Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore

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INTRODUCTION: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but there are few studies on patient outcomes in Southeast Asia. In this study, we describe the clinical profile and outcome of patients with MDD and OCD treated with rTMS in Singapore. METHOD: A naturalistic retrospective study of 71 patients (inpatient and outpatient) who received rTMS treatment between June 2018 and April 2023 was conducted...

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INTRODUCTION: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a proven treatment modality for Parkinson's disease (PD), reducing dyskinesia and time spent in the "OFF" state. This study evaluates the long-term outcomes of STN-DBS in PD patients up to 10 years post-surgery in Singapore. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective review of Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) scores, activities of daily living (ADLs), disease milestones, dopaminergic drug prescriptions, and adverse events in patients before and after STN-DBS surgery...

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to synthesise quality of life (QOL) of family caregivers of children and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) and determine factors affecting their QOL. METHOD: This review was conducted as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Key search terms were "quality of life", "down syndrome" and "trisomy 21". Meta-analysis using random effect model was conducted where feasible...

INTRODUCTION: Down syndrome (DS) negatively impacts the well-being of affected individuals. This study aimed to summarise the evidence on quality of life (QOL) of children and young adults with DS using quantitative measures from caregivers' perspective and identify factors that affected their QOL. METHOD: Database search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL on 24 April 2024. Meta-analysis using random effects model was conducted where feasible...

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INTRODUCTION: The under-representativeness of participants in clinical trials limits the generalisability of results. This review evaluates the representative-ness within pharmaceutical randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in Singapore. METHOD: Four bibliographic databases were searched for papers on pharmaceutical RCTs which included Singapore adults (≥18 years old), published between 2017 and 2022. The demographic characteristics of study participants were compared against the population in the 2020 Singapore census...

INTRODUCTION: Fluid overload is a known complication in patients with diabetes mellitus, particularly those with cardiovascular and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigates the impact of fluid overload on healthcare utilisation and its association with diabetes-related complications. METHOD: Electronic medical records from the SingHealth Diabetes Registry (2013-2022) were analysed. Hospitalisations due to fluid overload were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) discharge codes...

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol flushing syndrome (AFS) is experienced by up to 46% of East Asians. This study aimed to review the risk of cancers in AFS patients, elucidate an exposure-response relationship, and understand risk associated with alcohol intake and cancer. METHOD: An electronic database search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. Observational studies on AFS' effects and all cancers risk were included...

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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine patterns of screen viewing time (SVT) in preschool children with developmental, behavioural or emotional (DBE) issues, and to identify its relationship with social-emotional development. METHOD: This cross-sectional study involved children aged 0-5 years who were referred to a developmental paediatric clinic for DBE issues. Parents completed a screen time questionnaire, and the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment-Clinical (DECA-C) question-naire which assessed the social-emotional competence of the children...

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