Zentralblatt Für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Erste Abteilung Originale. Reihe B: Hygiene, Präventive Medizin

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A city smog extract from an urban area inhibits the cell growth of hamster kidney cells in vitro. Parallel to an inhibition of cell multiplication a diminished rate of total DNA synthesis appeared. The number of cells in DNA synthesis is depressed in presence of city smog extract. These phenomena revealed a dose-response relationship. The biological effect of city smog extract is discussed.

The biochemical localization of phenylmercuric borate (PHB) on Escherichia coli shows that this disinfectant associates essentially with proteins. Protein electrophoresis demonstrates that each protein contains PHB, and that SH groups play a very important role in its fixation. The quantity of PHB able to associate with proteins is so large that many other electron donor groups must react with it. Moreover, it appears that concentration of PHB on cytoplasmic membrane results rather from the privileged position of this structure than from special physicochemical properties...

Phenylmercuric borate (PHB) is very rapidly incorporated into the cells of Escherichia coli, and binds directly to its sites of fixation. The rapid incorporation of PHB probably results from the lipophilic character of the [phenylmercuric]+ cation. The distribution of PHB in the cell is fairly uniform if one compares with that of the proteins. This shows the low specificity of PHB with regard to proteins, all of which appear to be potential sites for fixation. However, from the structural point of view, PHB is more differentiated in its distribution...

Imported infectious diseases being seen more often in consequence of intensive human contacts with developing countries through labourers and tourists, but also in consequence of immigration and of import of exotic diseases and of food, favoured by the quick air traffic, can be divided into 5 groups: 1. Imported diseases from the tropics (exotic diseases) 2. Imported agents from the tropics with human infection in the native country 3. Re-importation of diseases which were eliminated in the homelands 4. Diseases which are as well imported as also native 5...

The inactivating effect of anodic oxidation on viruses performed in an experimental electrolytic polarization unit was investigated with 11 different viruses suspended in tap and superficial water. Furthermore attempts were made to define the influence of factors important in experimental and water respect. Using concentrations up to 10(4) infectious units per ml representing a multiple quantity of the virus demonstrable in contaminated environmental waters all the viruses investigated could be inactivated reliably and rationally when suspended in tap water, more easily however in water of improved conductivity, by passing the current leading unit once...

The different effects of homogenisation of four commonly used homogenisating apparatus, such as Stomacher, Ultraturrax, Waring-Blender, Bühler-homogenisator) were compared with each other by applying 1 artificially and 6 naturally moulded, non-fluid food products. Furthermore the influence of sedimentation in the homogenisate as well as the time of homogenisation was examined. One part of the examination was the direct microscopic observation on stained Breed-smears, the other part the cultural methods (number of mould plate count on malt extract agar)...

This project was to provide a further indication for the triggering of central-nervous effects by a 50 - cycle alternating field with a field strength of 5.300 V/m. Previous studies already raised the suspicion of an effector mechanism of this kind: for instance, the nucleus temperature of rats sank under field influence. The same effect is triggered in mice and rats by prescribing centrally stimulating pharmaca. Furthermore, a rise in diastolic blood pressure with a simultaneous drop in heart rate was described for human subjects...

Effect of zinc on the osmotic fragility-stability of human erythrocytes in hypotonic NaCl solutions and on the reversion of hemolysis was studied in vitro. Erythrocytes washed in 0.9% NaCl were incubated in 1.5 X 10(-3) M ZnSO4 solution in 0.6% NaCl. The obtained results indicate an osmotic stabilization of the erythrocyte membrane by Zn2+ ions increase in osmotic fragility-stability in hypotonic NaCl solutions and increase in reversion of hemolysis due to the effect of Zn2+ ions. As the process of stabilization of the erythrocyte membrane by zinc ions was found to be independent of temperature, a non-enzymatic character of this phenomenon is postulated on this basis and on the basis of literature data...

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The microflora of the air in university lecture rooms was examined with the sedimentation method. For this purpose blood agar (20 degrees C and 37 degrees C), saline agar and Endo plates were used. The germ counts identified correlate to the size and utilization of the rooms. The lowest germ count was determined in the room used for practical work, which was followed by the lecture room. The newly built lecture room contained the highest colony count. The floor ventilation furnishes an explanation for this...

During the winter-half-year 1976/77 the concentrations of airborne microorganisms in the open air were measured in Bonn and at a place in the Sauerland. Simultaneously the data of wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric rel. humidity, temperature, intensity of solar radiation were registered. It can be shown, that the denominated parameters are influencing the content of microorganisms of the air in different proportions.

The relative proportion of eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in suspended particles from several sampling stations with different level of air pollution (cities and rural districts) was investigated. The PAH-profiles of most samples collected in three winters (1974/75, 1975/76, 1976/77) and in one summer (1975) were very similar. On the other hand the PAH-profiles differ distinctly from those of several exhausts, especially regarding automobiles, coke and oil stoves. It can be presumed, that the mixture of the emissions in the atmosphere leeds to a rather uniform relative proportion of the eight PAH in the immission as much as the difference in stability of the PAH...

7 intensiv-care-units (I.U.C.) were compared by analysing the charts of 100 patients from each station. They showed remarkable differences concerning the diagnosis of admittance, age and other factors related to the risk of infection. Consequently, kind and number of intensive care related medical procedures, the use of antibiotics, the duration of the patients stay on the station and the death rate differed widely. Some criteria concerning the layout, personnel, organisation and therapy on I.C.U. are named, which are mainly related to the patients condition and to the thereby given risk of infection...

Three standard variants of intensive care units are described. The hygienic-microbiological examinations of the patients' surrounding show in how fat architectural factors influence the propagation of germs responsible for nosocomial infections. The results are hygienic requirements concerning the architectural functional structure of intensive care units to facilitate the maintenance of anti- and asepsis for the nursing personal.

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In the Federal Republic of Germany a decline of population is expected, because fertility is very low. This article deals with the implications of this trend for the health system. On the basis of population models and population forcasts the author comes to the conclusion that in the long run the burden of health costs will not become lower but higher, because of the growing proportion of old people. Nevertheless it is supposed that the influence of other factors than demographic ones may be greater.

The capillary moisture of the gray layer of the Sphagnum magellanicum ass. contains nutrients for the growth of mycobacteria. Tested in vitro significant multiplication was stated in M. intracellulare, serotyp Davis, M. avium, M. scrofulaceum, M. fortuitum, M. xenopi, M. kansasii, M. borstelense, M. flavescens, M. gaxtri, M. gordonae, M. marinum, M. terrae, M. smegmatis, M. spec. "S" and M. nonchromogenicum (Fig. 1 and 2). There was no evident multiplication in M. phlei, M. triviale, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M...

After the inoculation in the head region of sphagnum moss vegetation (Sph. magellancium-Erica Association and Sph. apiculatum-Eriophorum angustifolium Ass.) reach the mycobacteria the hyaline cells of Sphagnum (Fig. 1). The count of M. intracellulare serotyp Davis decreases rapidly already in three days after the inoculation of Sph. magellanicum Ass. and this trend in the course of incubation is being continued. In 27 days following the inoculation only 2 of 7 specimens contained a small amount of this mycobacteria (Tab...

In the scope of our research about the antimicrobial activity of amin-aldehyde-condensates a number of partly new N,O-acetals was synthesized by reaction of formaldehyde with several alcohols and secondary amines. Structures and physically constants are shown in the tables 1 and 2. The antimicrobial activity is demonstrated by the results of the disk-test (table 3), of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC, table 4) and the suspension and area disinfecting test following the methods of the DGHM (tables 5 and 6)...