Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical Engineering

Monitoring of cardiopulmonary signals plays an important role in many clinical applications. A portable magnetic induction cardiopulmonary signal monitoring system with the flexible sensor of double micro-coils is presented in this paper. The detection of cardiopulmonary signals is realized with double micro-coils. The proposed system is safe, non-invasive, simple, and portable compared with traditional direct contact methods. The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is applied to cardiopulmonary signal processing, decomposing cardiopulmonary signal effectively...

OBJECTIVES: In recent years, the European Union has revised its regulatory framework for medical devices, primarily to improve patient safety and public health. The Medical Device Regulation (MDR) is fully applicable since May 2021, strengthening the requirements for all stakeholders. As a result, many companies are facing enormous challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the MDR on the orthopaedic aids industry. METHODS: Two surveys were conducted: one shortly before the MDR became applicable (146 respondents) and a second survey almost two years later (233 respondents)...

OBJECTIVES: To design and develop an approach named HC + SMA-SSA scheme for classifying motor imagery task. METHODS: The offered model employs a new method for classifying motor imagery task. Initially, down sampling is deployed to pre-process the incoming signal. Subsequently, "Modified Stockwell Transform (ST) and common spatial pattern (CSP) based features are extracted". Then, optimal channel selection is made by a novel hybrid optimization model named as Spider Monkey Assisted SSA (SMA-SSA)...

OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) pertains to therapeutic and prophylactic techniques utilized in a wide range of medical applications, with severe pulmonary diseases being the most prominent cases. Over the past decades, little progress has been made in advancing the basic principles and properties of gas exchangers. Here, in an unconventional approach, dialysis hollow fibers are handled with silicone to create a purely diffusive coating that prevents plasma leakage and promotes gas exchange...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate tissue expansion during cryoablation, the displacement of markers in ex vivo kidney tissue was determined using computed tomographic (CT) imaging. METHODS: CT-guided cryoablation was performed in nine porcine kidneys over a 10 min period. Markers and fiber optic temperature probes were positioned perpendicular to the cryoprobe shaft in an axial orientation. The temperature measurement was performed simultaneously with the acquisitions of the CT images in 5 s intervals...

OBJECTIVES: The present study is designed to explore the process of epileptic patterns' automatic detection, specifically, epileptic spikes and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), via a selection of machine learning (ML) techniques. The primary motivation for conducting such a research lies mainly in the need to investigate the long-term electroencephalography (EEG) recordings' visual examination process, often considered as a time-consuming and potentially error-prone procedure, requiring a great deal of mental focus and highly experimented neurologists...

Second-generation headless compression screws (HCSs) are commonly used for the fixation of small bones and articular fractures. However, there is a lack of biomechanical data regarding the application of such screws to radial head fractures. This study evaluated the mechanical properties of the fixation of radial head fractures using a single oblique HCS compared with those obtained using a standard locking radial head plate (LRHP) construct and a double cortical screw (DCS) construct. Radial synbone models were used for biomechanical tests of HCS, LRHP, and DCS constructs...

The automatic segmentation of the abnormality region from the head MRI is a challenging task in the medical science domain. The abnormality in the form of the tumor comprises the uncontrolled growth of the cells. The automatic identification of the affected cells using computerized software systems is demanding in the past several years to provide a second opinion to radiologists. In this paper, a new clustering approach is introduced based on the machine learning aspect that clusters the tumor region from the input MRI using disjoint tree generation followed by tree merging...

OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies indicate that deep breathing (DB) enhances wellbeing. Multiple deep breathing methods exist, but few employ audio to reach similar results. This study developed audio-guided DB and evaluated its immediate impacts on healthy population via self-created auditory Go/No-Go task, tidal volume changes, and psychological measures. METHODS: Audio-guided DB with natural sounds to guide the DB was developed. Meanwhile, audio-based Go/No-Go paradigm with Arduino was built to measure the attention level...

OBJECTIVES: Fatigue has a considerable impact on the driver's vehicle and even the driver's own operating ability. METHODS: An intelligent algorithm is proposed for the problem that it is difficult to classify the degree of drowsiness generated by the driver during the driving process. By studying the driver's electrocardiogram (ECG) during driving, two models were established to jointly classify the ECG signals as awake, stress, and fatigue or drowsiness states for drowsiness levels...

OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery diseases (CADs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and early diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment. To address this, our study presents a novel automated Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Hybrid Anomaly Detection (AIHAD) technique that combines various signal processing, feature extraction, supervised, and unsupervised machine learning methods. By jointly and simultaneously analyzing 12-lead cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) and electrocardiogram (ECG) data, the automated AIHAD technique performs fast, early, and accurate diagnosis of CADs...

OBJECTIVES: Arrhythmia is an important component of cardiovascular disease, and electrocardiogram (ECG) is a method to detect arrhythmia. Arrhythmia detection is often paroxysmal, and ECG signal analysis is time-consuming and expensive. We propose a model and device for convenient monitoring of arrhythmia at any time. METHODS: This work proposes a model combining residual block and bidirectional long-term short-term memory network (BiLSTM) to detect and classify ECG signals...

OBJECTIVES: Focused ultrasound is mainly known for focal ablation and localized hyperthermia of tissue. During the last decade new treatment options were developed for neurological indications based on blood-brain-barrier opening or neuromodulation. Recently, the transcranial application of shock waves has been a subject of research. However, the mechanisms of action are not yet understood. Hence, it is necessary to know the energy that reaches the brain during the treatment and the focusing characteristics within the tissue...

OBJECTIVES: Ceramic revision heads, equipped with titanium adapter sleeves, are used in femoral head revision in total hip arthroplasty to avoid ceramic fracture due to the damaged taper. METHODS: A finite element analysis of the taper connection strength of revision heads with varying head diameters combined with adapter sleeves of different lengths was conducted. The influence of various assembly forces, head diameter, and length of the adapter sleeves was evaluated...

OBJECTIVES: Novel noise reduction and QRS detection algorithms in Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and the Modified Sigmoid Thresholding Function (MSTF) are proposed in this paper. METHODS: EMD and EEMD algorithms are used to decompose the noisy ECG signal into series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Then, these IMFs are thresholded by the MSTF for reduction of noises and preservation of QRS complexes...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of tuning the topography of textile surfaces for biomedical applications towards modified cell-substrate interactions. METHODS: For that purpose, a supercritical Nitrogen N2 jet was used to spray glass particles on multi-filament polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns and on woven fabrics. The influence of the jet projection parameters such as the jet pressure (P) and the standoff distance (SoD) on the roughness was investigated...

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the upper airway (oral and/or nasal) with different inhalation speeds and obstruction depths to generate remarkable notes on palatal snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Another important aspect is to study different soft palate biomechanical properties and their relationships with different physical parameters on palatal snoring and OSA. METHODS: The human upper-airway is modelled in 2D, and a cantilever plate model principle is adopted for the soft palate during fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations...

OBJECTIVE: The physical properties and wettability of 3-D printed Polyethylene terephthalate - glycol (PET-G) and Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) dental sectional matrices were investigated. METHODS: Experimental matrices was designed in a rectangular shape one-side depression corresponds to gingival col and without sharp edges and printed on FDM machine Ender Pro 3 (Creality® , Shenzhen, China). The physical textures, thicknesses, water contact angles were compared to conventional stainless steel (SS) matrix...

OBJECTIVES: To determine, through clinical studies, whether there is a correlation between the Periotest value (PTV) and the implant stability quotient (ISQ). CONTENT: Methods to evaluate the stability of dental implants. SUMMARY: A search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles on the proposed subject up to January 29, 2023, using search terms that combined "resonance frequency analysis" and "Periotest" with "correlation" or "relationship"; and combinations of "implant stability quotient" and "Periotest" with "correlation" or "relationship...

OBJECTIVES: Tunnel enlargement and graft failure are common complications associated with ACL reconstruction. The mechanical interaction between the graft and the tunnel aperture may play a more important role. This study aims to evaluate graft position within femoral tunnel and the graft force under external loads. METHODS: An FE model of the femur-graft-tibia complex was constructed from CT images of an anatomically reconstructed knee specimen. The model was subjected to kinematics of passive flexion extension, anterior/posterior translation, internal/external rotation and valgus kinematics, which were collected from experimental testing...