Przegla̧d Epidemiologiczny

The theory about the infectious causes of cancer was very popular at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The research methodology to confirm this hypothesis was based on diagnostic methods used by bacteriology. Various types of experiments were carried out on animals and humans. Attempts were made to "infect" cancer, as well as to transplant cancer cells into healthy animals. Disinfectants were studied looking for opportunities for anti-cancer prophylaxis. They were guided by analogy and empiricism, clinical images of diseases were compared...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of newly diagnosed HIV infections and AIDS cases and death among AIDS cases in Poland in 2020 in comparison to the changes in preceding years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of the epidemiological situation was based on reports of newly detected HIV cases and AIDS cases received from doctors and laboratories and the results of the annual survey of HIV testing conducted among the laboratories throughout the country...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of syphilis cases in Poland in 2020 in comparison to previous years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of the epidemiological situation was based on case-based data from reports of newly detected syphilis cases received from doctors and laboratories in 2020. Additionally aggregated data from MZ-56 reports on infectious diseases, infections and poisoning from 2014 to 2018 sent from Sanitary Inspections to NIPH NIH -NRI was used...

INTRODUCTION: Lyme borreliosis, also known as Lyme disease, is a zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks. The infection occurs through a bite by a common tick (Ixodes ricinus). Due to the annual cycle of tick activity, mainly dependent on temperature, Lyme disease is seasonal. In certain cases, post-exposure prophylaxis may be indicated, while the vaccine is in phase III clinical trials. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of Lyme disease in Poland in 2020 compared to the situation in previous years...

INTRODUCTION: Meningitis and/or encephalitis are one of the main infectious diseases of the nervous system. These diseases are most commonly caused by bacterial and viral etiological factors. In this publication, meningitis and/or encephalitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and those with a viral origin - in Poland, most often caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus - are presented in detail. In addition to epidemiological surveillance, immunoprophylaxis in the form of mandatory and recommended vaccinations is used in Poland to prevent these infections...

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland in 2020, including pertussis cases, was significantly influenced by the limitation of interpersonal contacts introduced to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. There was a reduction by more than half in the number of recorded pertussis cases, from 1,629 in 2019 to 753 in 2020. Pertussis is most dangerous for young children, however, it can get sick at any age, and the disease does not leave permanent immunity...

BACKGROUND: Occupational stress in health care providers is an undesirable factor that can lead to dissatisfaction and burnout and affect the quality of care and treatment of patients. This study estimated the prevalence of occupational stress among Iranian physicians and dentists. METHOD: The articles were searched using the keywords: "job stress", "job-related stress", "occupational stress", "work-related stress", "workplace stress", "physician", "dentist", and "Iran", and all possible combinations of these terms in domestic databases of Scientific Information Database (SID) and MagIran and international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus with no time limit...

INTRODUCTION: One of the decisive factors in maintaining good health and physical and mental fitness is proper nutrition. Its role becomes particularly important when a disease occurs, including chronic and mental illness. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was aimed at investigating whether, and to what extent, it is feasible to conduct health-promoting nutritional education and to implement principles of correct nutrition in chronically mentally ill patients residing in a 24-h Social Welfare Home (SWH)...

INTRODUCTION: In the present times, natural and man-made threats have questioned our existence on this planet. Health care professionals need to be aware of all the procedures to follow during such an event that threatens to paralyze the entire community and should be able to respond effectively. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to assess the willingness and attitude of dental professionals to render help during any disaster or catastrophic event. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study among 480 subjects who were residing in Tricity (Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula)...

In the era of increasingly developing medical services, decision-making about therapy and care is conditioned not only by medical and psychological factors, but also by increasingly institutional and social factors. Which of the factors of the social environment and medical institutions play the greatest role in the process of deciding on therapy and medical care? In seeking answers to the questions posed, reference was made to the theory of "praxis" by P. Bourdieu. These theoretical concepts: habitus, capital field, have been presented in such a way that it is possible to see their impact on the decisions of patients and medical staff and to take into account the dependencies and mutual influences between them...

BACKGROUND: It is essential to deliver specialist human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care with maximum effectiveness, but also minimum time delay. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether rapid linkage to care defined as starting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on the day of the first visit at the HIV clinic is a costeffective approach. METHODS: In the analysis, Markov's lifetime model presented in our previous study was implemented. The inputs used in the model were updated in the terms of costs, life expectancy, and patient characteristics...

INTRODUCTION: The consequences of the second wave hitting India have drastically laid a huge impact on the mental state of patients. The second wave had proven to be far more dangerous and hence the psychological evaluation needed to be conducted to know the scenario of patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 patients along with the existing depression, anxiety and stress levels amongst them...

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was primarily focused on the involvement of the respiratory system, as the most common clinical manifestation of the disease. Currently, also long COVID poses a significant problem for medicine and public health worldwide. It is characterized by persistent symptoms from various organs or systems, often present for several weeks and months after acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection...

The Polish-Bolshevik War took place between Poland and Soviet Russia, in the years 1919-1921. In addition to military threats, a great problem was the threat posed by various epidemics in Russia. The mass escape of people of Polish origin from Bolshevik Russia to the newly reborn Poland posed a real threat to the biological existence of the nation. The steps taken by the Polish authorities at that time were astonishing in their effectiveness - the Chief Extraordinary Commissioner for Combating Epidemics was appointed, giving him almost unlimited powers comparable to an army commander on a war front...

INTRODUCTION: At the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, due to lockdown, limited mobility, as well as changes in the activity profile of some laboratories, the restriction also applied to access to various screening tests, including HIV screening tests. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess HIV testing trend during COVID-19 pandemic in laboratories in Poland and its comparison to the preceding years, with special focus on testing in the network of Voluntary Testing and Counselling (VCT) sites serving population with higher behavior risk, which increase the possibility of HIV infection...

OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was the assessment of hepatitis B epidemiological situation in Poland in 2019 compared to previous years, taking into consideration the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during that time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data for 2020 included in individual reports on hepatitis B and HBV infections recorded by sanitary and epidemiological stations at EpiBaza, i.e. in the electronic epidemiological surveillance system on infectious diseases, were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: The year 2020 in the extent of HCV infection was set for the first milestones on the road to the eradication of HCV infection in 2030. In addition, in 2020 there was a global public health crisis - the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this paper was to assess the epidemiological situation of HCV infection based on epidemiological surveillance data in Poland in 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of: 1) individual data from surveillance in 2020 conducted by EpiBaza system; 2) diagnosis rate from bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" for the years 2014-2020; and 3) data about deaths due to hepatitis C from the Demographic Surveys and Labour Market Department of Statistics Poland...

INTRODUCTION: Due to the high level of urbanization and industrialization, Silesian Voivodeship remains a region with the poorest quality ambient air, especially in the winter season in which alarm levels are constantly being exceeded. However, in the summertime, there are observed short-term episodes of high ozone concentrations for which their impact on the population health is poorly documented. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of daily respiratory health problems related to an increased pollutants concentration typical for photochemical smog...

INTRODUCTION: The goal of dental education is to prepare competent ethical professionals with critical thinking, reasoning and analyzing skills along with ability of application of clinical skills and judgement in treating a patient. The present study was designed with the objective to elicit the preferences of dental students regarding the utility of the prevailing teaching and learning methods and teaching aids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate dental students...

INTRODUCTION: Students of medical faculties are exposed to greater stress than students of other faculties. In addition, remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic changed the way and quality of life for most people. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the level of stress among medical students during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. The second purpose was to find out if the level of physical activity had an impact on the stress level of students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 248 students of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice participated in the study...