Neuroscience Letters

Studies have indicated that neuronal mitochondrial injury may be involved in the brain injury caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Syntaphilin (SNPH) is associated with mitochondrial anchoring and Armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 1 (Armcx1) is linked to mitochondrial transport. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of SNPH and Armcx1 to the neuronal damage resulting from ICH. Primary cultured neuron cells were exposed to oxygenated hemoglobin to replicate the effects of ICH stimulation, while a mouse model of ICH was established by injecting autoblood into the basal ganglia...

Physical exercise is beneficial for preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline through several mechanisms, including suppression of neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Despite these exercise-induced benefits in AD pathology, less attention has been paid to the importance of maintaining exercise and the consequences of detraining. This study aimed to investigate the effects of early exercise intervention and detraining on age-related cognitive decline and its protective mechanisms using senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8)...

The present work evaluated the consequences of chronic maternal separation (MS), an animal model of early-life stress, on ethanol intake and striatal Fos expression induced by ethanol consumption. Furthermore, we analyzed MS impacts on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and on locomotor and plasma corticosterone responses to intraperitoneal treatment with ethanol in adolescent mice. For that, male and female C57BL/6J mice were submitted or not to MS stress, for 3h per day, from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 14, and submitted to behavioral tests from PND 28...

Recent research suggests that confidence judgments relate to the quality of early sensory representations and later modality independent processing stages. It is not known whether the nature of this finding might vary based on task and/or stimulus characteristics (e.g., detection vs. categorization). The present study investigated the neural correlates of confidence using electroencephalography (EEG) in an auditory categorization task. This allowed us to examine whether the early event-related potentials (ERPs) related to confidence in detection also apply to a more complex auditory task...

This study aimed to clarify the changes in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (ICF) in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (iM1) when the task difficulty during unilateral force-matching tasks was manipulated. Twelve young male adults matched their left index finger abduction force to a displayed target force. Task difficulty was manipulated by varying the acceptable force range of the mean target force (5% MVC). Briefly, unilateral force-matching tasks with lesser and greater task difficulty (EASY and DIFF, respectively) were assigned acceptable force ranges of ± 7% and ± 0% of the target force, respectively...

Caffeic acid is a polyphenolic compound present in a vast array of dietary components. We previously showed that caffeic acid reduces the burden of brain ischemia joining evidence by others that it can attenuate different brain diseases. However, it is unknown if caffeic acid affects information processing in neuronal networks. Thus, we now used electrophysiological recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to test if caffeic acid directly affected synaptic transmission, plasticity and dysfunction caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro ischemia model...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Adiponectin is a member of the adipokine family and contributes to regulating energy homeostasis, reproduction, and various biological functions, such as insulin receptor signaling pathway sensitivity, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, neurogenesis, and suppression of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of adiponectin and its interaction with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GABAergic systems on central appetite regulation in neonatal layer-type chickens...

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial malignant tumors. Some of these patients exhibit previously clinically undetected neurological deficits after sedation. The absence of neurophysiological evidence for this phenomenon limits the use of time-sensitive monitoring methods. The study aims to compare differences between glioma patients under sedation and those without intracranial lesions by comparing their EEG features. Twenty-one patients without intracranial tumors and 21 with frontal lobe supratentorial gliomas were enrolled...

Two subtypes of alpha (α)subunits , α1and α2, belonging to AP-2 complex have been described in the central nervous system (CNS). The specific role of each subtype is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the expression and interaction with cell membranes of both subtypes in the postnatal developing cerebral cortex and cerebellum in two rat strains that display distinct developmental features. We observed that α2 displays higher variations than α1 during development, and at lesser extent in the rats with delayed rate of development...

The cholinergic transmission in the medial septum and ventral limb of the diagonal band of broca (MS/VDB)-hippocampal circuit and its associated theta oscillations play a crucial role in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-related cognitive impairment. However, the contribution and mechanism of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a vital protein that regulates acetylcholine (ACh) release, in CCH-related cognitive impairment are not well understood. To investigate this, we established a rat model of CCH by performing 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) and overexpressed VAChT in the MS/VDB via stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Cerebellar dysfunction is implicated in impaired motor coordination and balance, thus disturbing the dynamics of sensorimotor integration. Neuroinflammation and aging could be prominent contributors to cerebellar aberration. Additionally, changes in mitochondrial dynamics may precede microglia activation in several chronic neurodegenerative diseases; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.Here using LPS (1 mg/kg i.p. for four consecutive days) stimulation in both young (3 months old) and aged (12 months old) mice, followed by molecular analysis on the 21st day, we have explored the correlation between aging and mitochondrial dynamic alteration in the backdrop of chronic neuroinflammation...

Human societies benefit from social norms that increase cooperation and support social order. Hence, the understanding of effective mechanisms enforcing norms is crucial. One of such mechanisms is "third-party punishment" (TPP) - a form of social punishment that could be delivered by a third-party, not directly affected by the actions of the norm violator. Previous electrophysiological studies (ERP) reported that perceived violations of norms evoked the medial frontal negativity in third-parties. The current study further probed the link between the medial frontal negativity (MFN) and actual TPP of norm violation, as it was not shown directly before...

Motor control largely depends on the deep layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons that project to subcortical structures. However, it is largely unknown if these neurons are functionally segregated with distinct roles in movement performance. Here, we analyzed mouse motor cortex L5 pyramidal neurons projecting to the red and pontine nuclei during movement preparation and execution. Using photometry to analyze the calcium activity of L5 pyramidal neurons projecting to the red nucleus and pons, we reveal that both types of neurons activate with different temporal dynamics...

The functions of Kir 4.1 in oligodendrocyte development have been in controversial. We recently reported that inhibiting Kir 4.1 impeded oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, due to Kir 4.1 altering intracellular pH of OPCs through Na+ /H+ exchangers. However, our conclusion was limited by in vitro observation, thereby it becomes necessary to seek in vivo evidence to determine the roles of Kir 4.1 on OPC development and CNS myelination. Here, we used Olig1-Cre to knockout Kir 4...

Alternate day fasting (ADF) which involves the repetition of a 2-day cycle of a day of free access to food followed by a day of limited or no access to food, is an effective dietary intervention for weight loss in both humans and rats. We have previously reported that when presented with a high energy (HE) and standard chow diet, rats maintained on an ADF schedule displayed decreased HE diet preference compared to controls. Both male and female ADF rats increased overall intake of chow. However, this increase was driven by both meal size and meal number for males and only number of meals for females...

BACKGROUND: L-theanine, 2-amino-4-(ethylcarbamoyl) butyric acid, an amino acid detected in green tea leaves, is used as a dietary supplement to attenuate stress and enhance mood and cognition. Furthermore, L-theanine induces anxiolytic effects in humans. Recently, L-theanine was reported to reduce morphine physical dependence in primates, suggesting the potential usefulness of L-theanine for drug dependence intervention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether L-theanine attenuates nicotine-withdrawal (somatic and affective signs) and nicotine reward in mice...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether sTREM2 is changed during the pathogenesis of PD and reflect motor decline in PD individuals METHODS: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from PD and healthy individuals were obtained to measure the expression of sTREM2 and further to evaluate the motor function at baseline and after four years of follow-up using the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. The relationship between motor disease progression at baseline and longitudinal CSF sTREM2 was evaluated by linear mixed-effects (LME) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models...

The objective of this study is to investigate nonlinear neural dynamics of chronic patients with schizophrenia following 3 months of cognitive remediation and to find correlations with neuropsychological measures of cognition. Twenty nine patients were randomized to Cognitive Training (CT) and Treatment as Usual (TAU) group. The system complexity is estimated by Correlation Dimension (D2 ) and Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE) from the reconstructed attractor of the underlying system. Significant increase in dimensional complexity (D2 ) over time is observed in prefrontal and medial frontal-central regions in eyes open and arithmetic condition; and posterior parietal-occipital region under eyes closed after 3 months...