Indian Journal of Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences

Isolated pleural effusion is a rare presentation of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following ovulation induction therapy. We hereby report the case of a 24-year-old female who presented with unilateral moderate pleural effusion following ovulation induction therapy. Therapeutic thoracentesis was performed to relieve the breathlessness in this case.

Urinothorax is defined as the presence of urine in the pleural cavity. Leakage from the urinary tract can cause urinoma with retroperitoneal urine collection, and secondarily, urinothorax. We report the case of a 35-year-old female who presented with dyspnoea and right-sided chest pain. Chest radiograph revealed a right-sided pleural effusion. The patient had undergone left-sided ovarian cystectomy three months ago, had sustained a left-sided ureteric injury that required ureteric stent placement. Urinothorax was suspected as a consequence of ureteric injury; pleural fluid to serum creatinine ratio was found to be greater than one, confirming the diagnosis...

Lipoid pneumonia is a rare form of pneumonia caused by inhalation or aspiration of fat containing substances. It can present acutely or more commonly presents as an insidious onset chronic respiratory illness. It requires a high degree of suspicion with great emphasis on history. It can mimic tuberculosis, malignancy or interstitial lung disease. We report the case of a 31-year-old male with a history of sniffing hydrogenated oil, presenting with a non-resolving pneumonia.

We report the case of a 28-year-old resident doctor with no past history of having taken rifampicin, who presented with thrombocytoapaenic purpura occurring after the initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for tubercular lymphadenopathy.

A 79-year-old man presented with fever of unknown origin with interstitial shadows in the bilateral lung fields. A bronchoscopic examination did not indicate any malignancy or specific interstitial disease. After the bronchoscopic examination, the patient gradually developed subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. As the subcutaneous emphysema and mediastinal emphysema were mild, the patient was not administered any specific treatment. However, he eventually developed severe subcutaneous emphysema and mediastinal emphysema, and did not show any transient improvement...

A case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis developing in a patient with chronic dust exposure and hepatitis-C infection is reported. He was managed with modified bronchoalveolar lavage and granulocyte-monophase-colony stimulating factor.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a predisposing factor for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Conversely, OSA increases the risk of developing hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Whether the presence of metabolic syndrome increases the risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) independent of obesity remains unclear. METHODS: Consecutive 25 non-obese and 25 obese adult patients with metabolic syndrome and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score 10 underwent full night attended polysomnography...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common infections in the world, especially in developing countries like India. Therefore, early diagnosis is important. This study was undertaken to compare the yield of sputum, induction with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in smear-negative suspected pulmonary TB patients in a tertiary care hospital in Agra. METHODS: Fifty patients were included in the study. In all patients, induced sputum, fibreoptic bronchoscopy and BAL fluid were subjected to diagnostic testing...

BACKGROUND: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is emerging as an important non- invasive investigation in benign pulmonary conditions too. The aim of this study was to investigate its utility in the diagnosis and monitoring of various benign pulmonary diseases. METHODS: In this prospective observational hospital-based study 50 consecutive patients (26 males) with benign lung diseases underwent computed tomography of chest followed by FDG-PET at baseline and after treatment where appropriate...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary dysfunction after open heart surgery is an important cause of post-operative morbidity. To evaluate effect of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery on pulmonary functions and arterial blood gases (ABGs). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at a pulmonary unit of a tertiary care public hospital. Of the 50, patients enrolled, 42 patients completed the study. Spirometry was performed one week pre-operatively and within four to five weeks post-operatively...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Airway-centered interstitial fibrosis (ACIF) is described as one of the interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with rare histologic patterns. It is characterised by predominant airway involvement with centrilobular fibrosis, peribronchiolar metaplasia and bronchiolocentric inflammatory changes. We report the case of a female who presented with pneumothorax and central diabetes insipidus, diagnosed as ACIF on lung biopsy.

case of a patient with reported spinal tuberculosis (TB) that developed syringomyelia, a rare sequelae of the disease is presented in this report. He underwent syringo-pleural shunting for syringomyelia. After 15 years, the patient presented with recurrent pleural effusion. Diagnostic thoracentesis revealed fluid of transudative nature. Pleural fluid was positive for beta-2 transferrin. Pleural biopsy was negative for any malignancy or TB. Computed tomography scan focusing on the shunt showed that it was undisplaced...

Chylothorax following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a very rare complication and its management is debatable. Opinions vary from early aggressive management to prolonged conservative treatment. We describe two cases of post-operative chylothorax following CABG and its management with intravenous octreotide.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent disease in developing countries where there is poor sanitation, over-crowding and malnutrition. It can affect various organ systems in our body including the central nervous system, respiratory, genito-urinary tract and bone, though respiratory involvement is by far the commonest. Though diagnostic modalities for TB are well defined, empirical therapy without a confirmed diagnosis continues to be used in specific clinical situations. We report two cases with suspected TB who served empirical treatment...

Exposure to cigarette smoke is by far the most common causative factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Occupational exposure to fumes, chemicals, dusts and environmental pollution is also an important cause of chronic productive cough. Emphysema developing as a consequence of an occupational exposure is extremely rare. We describe the rare occurrence of severe emphysema in a non-smoker male who had worked for nearly three decades in nickel electroplating industry.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Pulmonary vasculitis is an uncommon disease. Patients present with unexplained haemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrates and constitutional symptoms. Pulmonary vasculitis often goes undiagnosed due to lack of awareness and the disease is often mis-diagnosed as tuberculosis in India. Delayed or missed diagnosis leads to disease progression to a catastrophic event like diffuse alveolar haemorrhage which carries a high mortality. The outcome of appropriately treated cases, on the contrary, is good with excellent long-term survival...

Objective. To determine the effect of levocetirizine, montelukast and the combination of both the drugs on symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Methods. Seventy-five patients with allergic rhinitis were randomly studied prospectively for a period of two weeks divided into three groups receiving either levocetrizine or montelukast or combination of both. The outcomes were measured by a visual analogue score for nasal and eye symptom during day-time and night-time. Results. All the three regimens were equally effective in improving the day-time symptoms, like sneezing and rhinorrhea...

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease with serious impact on quality of life (QoL). There are limited studies available supporting coexistence of sino-nasal involvement in COPD. Methods. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate sino-nasal status in patients with COPD (n=100) presenting to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur from July 2011 to October 2012. COPD was diagnosed based on the Global initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines...