Current Problems in Cancer

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the relationship between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and the overall prognosis of patients with late-stage lung adenocarcinoma who harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and are undergoing first-line treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). METHODS: A cohort comprising 52 patients with late-stage lung adenocarcinoma, who received treatment at Jinzhou Central Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022, were carefully selected...

Genetic testing is an integral part of the workup of metastatic prostate cancer, in part, because the results can have a profound impact on the subsequent management of this disease. There are now several Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapeutics available for patients with prostate cancer and certain genetic abnormalities - most notably, mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways such mismatch repair (MMR) and homologous recombination repair (HRR). In this review of the current literature, we discuss the indications for somatic and germline testing, the genetic changes of particular clinical relevance, the associated therapeutic options, and the clinical data supporting their use...

OBJECTIVE: DNA repair genes and their variants have been found to alter the risk of oral cancer. METHOD: The level of expression of XRCC3, NBS1, and OGG1 genes among 20 cases of oral cancer, 6 pre-oral cancer, and 50 healthy control subjects was measured with RT-PCR. All the subjects were also genotyped for XRCC3 rs861539 C>T, NBS1 rs1805794 C>G, and OGG1 rs1052133 C>G polymorphisms by the PCR-RFLP method; their genotypes were correlated with their level of expression...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between clinical pathological characteristics, pretreatment CT radiomics, and major pathologic response (MPR) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, and to establish a combined model to predict the major pathologic response of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. METHODS: A retrospective study of 211 patients with NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and surgical treatment from January 2019 to April 2021 was conducted...

INTRODUCTION: There are multiple neoadjuvant regimens, including platinum agents for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), each with a different safety profile, outcome, and pathologic complete response rate (pCR%). We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of different platinum-based neoadjuvant CT treatments for TNBC. METHODS: Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to October 31, 2022...

BACKGROUND: A solitary plasmacytoma is classified into a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone (SBP) and a solitary extramedullary (soft tissue mass) plasmacytoma, based on the site of the lesion. Despite the high local control rate with radiotherapy, approximately half of patients' conditions progress to multiple myeloma (MM) within 3-5 years after diagnosis, with SBP having a worse prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the treatment and outcomes of patients with SBP in a hospital in China from 2008 to 2021...

OBJECTIVE: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are characterized by atypical epithelial proliferation without stromal invasion and majority are diagnosed in women of reproductive age group desirous of fertility preservation. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with BOT and on regular follow up at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, during a nine-year study period from March 2014 to March 2023 was performed. Surgical treatment was classified as radical or fertility sparing surgery (FSS)...

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BACKGROUND: This retrospective longitudinal study compared the effectiveness of dexamethasone+lenalidomide (Rd)-based triplet regimens containing proteasome inhibitors (PIs) ixazomib (IRd), carfilzomib (KRd), and bortezomib (VRd) or monoclonal antibodies (MABs) elotuzumab (ERd) and daratumumab (DRd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)-including those with high cytogenetic risk-primarily treated at community oncology clinics in the United States. METHODS: Electronic health records of adult RRMM patients in a deidentified real-world database (01/01/2014-09/30/2020) who initiated IRd, KRd, VRd, ERd, or DRd in the second or later line of therapy (LOT) were analyzed...

PURPOSE: Selinexor is a first-in-class, oral selective-inhibitor-of-nuclear-export, granted accelerated approval by FDA (2019) for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We sought to quantitatively summarize the selinexor efficacy and safety in RRMM. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, clinicaltrial.gov, and google scholar, until May 2023, studies about selinexor use in RRMM. The outcome measures of interest were primarily efficacy outcomes, in addition to safety outcomes...

Rearranged during transfection (RET) alterations, which lead to aberrant activation of the RET proto-oncogene, have been identified in various cancers. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), RET mutations often manifest as RET fusion genes and are observed in 1-2 % of patients with NSCLC. In recent years, selective RET inhibitors such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020, have been part of the revolutionary changes in the treatment landscape for non-small cell lung cancer...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the postoperative prognosis in patients with early-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in association with the preoperative blood markers and clinicopathological characteristics and to develop nomograms for individual risk prediction. METHODS: The clinical data of 353 patients with confirmed early-stage LSCC between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively retrieved from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University...

BACKGROUND: Due to the paucity of reliable data to determine the components of family-based comprehensive care for cancer in India, we explored the familial implications of gynaecological and breast cancer diagnosis and treatment through a mixed-method study. METHODS: The mixed method study included 130 women aged above 18 with a confirmed diagnosis of gynaecological or breast cancer recruited from three selected tertiary hospitals in Kerala, India. Information on quality of life (36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)), psychological distress (distress thermometer), and the familial, interpersonal, social, and community impacts of cancer (semi-structured interview guide) were elicited...

Skin cancer, including the highly lethal malignant melanoma, poses a significant global health challenge with a rising incidence rate. Early detection plays a pivotal role in improving survival rates. This study aims to develop an advanced deep learning-based approach for accurate skin lesion classification, addressing challenges such as limited data availability, class imbalance, and noise. Modern deep neural network designs, such as ResNeXt101, SeResNeXt101, ResNet152V2, DenseNet201, GoogLeNet, and Xception, which are used in the study and ze optimised using the SGD technique...

Precision medicine has helped identify several tumor molecular aberrations to be treated with targeted therapies. These therapies showed substantial improvement in efficacy without excessive toxicity in patients with specific oncogenic drivers with advanced cancers. In metastatic lung cancers, the implementation of broad platforms for molecular tumor sequencing has helped oncology providers identify oncogenic drivers linked with better outcomes when treated upfront with targeted therapies. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) alterations are present in up to 60% of non-small cell lung cancer and are associated with a poor prognosis...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MEK) pathway modulates tumor cell survival and proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unlike RAS or EGFR, activating mutations in MEK are exceedingly rare in NSCLC. Instead, enhanced activation of the MEK pathway is often linked to increased signaling by upstream oncogenic driver mutations. Thus far, MEK inhibitor monotherapy has shown little promise. However, treatment strategies involving MEK inhibition in combination with other targeted therapies in other oncogene-driven NSCLC has proven to be encouraging...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are frequently implicated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Though these typically involve exon 19 in-frame deletions or L858R mutations in exon 21, uncommon EGFR mutations comprise 10-15 % of all EGFR mutations. These most frequently include G719X mutations in exon 18, L861Q mutations in exon 21, S768I mutations in exon 20, and in-frame insertions and/or duplications in exon 20. It is crucial to understand these distinct variants and their specific responses to active treatment options to optimize care...

In Southeast Asia, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This systematic review and meta-analysis, encompassing 27 observational cohort studies with a minimum one-year follow-up period, aimed to examine temporal trends in breast cancer survival rates. Among the subset of five out of eleven Southeast Asian nations with available data, our analysis revealed pooled survival rates of 88.8 % at 1 year, 73.8 % at 3 years, 70.8 % at 5 years, and 49...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic value of the peripheral blood lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) combined with 18 F-FDG PET/CT for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: The clinical data of 203 patients with primary DLBCL who were hospitalized to the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang between January 2017 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Before and after three courses of treatment, PET/CT was performed on forty DLBCL patients. The subject operating characteristic (ROC) curve has been employed to determine the most effective LMR cutoff points...

Currently, several options are available for the prevention and treatment of cancers; however, many limitations remain with these approaches. Recently, antioxidants have become important preventive and therapeutic alternatives with few adverse events and minimum cost. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring component that performs an anticancer function by reducing oxidative stress. CoQ10 supplementation as an adjuvant therapy offers more progress in the elimination and development of cancers. This review aimed to critically assess and summarize the implication of CoQ10 in cancers, highlighting possible mechanisms, and future directions of research for the standardization of the current regimen for cancer prevention and treatment...