Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: Ocular morbidity with an early onset can have a significant impact on the long-term development of an individual. Hence, careful assessment of visual functions early on is very important. However, testing infants always poses a challenge. Standard tools to assess infants' visual acuity, ocular motility, and so on rely on the clinician's quick subjective judgments of an infant's looking behavior. Eye movements are usually observed from head rotations or spontaneous eye movements in infants...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: : "Congenital cavitary optic disk anomalies" is a term used to include optic disk pit (ODP), optic disk coloboma, and morning glory disk anomaly (MGDA). Imaging the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in congenital optic disk anomalies with optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA) can shed light on its pathogenesis. This video describes the OCTA findings of optic nerve head and RPC network using the angio-disk mode in five cases of congenital cavitary optic disk anomalies...

BACKGROUND: Correct mapping of the blind spot is important, as it serves as an estimate of fixation reliability. When the blind spot is not seen in the expected location in Humphrey visual field (HVF) printout, the clinician should give a thought to why this might be the case. PURPOSE: This video describes a series of cases, in which due to different reasons the blind spot could not be seen in the presumed expected location in the grayscale and numeric data of the HVF printout and the possible explanation behind this...

BACKGROUND: Toric Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are supposed to be aligned at a particular axis for spectacle-free vision for distance. The evolution of topographers and optical biometers has made it quite achievable for us to aim the target. However, the result sometimes remains unpredictable. A big aspect of this depends on the preop axis marking for toric IOL alignment. Errors in axis marking have been reduced recently with the array of different toric markers in the market, but still we see postoperative refractive surprises due to faulty marking...

BACKGROUND: Several characteristic vascular changes can be observed in the glaucomatous eyes, including changes in the vessel configuration and caliber, presence of collateral vessel on disk, and disk hemorrhage. PURPOSE: This video describes characteristic vascular changes in the optic nerve head, which can be observed on clinical examination in the glaucomatous eyes, and useful teaching points to identify the same. SYNOPSIS: In glaucoma, as the optic cup enlarges, the normal pattern and course of retinal vessels on the optic disk are altered and show characteristic changes...

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