journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478091/hla-class-i-nk-epitopes-and-kir-diversities-in-patients-with-multiple-myeloma
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicky A Beelen, Stefan J J Molenbroeck, Lisette Groeneveld, Christien E Voorter, Gerard M J Bos, Lotte Wieten
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Myeloma cells are susceptible to killing by natural killer (NK) cells, but NK cells fail to control disease progression, suggesting immunosuppression. The activation threshold of NK-effector function is regulated by interaction between KIRs and self-HLA class I, during a process called "education" to ensure self-tolerance. NK cells can respond to diseased cells based on the absence of HLA class I expression ("Missing-self" hypothesis)...
March 13, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451352/lack-of-syndecan-1-promotes-the-pathogenesis-of-experimental-rheumatoid-arthritis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosalyn Jurjus, Laura Dosh, Rima Farhat, Tatiana Daccache, Jad El Masri, Maya Ghazi, Jihad Hawi, Angelo Leone, Abdo Jurjus
Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate protein, is implicated in several pathophysiological processes including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The exact role of Syndican-1 in this autoimmune disease is still undetermined. This study explores the involvement level of Sdc-1 in the development of RA in a collagen II-induced arthritis mice model. RA was induced in two mice strains (wild-type BALB/c group and Sdc-1 knockout) by collagen II. Mice underwent regular clinical observations and scoring. After sacrifice, leg biopsies were taken from mice for histological examination, using a variety of stains...
March 7, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441635/evolutionary-divergence-of-tlr9-through-ancestral-sequence-reconstruction
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manisha Ghosh, Surajit Basak, Shanta Dutta
The transmembrane pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR), are best known for their roles in innate immunity via recognition of pathogen and initiation of signaling response. Mammalian TLRs recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens and initiate innate immune response. We have studied the evolutionary diversity of mammalian TLR genes for differences in immunological response. Reconstruction of ancestral sequences is a key aspect of the molecular evolution of TLR to track changes across the TLR genes...
March 5, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38427105/causal-effect-of-interleukin-il-6-on-blood-pressure-and-hypertension-a-mendelian-randomization-study
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ou Wu, Ya Wu, Xingyu Zhang, Wei Liu, Hu Zhang, Saber Khederzadeh, Xi Lu, Xiao-Wei Zhu
To examine whether circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (CirIL6) have a causal effect on blood pressure using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. We used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry to obtain genetic instruments for circulating IL-6 levels and blood pressure measurements. We applied several robust MR methods to estimate the causal effects and to test for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. We found that circulating IL-6 had a significant positive causal effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but not on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or hypertension...
March 1, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38400869/resolving-unknown-nucleotides-in-the-ipd-imgt-hla-database-by-extended-and-full-length-sequencing-of-hla-class-i-and-ii-alleles
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina E M Voorter, Mathijs Groeneweg, Timo I Olieslagers, Ingrid Fae, Gottfried F Fischer, Marco Andreani, Maria Troiano, Blanka Vidan-Jeras, Sendi Montanic, Bouke G Hepkema, Laura B Bungener, Marcel G J Tilanus, Lotte Wieten
In the past, identification of HLA alleles was limited to sequencing the region of the gene coding for the peptide binding groove, resulting in a lack of sequence information in the HLA database, challenging HLA allele assignment software programs. We investigated full-length sequences of 19 HLA class I and 7 HLA class II alleles, and we extended another 47 HLA class I alleles with sequences of 5' and 3' UTR regions that were all not yet available in the IPD-IMGT/HLA database. We resolved 8638 unknown nucleotides in the coding sequence of HLA class I and 2139 of HLA class II...
February 24, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358555/concise-review-the-heterogenous-roles-of-batf3-in-cancer-oncogenesis-and-dendritic-cells-and-t-cells-differentiation-and-function-considering-the-importance-of-batf3-dependent-dendritic-cells
#6
REVIEW
Reza Dabbaghipour, Elham Ahmadi, Mona Entezam, Omid Rahbar Farzam, Sepideh Sohrabi, Sajjad Jamali, Ali Saber Sichani, Hadi Paydar, Behzad Baradaran
The transcription factor, known as basic leucine zipper ATF-like 3 (BATF3), is a crucial contributor to the development of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), which is definitely required for priming CD8 + T cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens and malignancies. In this respect, BATF3-dependent cDC1 can bring about immunological tolerance, an autoimmune response, graft immunity, and defense against infectious agents such as viruses, microbes, parasites, and fungi. Moreover, the important function of cDC1 in stimulating CD8 + T cells creates an excellent opportunity to develop a highly effective target for vaccination against intracellular pathogens and diseases...
February 15, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38326657/regulation-of-genes-involved-in-the-metabolic-adaptation-of-murine-microglial-cells-in-response-to-elevated-hif-1%C3%AE-mediated-activation
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ida Florance, Seenivasan Ramasubbu
Microglia cells are activated in response to different stress signals. Several metabolic adaptations underlie microglia activation in the brain. Among these, in conditions like ischemic stroke and, hypoxic stress stimuli activate microglia cells. Hypoxic stress is mediated by HIF-1α. Although HIF-1α has been implicated in the alteration of metabolic pathways, changes in microglia lipid metabolism during M1 activation of microglia induced by elevated HIF-1α levels are yet to be understood...
February 8, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38206349/determination-for-kir-genotype-and-allele-copy-number-via-real-time-quantitative-pcr-method
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sudan Tao, Xuan You, Jielin Wang, Wei Zhang, Ji He, Faming Zhu
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) play crucial roles in regulating NK cell activity. Here, we report a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to genotype all KIR genes and their copy numbers simultaneously. With 18 pairs of locus-specific primers, we identified KIR genes by Ct values and determined KIR copy number using the 2-∆Ct method. Haplotypes were assigned based on KIR gene copy numbers. The real-time qPCR results were consistent with the NGS method, except for one sample with KIR2DL5 discrepancy...
January 11, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38197898/costimulatory-receptors-in-the-channel-catfish-cd28-family-members-and-their-ligands
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sylvie M A Quiniou, Eva Bengtén, Pierre Boudinot
The CD28-B7 interaction is required to deliver a second signal necessary for T-cell activation. Additional membrane receptors of the CD28 and B7 families are also involved in immune checkpoints that positively or negatively regulate leukocyte activation, in particular T lymphocytes. BTLA is an inhibitory receptor that belongs to a third receptor family. Fish orthologs exist only for some of these genes, and the potential interactions between the corresponding ligands remain mostly unclear. In this work, we focused on the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), a long-standing model for fish immunology, to analyze these co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors...
January 10, 2024: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38151544/the-impact-of-long-covid-on-health-related-quality-of-life-in-patients-6-months-after-discharge-with-severe-covid-19
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh, Moslem Basti, Sara Jambarsang, Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani
This study investigates the relationship between long COVID and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients discharged for 6 months. It included 192 patients with a history of severe COVID-19 and 192 patients with a history of non-severe COVID-19 patients that were selected through quota sampling methods from the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) of hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, in 2020. Phone-based interviews were conducted to collect data using the short form of the 12-item health-related quality of life (SF-12) questionnaire...
December 27, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38114658/patterns-of-evolution-in-mhc-class-ii-dqa-and-dqb-exon-2-genes-of-alpine-mountain-hares-lepus-timidus-varronis-and-sympatric-and-parapatric-brown-hares-l-europaeus-from-switzerland
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Awadi, H Ben Slimen, S Smith, M Makni, F Suchentrunk
In natural populations, hybridization is known to occur between a wide range of species. However, its evolutionary significance is less clear. Genes involved in fighting pathogens are considered excellent candidates for studying adaptive introgression, although both introgression and balancing selection can generate similar patterns of diversity and differentiation. Here, we compared DQA and DQB MHC class II and microsatellite allelic diversity of sympatric and parapatric mountain (Lepus timidus) and brown hare (L...
December 20, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38063879/the-covid-19-inflammation-and-high-mortality-mechanism-trigger
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel Stróż, Piotr Kosiorek, Anna Stasiak-Barmuta
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lasted from March 2020 to May 2023, infecting over 689 million and causing 6.9 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells via the spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors, leading to viral replication and an exaggerated immune response characterized by a "cytokine storm." This review analyzes the COVID-19 pathogenesis, strains, risk factors for severe disease, and vaccine types and effectiveness. A systematic literature search for 2020-2023 was conducted...
December 8, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38030802/a-novel-missense-mutation-in-the-aire-gene-underlying-autoimmune-polyglandular-syndrome-type-1
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susana Vitozzi, Silvia Graciela Correa, Alejandro Lozano, Eduardo Jorge Fernández, Rodrigo Quiroga
The immune regulator gene AIRE plays an essential role in the establishment of immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. This transcription factor plays a critical role in promoting self-tolerance in the thymus by regulating the expression of a large number of self-antigens that share the common feature of being tissue-restricted in their expression pattern in the periphery. Dysfunction of AIRE in humans causes a rare disease, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1), characterized by an autoimmune response against peripheral tissues, particularly endocrine tissues...
November 30, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37979046/investigating-associations-between-hla-dqa1%C3%A2-%C3%A2-dqb1-haplotypes-h-pylori-infection-metaplasia-and-anti-caga-iga-seropositivity-in-a-turkish-gastritis-cohort
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mukaddes Colakogullari, Lokman Karatas, Zeynep Tatar
Helicobacter pylori was reported as an important cause of gastritis, and gastric ulcers and CagA oncoprotein-producing H. pylori subgroups were blamed to increase the severity of gastritis. Disparities were reported in that the presence of serum anti-CagA IgA was not parallel with CagA-positive H. pylori cohabitation. We hypothesized that the HLA-DQA1 ~ DQB1 haplotypes in human populations include protective haplotypes that more effectively present immunogenic CagA peptides and susceptible haplotypes with an impaired capacity to present CagA peptides...
November 18, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37853246/immunogenetics-sylvatic-plague-and-its-vectors-insights-from-the-pathogen-reservoir-mastomys-natalensis-in-tanzania
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lavinia Haikukutu, Japhet R Lyaku, Charles M Lyimo, Seth J Eiseb, Rhodes H Makundi, Ayodeji Olayemi, Kerstin Wilhelm, Nadine Müller-Klein, Dominik W Schmid, Ramona Fleischer, Simone Sommer
Yersinia pestis is a historically important vector-borne pathogen causing plague in humans and other mammals. Contemporary zoonotic infections with Y. pestis still occur in sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania and Madagascar, but receive relatively little attention. Thus, the role of wildlife reservoirs in maintaining sylvatic plague and spillover risks to humans is largely unknown. The multimammate rodent Mastomys natalensis is the most abundant and widespread rodent in peri-domestic areas in Tanzania, where it plays a major role as a Y...
October 19, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37804321/macroevolution-of-avian-t-cell-receptor-c-segments-using-genomic-data
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunhong Liang, Lin Sun, Ying Zhu, Ayong Zhao, Hongyi Liu, Ke He
All jawed vertebrates have four T cell receptor (TCR) chains expressed by thymus-derived lymphocytes that play a significant role in animal immune defense. However, avian TCR studies have been limited to a few species, although their co-functional major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) have been studied for decades, showing various copy numbers and polymorphisms. Here, using public genome data, we characterized the copy numbers, the phylogenic relationship and selection of T cell receptor complex (TCR-C) segments, and the genomic organization of TCR loci across birds...
October 7, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37801092/the-kir2dl1-intermediate-upstream-element-participates-in-gene-activation
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul W Wright, Hongchuan Li, Md Ahasanur Rahman, Erik M Anderson, Megan Karwan, Jeffrey Carrell, Stephen K Anderson
The human KIR genes encode a family of class I MHC receptors that are expressed on subsets of NK cells. The expression of KIR proteins is controlled by a stochastic process, and competition between sense and antisense promoter elements has been suggested to program the variegated expression of these genes. Previous studies have demonstrated distinct roles of distal, intermediate, and proximal sense promoter/enhancer elements in gene activation and expression. Conversely, proximal and intronic antisense promoter transcripts have been associated with gene silencing at different stages of NK cell development...
October 6, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37430007/factors-regulating-the-differences-in-frequency-of-infiltration-of-th17-and-treg-of-the-blood-brain-barrier
#18
REVIEW
Norwin Kubick, Marzena Lazarczyk, Nina Strzałkowska, Anna Charuta, Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk, Mariusz Sacharczuk, Michel Edwar Mickael
Controlling CD4+ immune cell infiltration of the brain is a leading aim in designing therapeutic strategies for a range of neuropathological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. CD4+ T cells are a highly heterogeneous and reprogrammable family, which includes various distinctive cell types such as Th17, Th1, and Treg cells. Interestingly Th17 and Treg cells share a related transcriptomic profile, where the TGFβ-SMADS pathway plays a fundamental role in regulating the differentiation of both of these cell types...
October 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37747540/comparative-genomics-of-the-t-cell-receptor-%C3%AE-locus-in-marsupials-and-monotremes
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K A Morrissey, M R Stammnitz, E Murchison, R D Miller
T cells are a primary component of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. There are three mammalian T cell lineages based on their T cell receptors (TCR). The αβ T cells and γδ T cells are ancient and found broadly in vertebrates. The more recently discovered γμ T cells are uniquely mammalian and only found in marsupials and monotremes. In this study, we compare the TCRμ locus (TRM) across the genomes of two marsupials, the gray short-tailed opossum and Tasmanian devil, and one monotreme, the platypus...
September 25, 2023: Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37735270/genomic-view-of-the-origins-of-cell-mediated-immunity
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Morgan E Janes, Allison Kinlein, Martin F Flajnik, Louis Du Pasquier, Yuko Ohta
NKp30 is an activating natural killer cell receptor (NKR) with a single-exon variable (VJ)-type immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domain. Such VJ-IgSF domains predate the emergence of the antigen receptors (immunoglobulin and T cell receptor), which possess the same domain but undergo gene rearrangement. NCR3, the gene encoding NKp30, is present in jawed vertebrates from sharks to mammals; thus, unlike most NKR that are highly divergent among vertebrate taxa, NKp30 is uniquely conserved. We previously hypothesized that an ancestral NCR3 gene was encoded in the proto-major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the region where many immune-related genes have accumulated...
September 22, 2023: Immunogenetics
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