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Journals Journal of Experimental Child ...

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38245916/compensatory-prosocial-behavior-in-high-risk-adolescents-observing-social-exclusion-the-effects-of-emotion-feedback
#41
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelli L Dickerson, Jodi A Quas
Although exposure to violence has been consistently associated with deficits in prosocial behavior among adolescents, effective methods of mitigating these deficits have yet to be identified. The current investigation tested whether prosocial behavior could be promoted by providing adolescents with feedback about the emotional states of others and whether the effects of feedback varied between adolescents who had versus had not experienced violence in the home or in the community. Adolescents aged 8 to 17 years with (n = 87) and without (n = 61) histories of violence exposure completed a virtual social exclusion ball-tossing paradigm in which information about an excluded peer's emotions (sad, angry, or neutral) was experimentally manipulated...
January 20, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38241971/the-structure-of-metacognition-in-middle-childhood-evidence-for-a-unitary-metacognition-for-memory-factor
#42
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariëtte van Loon, Ulrich Orth, Claudia Roebers
It has been debated whether children's metacognitive monitoring and control processes rely on a general resource or whether metacognitive processes are task specific. Moreover, findings about the extent to which metacognitive processes are related to first-order task performance are mixed. The current study aimed to uncover the relationships among children's monitoring (discrimination between correct and incorrect responses), control (accurate withdrawal of wrong answers), and performance across three memory-based learning tasks: Kanji learning, text comprehension, and secret code learning...
January 17, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38194820/children-s-comparison-of-different-length-numbers-managing-different-attributes-in-multidigit-number-processing
#43
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javier García-Orza, Ismael Gutiérrez-Cordero, Ismael Rodríguez-Montenegro, Juan Antonio Álvarez-Montesinos
In everyday life the comparison of numbers usually occurs between numbers with different numbers of digits. However, experimental research here is scarce. Recent research has shown that adults respond faster to congruent pairs (the initial digit in the number with more digits is larger, e.g., 2384 vs. 107) than to incongruent pairs (the initial digit is larger in the number with fewer digits, e.g., 2675 vs. 398). This has been interpreted as support for the processing of multiple attributes in parallel and against serial accounts...
January 8, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184957/to-tell-the-truth-or-not-what-effortful-control-false-belief-and-sympathy-tell-us-about-preschoolers-instrumental-lies
#44
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ece Sağel-Çetiner, Türkan Yılmaz Irmak, Begüm Açık Yavuz
This study aimed to examine the predictors of instrumental lies in preschool children, specifically focusing on false belief, effortful control, and sympathy. Instrumental lies are intentional falsehoods used to achieve personal goals such as avoiding punishment and obtaining an undeserved reward. A total of 192 preschool children (age range = 32-73 month-olds), along with their mothers and fathers, participated in the study. The Temptation Resistance Paradigm, an experimental task, was employed to elicit instrumental lies from the children...
January 6, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184956/chatbot-dialogic-reading-boosts-comprehension-for-chinese-kindergarteners-with-higher-language-skills
#45
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xi Cheng, Li Yin, Chaochao Lin, Zhaoning Shi, Hanxiao Zheng, Leqi Zhu, Xiabi Liu, Keran Chen, Rui Dong
Dialogic reading promotes early language and literacy development, but high-quality interactions may be inaccessible to disadvantaged children. This study examined whether a chatbot could deliver dialogic reading support comparable to a human partner for Chinese kindergarteners. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 148 children (83 girls; Mage  = 70.07 months, SD = 7.64) from less resourced families in Beijing, China, were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: dialogic or non-dialogic reading techniques with either a chatbot or human partner...
January 6, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184955/buildup-and-release-from-proactive-interference-the-forward-testing-effect-in-children-s-spatial-memory
#46
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alp Aslan, Veit Kubik
Previous work has indicated that testing can enhance memory for subsequently studied new information by reducing proactive interference from previously studied information. Here, we examined this forward testing effect in children's spatial memory. Kindergartners (5-6 years) and younger (7-8 years) and older (9-10 years) elementary school children studied four successively presented 3 × 3 arrays, each composed of the same 9 objects. The children were asked to memorize the locations of the objects that differed across the four arrays...
January 6, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38183878/children-s-expectations-about-the-stability-of-others-knowledge-and-preference-states
#47
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahmut Kurupınar, Oya Serbest, Duygu Yılmaz, Gaye Soley
It is a crucial ability to predict others' psychological states across time and contexts. Focusing on cultural inventions such as songs and stories, we contrasted children's attributions of stability with others' knowledge and preference states across time and space and whether these attributions change as a function of children's familiarity with the known/liked items. Children (91 4-year-olds and 97 6-year-olds) were introduced to characters who knew or liked a song, a story, a game and a dance that were either novel or familiar...
January 5, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38183877/parenting-by-lying-and-children-s-lying-to-parents-the-moderating-role-of-children-s-beliefs
#48
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Petrina Hui Xian Low, Yena Kyeong, Peipei Setoh
How are children socialized about lying? One way is parental modeling of lying given that parents tell various lies to their children for parenting purposes, which is a practice known as parenting by lying. Importantly, how children perceive and interpret the lying behavior around them may be crucial to how they then learn to lie. Yet, we do not know how children's perceptions of different types of parental lies drive this socialization. In a comprehensive birth cohort of parent-child dyads (N = 564; children aged 11 and 12 years) in Singapore, we collected multi-informant reports of instrumental lies (parental lies told for child compliance) and white lies (parental lies told to instill positive emotions), children's belief in parental lies, and children's lying to parents...
January 5, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176258/the-role-of-conventionality-and-design-in-children-s-function-judgments-about-malfunctioning-artifacts
#49
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Frankie T K Fong, Guillermo Puebla, Mark Nielsen
This study investigated the individual influences of conventionality and designer's intent on function judgments of possibly malfunctioning artifacts. Children aged 4 and 5 years and 6 to 8 years were presented with stories about an artifact with two equally plausible functions, one labeled as either conventional or designed. Subsequently, a character attempted to use the artifact for the cued function, which resulted in either malfunction or successful use. The children's task was to identify the real function of the artifact...
January 3, 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176257/age-related-differences-in-the-removal-of-information-from-working-memory
#50
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siyuan Mei, Yang Gao, Wanna He, Christopher Jarrold, Tengfei Wang
Removal has been assumed to be a core mechanism in working memory. However, it remains unclear whether children can actively remove outdated information from working memory and how this ability develops as children age. The current study aimed to examine age-related differences in removal ability and its relations with cognitive control and working memory capacity. Children aged 7, 9, and 11 years performed a modified working memory updating task assessing removal efficiency. In addition, a battery of cognitive control and working memory capacity tasks was administered...
April 2024: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38157752/inside-a-child-s-mind-the-relations-between-mind-wandering-and-executive-function-across-8-to-12-year-olds
#51
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fiza Hasan, Chelsie M Hart, Susan A Graham, Julia W Y Kam
Mind wandering refers to attention oriented away from a current task to thoughts unrelated to the task, often resulting in poorer task performance. In adults, mind wandering is a common occurrence that is associated with the executive function facets of inhibitory control, working memory capacity, and task switching. In this study, we cross-sectionally examined whether the relation between mind wandering frequency and executive function changes across 8- to 12-year-old children. A total of 100 children completed three tasks targeting three facets of executive function...
December 28, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38141276/cognitive-processes-that-underlie-mathematically-gifted-emergent-bilinguals
#52
JOURNAL ARTICLE
H Lee Swanson, Jennifer E Kong, Catherine M Lussier
The purpose of this study was to determine those cognitive measures that increase the likelihood of identifying mathematically gifted students who are emerging bilinguals. Elementary school children (Grades 1, 2, and 3) were administered a battery of math, vocabulary, reading, and cognitive measures (short-term memory, inhibition, and working memory in their first language (L1: Spanish) and second language (L2: English). Multilevel polytomous logistic modeling compared mathematically gifted children with children who were average math achievers or low math achievers...
December 22, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38134601/minimal-gains-for-minimal-pairs-difficulty-in-learning-similar-sounding-words-continues-into-preschool
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah C Creel, Conor I Frye
A critical indicator of spoken language knowledge is the ability to discern the finest possible distinctions that exist between words in a language-minimal pairs, for example, the distinction between the novel words beesh and peesh. Infants differentiate similar-sounding novel labels like "bih" and "dih" by 17 months of age or earlier in the context of word learning. Adult word learners readily distinguish similar-sounding words. What is unclear is the shape of learning between infancy and adulthood: Is there a nonlinear increase early in development, or is there protracted improvement as experience with spoken language amasses? Three experiments tested monolingual English-speaking children aged 3 to 6 years and young adults...
December 21, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38118379/imitation-fidelity-increases-with-age-in-boys-but-not-in-girls-an-intriguing-finding-in-a-cohort-of-children-aged-3-to-6-years
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natàlia Barbarroja, Mikhail Ordin, Michael J Walker, Sandra Posada-Salazar, Héctor M Manrique
Imitation that entails faithful reproduction of demonstrated behavior by reenacting a sequence of actions accurately is a fast and efficient way to acquire new skills as well as to conform to social norms. Previous studies reported that both culture and gender might impinge on young children's fidelity of imitation. We analyzed the imitative behavior of 87 children whose ages ranged from 3 to 6 years. An instrumental task was administered that offered partial (opaque apparatus) or total (transparent apparatus) information about causal connection between the demonstrated actions and their effect in achieving a desired reward...
December 19, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38104460/investigating-belief-understanding-in-children-in-a-nonverbal-ambiguous-displacement-and-communication-setting
#55
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C-N Alexandrina Guran, Lucrezia Lonardo, Markus Tünte, Karla Arzberger, Christoph J Völter, Stefanie Hoehl, Ludwig Huber, Claus Lamm
Finding ways to investigate false belief understanding nonverbally is not just important for preverbal children but also is the only way to assess theory of mind (ToM)-like abilities in nonhuman animals. In this preregistered study, we adapted the design from a previous study on pet dogs to investigate false belief understanding in children and to compare it with belief understanding of those previously tested dogs. A total of 32 preschool children (aged 5-6 years) saw the displacement of a reward and obtained nonverbal cueing of the empty container from an adult communicator holding either a true or false belief...
December 16, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38104459/episodic-memory-during-middle-childhood-what-is-developing
#56
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Panyuan Guo, Emma Carey, Kate Plaisted-Grant, Lucy G Cheke
Whereas previous research has concentrated on the emergence of episodic memory during the early years, fewer investigations have explored the details of this development through middle and late childhood. Considerable variation in task demands and testing methodologies have rendered the trajectory of episodic memory during this period unclear, particularly with regard to which elements are in a state of change at which time. This study separately assessed memory for item, location, and temporal order, as well as integrated what-where-when (WWW) information using a WWW memory test (the Treasure Hunt task), with 84 children aged 6 to 12 years...
December 16, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38070440/activity-increases-in-empathy-related-brain-regions-when-children-contribute-to-peers-sadness-and-happiness
#57
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erin M McDonald, Katrina D Farris, Arden M Cooper, Meghan Rose Donohue, Erin C Tully
Responding empathically when causing peers' emotions is critical to children's interpersonal functioning, yet there are surprising gaps in the literature. Previous research has focused on empathy when witnessing others' emotions instead of causing others' emotions, on negative emotions instead of positive emotions, and on behavioral correlates instead of neural correlates. In this study, children (N = 38; Mage  = 9.28 years; 50% female) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging block design task in which they played a rigged game where they won and lost coins for themselves or peers and viewed their peers' happiness and sadness...
December 8, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38070439/high-variability-in-learning-materials-benefits-children-s-pattern-practice
#58
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tongyao Zhang, Emily R Fyfe
Concrete materials (e.g., pictures, objects) are believed to be helpful with learning, but not in all circumstances. Variability in these materials (i.e., using different materials vs. the same materials) could be an important factor. We compared how variability in concrete images influenced children's learning about repeating patterns (e.g., ABBABBABB). A total of 87 children aged 4 to 6 years from the United States (75% White; 44% female) completed an experiment via Zoom in which they received brief pattern training...
December 8, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38041991/moral-evaluations-of-children-s-truths-and-lies-in-a-prosocial-context-the-role-of-reputation
#59
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanessa M Turchio, Angela D Evans
The current investigation examined the influence of a child's reputation on 7- to 12-year-olds' (Study 1; N = 146) and parents' (Study 2; N = 198) moral evaluations of the child's blunt truths (i.e., truths told despite possible hurt feelings) and prosocial lies (i.e., lies told to protect another's feelings). In Study 1, children were read a series of vignettes in which a child, described as being smart, kind, or clean (with clean serving as the irrelevant control reputation), told either the blunt truth or a prosocial lie that varied in content (opinions or facts)...
December 1, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38039948/from-what-i-want-to-do-to-what-we-decided-to-do-5-year-olds-but-not-3-year-olds-honor-their-agreements-with-peers
#60
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patricia Winter Née Grocke, Michael Tomasello
Sometimes we have a personal preference but we agree with others to follow a different course of action. In this study, 3- and 5-year-old children (N = 160) expressed a preference for playing a game one way and were then confronted with peers who expressed a different preference. The experimenter then either got the participants to agree with the peers explicitly or just shrugged her shoulders and moved on. The children were then left alone to play the game unobserved. Only the older children stuck to their agreement to play the game as the peers wished...
November 30, 2023: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
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