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Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38331109/distinct-cardiotoxic-effects-by-venoms-of-a-spitting-cobra-naja-pallida-and-a-rattlesnake-crotalus-atrox-revealed-using-an-ex-vivo-langendorff-heart-model
#41
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronald Vlasblom, Jory van Thiel, Mátyás A Bittenbinder, Jon-Ruben van Rhijn, Rinske Drost, Lotte Muis, Julien Slagboom, Daniela Salvatori, Jeroen Kool, Robert Jan Veldman
Here we describe the acute myocardial effects of an elapid (red spitting cobra, Naja pallida) and a viper (western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox) venom using an ex vivo heart model. Our results reveal two different pathophysiological trajectories that influence heart function and morphology. While cobra venom causes a drop in contractile force, rattlesnake venom causes enhanced contractility and frequency that coincides with differences in myocellular morphology. This highlights the medical complexity of snake venom-induced cardiotoxicity...
February 6, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38331108/arenobufagin-isolated-from-bufo-viridis-toad-venom-inhibits-a549%C3%A2-cells-proliferation-by-inducing-apoptosis-and-g2-m-cell-cycle-arrest
#42
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiang Dong, Gulmira Turdu, Haji Akber Aisa, Abulimiti Yili
Lung cancer is a significant contributor to cancer morbidity and mortality globally. Arenobufagin, a compound derived from Bufo viridis toad venom, has demonstrated the ability to inhibit cell growth in various cancer cell lines. However, our understanding of the role and mechanism of arenobufagin in lung cancer remains incomplete, necessitating further researches to fully elucidate its action mechanism. In this study, we further explored the impact of arenobufagin on A549 cells. The results revealed that it exerted a potent cytotoxic effect on A549 cells by inhibiting cell colony formation, promoting cell apoptosis, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and arresting A549 cells in G2/M phase...
February 6, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38331107/ageratina-adenophora-causes-intestinal-integrity-damage-in-goats-via-the-activation-of-the-mlck-rock-signaling-pathway
#43
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianchen Wang, Shu Wang, Samuel Kumi Okyere, Juan Wen, Xiaoxuan Wang, Ruya Huang, Ziyao Tang, Suizhong Cao, Juliang Deng, Zhihua Ren, Yanchun Hu
As a global toxin invasive species, the whole herb of Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora) contains various sesquiterpenes, which can cause various degrees of toxic reactions characterized by inflammatory damage when ingested by animals. Current studies on the toxicity of A. adenophora have focused on parenchymatous organs such as the liver and spleen, but few studies have been conducted on the intestine as the organ that is first exposed to A. adenophora and digests and absorbs its toxic components. In this study, after feeding goats with 40 % A...
February 6, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38331106/toxic-responses-of-metabolites-produced-by-ostreopsis-cf-ovata-on-a-panel-of-cell-types
#44
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachelle Lanceleur, G E M I N Marin-Pierre, B L I E R Anne-Louise, Lisa Meslier, Damien Reveillon, Zouher Amzil, Eva Ternon, Olivier P Thomas, Valérie Fessard
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are regularly associated with human intoxications that are attributed to ovatoxins (OVTXs), the main toxic compounds produced this organism and close analogs to palytoxin (PlTX). Unlike for PlTX, information on OVTXs'toxicity are scarce due to the absence of commercial standards. Extracts from two cultures of Mediterranean strains of O. cf. ovata (MCCV54 and MCCV55), two fractions containing or not OVTXs (prepared from the MCCV54 extract) and OVTX-a and -d (isolated from the MCCV55 extract) were generated...
February 6, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38325757/dietary-supplementation-of-capsicum-powder-affects-the-growth-immunoglobulins-pro-inflammatory-cytokines-adipokines-meat-and-liver-histology-of-aflatoxin-b1-exposed-broiler-chickens
#45
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olugbenga D Oloruntola, Simeon O Ayodele, Deborah A Oloruntola, Olumuyiwa J Olarotimi, Andrew B Falowo, Victor O Akinduro, Francis A Gbore, Olufemi A Adu, Johnson O Agbede
The effects of dietary supplementation with Capsicum annuum fruit pericarp powder (CPP) and Capsicum annuum fruit seed powder (CSP) on the health and performance of broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. Four dietary groups were established: CON (control), AFT (0.5 mg/kg AFB1), CPAF (0.5 g/kg CPP and 0.5 mg/kg AFB1), and CSAF (0.5 g/kg CSP and 0.5 mg/kg AFB1). The AFT group shows a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the relative growth rate compared to CON, CPAF, and CSAF...
February 5, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38316294/bufalin-reprograms-erythrocyte-lifespan-through-p38-mapk-and-rac1-gtpase
#46
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad A Alfhili, Jawaher Alsughayyir
Ample evidence indicates that bufalin (BFN), a cardiotonic steroid in Bufo toad toxin, possesses a potent anticancer activity mainly by stimulating apoptosis in cancer cells. Human red blood cells (RBCs) undergo eryptosis which contributes to a plethora of pathological conditions. No reports, however, have examined the potential toxicity of BFN to RBCs. This study aims to characterize the biochemical mechanisms governing the influence of BFN on the physiology and lifespan of RBCs. Isolated RBCs from healthy volunteers were exposed to anticancer concentrations of commercially available BFN from the skin of Bufo gargarizans (10-200 μM) for 24 h at 37 °C...
February 3, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38311256/wild-mushroom-poisoning-a-case-study-of-amatoxin-containing-mushrooms-and-implications-for-public-health
#47
Zhifan He, Xiaohui Li, Min Feng, Xixi Wang, Yao Wang, Jianxin Chen
Wild mushroom poisoning is a global public health concern, with mushrooms containing amatoxins being the main cause of fatalities. Mushrooms from the genus Amanita and Galerina contain amatoxins. Here we present a case of wild mushroom poisoning that affected three individuals, resulting in two fatalities. Within 10-15 hours after consumption, they experienced symptoms of gastroenteritis such as vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. One individual sought medical attention promptly and recovered, while the other two sought medical help nearly two or three days after the onset of symptoms, by which time their conditions had already worsened and led to their deaths...
February 3, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38311255/first-report-of-clinically-significant-bites-due-to-platyceps-ventromaculatus-gray-1834-from-thar-desert-region-rajasthan-india
#48
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akhilesh Kumar P H, Sourish Kuttalam, Divya Tanwar, Bharat Choudhary, Mahendra Kumar Garg, Maya Gopalakrishnan
BACKGROUND: Platyceps ventromaculatus is a non-front-fanged colubrid snake of unknown medical significance. In this study, we highlight the clinical manifestations and outcomes of P. ventromaculatus bites. We also emphasise the need to create awareness among clinicians and the public for its potential to be confused with serious venomous bites such as Echis carinatus sochureki. METHODS: This series is part of an ongoing observational clinical study from our tertiary care hospital in Jodhpur, India on the profile and outcomes of snakebite envenoming...
February 2, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38310691/daboialipase-a-phospholipase-a-2-from-vipera-russelli-russelli-venom-posesses-anti-platelet-anti-thrombin-and-anti-cancer-properties
#49
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nivedita Kolvekar, Navodipa Bhattacharya, Sukanta Mondal, Angshuman Sarkar, Dibakar Chakrabarty
Snake venoms are known to contain toxins capable of interfering with normal physiological processes of victims. Specificity of toxins from snake venoms give scope to identify new molecules with therapeutic action and/or help to understand different cellular mechanisms. Russell's viper venom (RVV) is a mixture of many bioactive molecules with enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins. The present article describes Daboialipase (DLP), an enzymatic phospholipase A2 with molecular mass of 14.3 kDa isolated from RVV...
February 2, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38307130/tlc-and-hplc-methods-for-the-determination-of-plumbagin-for-the-diagnosis-of-poisoning-by-plumbago-scandens-l
#50
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlos José Rocha Teixeira, Barbara Pereira Dos Santos, Carolina Julia Costa Saraiva, Heloísa de Paula Pedroza, Silvia Catarina Salgado Oloris, Benito Soto-Blanco
Plumbago scandens L. (Plumbaginaceae) occurs in all regions of Brazil. It has been described as toxic to cattle and goats. Caustic lesions in the upper digestive tract characterize poisoning. P. scandens contains a naphthoquinone named plumbagin, which presents high cytotoxic activity. Plumbago auriculata Lam., a widely used ornamental plant, is considered potentially toxic, but there is limited data about its toxicity. This work aimed to validate analytical methodologies for determining the levels of plumbagin in samples of leaves, stems, and rumen content to be used as an auxiliary chemical marker in the laboratory diagnosis of intoxication...
January 31, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38290609/evaluation-of-spontaneous-exploratory-and-anxiety-related-behaviors-of-mice-treated-with-gymnopilins-obtained-from-the-mushroom-gymnopilus-imperialis-agaricomycetes-basidiomycota
#51
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lhaís Araújo Caldas, Beatriz Gangale Muratori, Andressa Gabriela Soliani, Suzete Maria Cerutti, Patrícia Sartorelli
Gymnopilins are long chain oligoisoprenoids produced through the condensation of isoprene units from MEV and MEP biosynthetic pathways. In Gymnopilus, these carotenoid-like molecules are recognized as major compounds in some species. In the present study, oligoisoprenoids derived from gymnopilins were dereplicated from Gymnopilus imperialis, a mushroom-forming basidiomycete, using liquid chromatographic coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (tandem LC-HRMS/MS) and GNPS. From the dichloromethane extract (Gym-DCM) of G...
January 28, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278421/mathematical-models-for-predicting-protodioscin-in-tropical-forage-grasses
#52
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juliana Caroline Santos Santana, Gelson Dos Santos Difante, Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues, Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira, Henrique Jorge Fernandes, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo, Vanessa Zirondi Longhini, Alexandre Menezes Dias, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
Protodioscin is a saponin present in grasses that can lead to losses in animal production. Our hypothesis was that mathematical models can accurately and precisely predict the protodioscin concentration in tropical grasses. We evaluated the ability of four mathematical models to describe the protodioscin concentration in Brachiaria and Panicum cultivars with different regrowth periods. Six cultivars of Panicum: Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tanzânia, Tamani, and Zuri; and five of Brachiaria-grass: Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk...
January 24, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38253207/sts-%C3%A2-a-inhibited-angiogenesis-of-lung-adenocarcinoma-by-activating-foxo3-to-inhibit-cxcl1-stat3-vegf-pathway
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bu Wang, Fang Zou, Gu Xin, Bao-Li Xiang, Jian-Qing Zhao, Sheng-Fang Yuan, Xiu-Long Zhang, Zhi-Hua Zhang
BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most popular type of lung cancer. Sulfotanshinone IIA sodium (STS IIA) has been proven to have an anticancer effect. However, its role in LUAD and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and mechanism of STS IIA in LUAD angiogenesis. METHODS: The mRNA levels of genes, including forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), were detected by qRT-PCR...
January 20, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38244865/chicken-cyp1a5-is-able-to-hydroxylate-aflatoxin-b-1-in-aflatoxin-m-1
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyang Yuan, Mei Li, Xinghui Qiu
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ), a naturally-occurring mycotoxin, can cause severe toxicological and carcinogenic effects in livestock and humans. Given that the chicken is one of the most important food-producing animals, knowledge regarding AFB1 metabolism and enzymes responsible for AFB1 transformation in the chicken has important implications for chicken production and food safety. Previously, we have successfully expressed chicken CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 monooxygenases in E. coli, and reconstituted them into a functional CYP system consisting of CYP1A5 or CYP3A37, CPR and cytochrome b5...
January 18, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38237691/evaluation-of-acute-toxicity-of-scabiosa-artropurperea-var-maritima-aqueous-extracts-in-swiss-mice
#55
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wijden Niama, Samia Ben Said, Christelle Rame, Mohamed Aroua, Mokhtar Mahouachi, Pascal Froment, Joëlle Dupont
Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima is a plant widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and used as a traditional medicine. The present study evaluated the biochemical composition and the potential toxicity of aqueous extract of whole Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima through acute toxicity oral administration in male mice. Phytochemical analysis of the Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima revealed high levels of reductor sugars and significant flavonoid and total phenol content. The aqueous extract of Scabiosa artropurperea var...
January 16, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219916/identification-of-poorly-immunodepleted-phospholipase-a-2-pla-2-proteins-of-bungarus-fasciatus-venom-from-assam-india-and-evaluation-of-indian-polyvalent-antivenom-using-third-generation-antivenomics
#56
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amit Talukdar, Robin Doley
Bungarus fasciatus also referred to as the Banded krait is a snake which possesses venom and belongs to the Elapidae family. It is widely distributed across the Indian subcontinent and South East Asian countries and is responsible for numerous snakebites in the population. B. fasciatus possesses a neurotoxic venom and envenomation by the snake results in significant morbidity and occasional morbidity in the victim if not treated appropriately. In this study, the efficacy of Indian polyvalent antivenom (Premium Serums polyvalent antivenom) was evaluated against the venom of B...
January 12, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219915/mechanism-of-inactivation-of-aspergillus-flavus-spores-by-dielectric-barrier-discharge-plasma
#57
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaxin Wang, Mingming Yu, Yanli Xie, Weibin Ma, Shumin Sun, Qian Li, Yuhui Yang, Xiao Li, Hang Jia, Renyong Zhao
Dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) displays strong against fungal spores, while its precise mechanism of spore inactivation remains inadequately understood. In this study, we applied morphological, in vivo and in vitro experiments, transcriptomics, and physicochemical detection to unveil the potential molecular pathways underlying the inactivation of Aspergillus flavus spores by DBDP. Our findings suggested that mycelium growth was inhibited as observed by SEM after 30 s treatment at 70 kV, meanwhile spore germination ceased and clustering occurred...
January 12, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38218385/study-on-the-chronic-inflammatory-injury-caused-by-ageratina-adenophora-on-goat-liver-using-metabolomics
#58
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chenyang Shao, Ruya Huang, Samuel Kumi Okyere, Yousif Muhammad, Shu Wang, Jianchen Wang, Wang Xiaoxuan, Hu Yanchun
Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora) is an invasive plant that is harmful to animals. The plants toxic effects on the liver have been studied in detail, however, the inflammation aspects of the hepatotoxicity are rarely discussed in literature. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the level of inflammation and the associated changes in liver metabolism caused by A. adenophora ingestion. Goat were fed with A. adenophora powder which accounts for 40% of the forage for 90 d. After the feeding period, the liver tissues were collected and the level of inflammation was detected using H & E staining and the changes in metabolites by LC-MS/MS...
January 11, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38218384/spider-venom-neurotoxin-based-bioinsecticides-a-novel-bioactive-for-the-control-of-the-asian-citrus-psyllid-diaphorina-citri-hemiptera
#59
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcelo P Miranda, Elaine C Fitches, Nur Afiqah Sukiran, Wellington I Eduardo, Rafael B Garcia, Fabrício J Jaciani, Jennifer J Readshaw, Jack Bell, Leandro Peña
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a key vector of the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious and currently incurable disease of citrus worldwide. Here we report the first investigation into the potential use of a spider venom-derived recombinant neurotoxin, ω/κ-HxTx-Hv1h (hereafter HxTx-Hv1h) when delivered alone or when fused to snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) to control D...
January 11, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38218383/a-comparative-study-of-the-performance-of-e-coli-and-k-phaffii-for-expressing-%C3%AE-cobratoxin
#60
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Damsbo, Charlotte Rimbault, Nick J Burlet, Anneline Vlamynck, Ida Bisbo, Selma B Belfakir, Andreas H Laustsen, Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre
Three-finger toxins (3FTxs) have traditionally been obtained via venom fractionation of whole venoms from snakes. This method often yields functional toxins, but it can be difficult to obtain pure isoforms, as it is challenging to separate the many different toxins with similar physicochemical properties that generally exist in many venoms. This issue can be circumvented via the use of recombinant expression. However, achieving the correct disulfide bond formation in recombinant toxins is challenging and requires extensive optimization of expression and purification methods to enhance stability and functionality...
January 11, 2024: Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
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