive-urine-specimens-from-workplace-drug-testing
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Svante Vikingsson, Ruth E Winecker, David J Kuntz, Michael Clark, Martin Jacques, E Dale Hart, Eugene D Hayes, Ronald R Flegel, Lisa S Davis
Total morphine is an important urinary marker of heroin use but can also be present from prescriptions or poppy seed ingestion. In specimens with morphine concentrations consistent with poppy seed ingestion (<4,000 ng/mL), 6-acetylmorphine has served as an important marker of illicit drug use. However, as illicit fentanyl has become increasingly prevalent as a contaminant in the drug supply, fentanyl might be an alternative marker of illicit opioid use instead of or in combination with 6-acetylmorphine. The aim of this study was to quantify opiates, 6-acetylmorphine, fentanyl, and fentanyl analogs in 504 morphine-positive (immunoassay 2,000 ng/mL cutoff) urine specimens from workplace drug testing...
February 1, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38287693/screening-and-confirmation-of-psilocin-mitragynine-phencyclidine-ketamine-and-ketamine-metabolites-by-liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madeleine E Wood, Glenna J Brown, Erin L Karschner, Joshua Z Seither, Jordan T Brown, Jessica L Knittel, Jeffrey P Walterscheid
A safe and productive workplace requires a sober workforce, free from substances that impair judgment and concentration. Although drug monitoring programs already exist, the scope and loopholes of standard workplace testing panels are well-known, allowing other substances to remain a source of risk. Therefore, a high-throughput urine screening method for psilocin, mitragynine, phencyclidine, ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine was developed and validated in conjunction with a urine and blood confirmation method...
January 27, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38217086/pharmacokinetics-and-pharmacodynamics-of-five-distinct-commercially-available-hemp-derived-topical-cannabidiol-cbd-products
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Austin Zamarripa, Hayleigh E Tilton, Spencer Lin, Edward J Cone, Ruth E Winecker, Ronald R Flegel, David Kuntz, Melissa Beals, Martin Jaques, Michael Clark, Eric R Welsh, Lynn Wagner, Marcel O Bonn-Miller, Ryan Vandrey, Tory R Spindle
Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) have proliferated after the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp (cannabis with ≤0.3% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ9-THC). CBD-containing topical products have surged in popularity but controlled clinical studies on them are limited. This study characterized the effects of five commercially available hemp-derived high CBD/low Δ9-THC topical products. Healthy adults (N=46) received one of six study drugs: a CBD-containing cream (N =8), lotion (N =8), patch (N =7), balm (N=8), gel (N =6), or placebo (N=9; matched to an active formulation)...
January 11, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38175940/a-fast-and-reliable-lc-ms-ms-method-for-the-quantification-of-saxitoxin-in-blood-plasma-samples
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Klára Odehnalová, Petra Přibilová, Blahoslav Maršálek, Pavel Babica
Saxitoxins (STXs) are potent neurotoxins produced by marine dinoflagellates or freshwater cyanobacteria, known to cause acute and eventually fatal human intoxications, which are classified as Paralytic Shellfish Poisonings (PSPs). Rapid analysis of STXs in blood plasma can be used for a timely diagnosis and confirmation of PSPs. We developed a fast and simple method of STX extraction based on plasma sample acidification and precipitation by acetonitrile, followed by quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)...
January 4, 2024: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
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