Physician and Sportsmedicine

Objectives Young athletes do not always seek medical help for overuse wrist injuries, risking invalidating long-term consequences resulting from late diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to identify overuse wrist injuries in young athletes. Methods According to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria, items were collected from literature and 6 focus groups of sports physicians and of young athletes with (previous) overuse wrist injuries...

Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common lower extremity musculoskeletal injury sustained during daily life and sport. The cascade of events that starts with ligamentous trauma leads to clinical manifestations such as recurrent sprains and giving way episodes, hallmark characteristics of chronic ankle instability (CAI). The sequelae of lateral ankle sprains and CAI appear to contribute to aberrant biomechanics. Combined, joint trauma and aberrant biomechanics appear to directly and/or indirectly play a role in talar cartilage degeneration...

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral Arthroplasty (PFA) has been shown to be successful in restoring knee function and quality of life in patients with isolated patellofemoral disease. Patient satisfaction has been suggested as an indicator of the quality of elective orthopedic operations, although there remains no standardized method to collect and evaluate satisfaction. The present study offers a systematic review of the available literature concerning patient satisfaction following PFA to assess common methodologies for reporting patient satisfaction...

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is classically thought of as either a cam or pincer deformity causing abnormal bony contact resulting in labral pathology. However, alternate patterns of hip impingement can occur, but tend to be less commonly recognized or studied. Collectively termed "extra-articular impingement", four subgroups of impingement can contribute to non-arthritic hip pain and disability: iliopsoas impingement, subspine impingement, ischiofemoral impingement and trochanteric-pelvic impingement...

Sports-related injuries to the shoulder are common causes of disability. Injuries to the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) in sports are more rare, though have been reported in a small number of cases. SCJ injury classification is determined by the degree of joint displacement and direction of clavicular displacement. Direction of displacement is particularly important due to risk of injury to intrathoracic structures, which has the potential to result in fatal outcomes. These injuries are important to identify in athletes and can be difficult to assess on the field...

It is established that an intensive training results in a lower average resting heart rate. Management of bradycardia in an athlete can be difficult given the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. The authors have reviewed the different mechanisms described in the literature, including recent advances in physiology regarding remodeling of ion channels, which may partially explain bradycardia in athletes.

BACKGROUND: Youth is a crucial period for bone gain and physical activity (PA) has shown to increase bone mineral density (BMD) in this period. However, whether PA affects regional BMD is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between PA levels and regional BMD in youths. METHODS: The sample included 110 children and adolescents aged 6-14 years. Body mass, height, sitting trunk length, and leg length were obtained for body mass index and maturity offset calculation...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to establish cognitive changes in relation to blood lactate levels obtained during slow performance of a regimen of exercise sessions. METHODS: A total of 15 male professional bodybuilders participated in the study; CrossFit® professionals performed the Workout 15.5, Week 5 Open 2015 consisting of 27-21-15-9 repetitions for time of Row (calories) and Thrusters, with 1-min recovery. Blood lactate, blood glucose, reaction time (RT), execution time of a dual cognitive task, number of errors, and number of omissions were measured at rest, at conclusion of the session, and after recovery for 15 min...

OBJECTIVES: Flexibility and strength are compromised in pronated feet, which could in turn lead to alteration of the dynamic balance and muscle activity in the lower extremities. This study aimed to analyze the effects of selective tibialis posterior strengthening and iliopsoas stretching on navicular drop, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle activity in young adults with pronated feet. METHODS: Twenty-eight participants with pronated feet were randomly assigned to either the stretching and strengthening group (n = 14) or the conventional exercise group (n = 14)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Although football is one of the most popular collegiate sports, the epidemiology of and risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in this population not been recently described. We aimed to characterize this incidence in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players, determine risk factors, and establish outcomes after injury. METHODS: All shoulder and elbow injuries in men's football occurring during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years were retrospectively identified in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program database...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: For concussions to be effectively managed in sports, they need to be correctly identified and reported. The extent to which professional athletes correctly recognize concussions, and their willingness to report symptoms, is not yet well understood. Given the risk of head injuries leading to concussions across combat sports, insight into professional fighters' knowledge and reporting of concussive symptoms is essential to improve concussion management. METHOD: To investigate understanding and reporting patterns of concussions sustained while training or competing, 257 fighters completed a self-report questionnaire assessing self-perception of concussion knowledge, trust of ringside medical providers, and reported number of previous head injuries...

OBJECTIVES: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used by athletes to treat injuries but are also reportedly misused as performance or recovery aids. This study aimed to investigate NSAIDs use, knowledge, and behaviour regarding use and misuse of NSAIDs in Irish student-athletes. METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine (21.2±3.5 years) student-athletes completed an anonymous, validated questionnaire online. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the association between sleep quality and mood in elite athletes of different competitive levels. METHODS: Participants were 1,041 elite athletes (aged 20.82 ± 6.62 years), with 671 men (64.5%/21.52 ± 6.90 years) and 370 women (35.5%/19.55 ± 5.89 years) from 10 individual sports and 6 team sports. Participants self-reported sleep quality on a Likert-type scale and mood was measured with the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and binary logistic regression...

OBJECTIVES: Foot pronation is considered as a potential risk factor of lower leg overuse injury. This study aimed to identify plantar pressure characteristics of elite athletes with exercise-induced leg pain in throwing athletic disciplines, and to verify the acute effect of taping for restricting foot pronation by analyzing the plantar pressure characteristics. METHODS: This study was designed as a description and comparison of throwing athletic athletes. Participants were divided into exercise-induced leg pain (ELP group, n = 17) and control groups (CON group, n = 14)...

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is an overuse injury characterized by increased intracompartmental pressure during exercise. CECS has been described in the foot, thigh, and trunk, but 95% of cases occur in the lower leg. Interestingly, CECS may also affect the upper extremities and has been best described in the forearms. Unfortunately, due to the rarity of this condition, there is no consensus regarding its diagnosis and treatment. This review seeks to discuss the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CECS of the forearms, which has been described in the literature...

Performance enhancing substances are becoming increasingly popular amongst bodybuilders and people who want to enhance their physiques. However, due to the rise of the Internet and laws prohibiting sales of these substances without prescription, the route of procurement and administration practices have become more and more dangerous. Prior to the mid-1970's, anabolic steroids were not regulated and easily available from physicians and pharmacies in several countries. In 1990, the United States enacted the Anabolic Steroid Control Act, leading to the proliferation of black markets and underground laboratories...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to examine the association between physical activity and hippocampal-orbitofrontal functional connectivity. METHODS: Data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample was utilized, which consisted of 366 participants (Mage  = 43 years; 63% female). Physical activity was self-reported using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Hippocampal-orbitofrontal functional connectivity was assessed from magnetic resonance imaging...

OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of platelet rich plasma in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is controversial. Despite positive results observed in open studies, randomized controlled trials failed to show difference against saline or rehabilitation. Aims of this retrospective observational study were to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and dry needling and to assess possible differences age and sex-related. METHODS: Groups of 46 and 38 patients with non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy were treated with platelet-rich plasma and dry needling (once a week for 3 weeks), respectively...